PSVI-25 Inclusion of Lemna as a plant-based protein ingredient in dog and cat diets

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the inclusion of a novel plant-based protein (Lemna; MC Select; Parabel®; Vero Beach, FL) in dog diets at 0, 5, and 10% and cat diets at 0, 10 and 15% for palatability, stool quality, and nutrient digestibility. We hypothesized that Lemna would be a viable protein source in both cat and dog diets by showing no detriments to nutrition outcomes. All feeding tests were conducted at an independent research facility (Susquehanna, PA). A standard 2 bowl palatability test over a 2-day period was done with adult dogs and cats (n = 30 each) to determine intake ratios (IR) between test diets (Lemna -containing diets) and control (0% Lemna) diet. Total tract nutrient digestibility was conducted with 18 adult dogs and 21 adult cats (n=6–7 per diet) with 5 days of diet acclimation followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Stool quality was evaluated on a 1–5 scale where 1= non-formed/diarrhea and 5= hard, formed. Palatability data was analyzed via Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and digestibility and stool quality data were analyzed by ANOVA with a Tukey’s post-hoc means separation (SAS version 9.4). Intake ratios in cats between 10% Lemna and control were significantly (P < 0.05) in favor of control, while no difference was observed between 15% Lemna and control. For dogs, 5% and 10% Lemna had significantly (P < 0.05) lower IR demonstrating a preference to control. Both cats and dogs fed Lemna diets had acceptable stool quality (3.42 avg for cat and 3.34 avg for dog). No detriments in nutrient digestibility were observed in dogs fed 5% and 10% Lemna; however, cats fed 10% and 15% Lemna had significantly (P < 0.05) lower dry matter, protein, and energy digestibility versus control. In conclusion, these data suggest more development is needed for Lemna inclusion in companion animal diets. Thursday, July 23, 2020

Download Full-text

PSV-B-26 Performance of sunflower protein meal and dried yeast as secondary protein sources in feline diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 334-335

Author(s):

Lauren Brewer ◽

Matthew Panasevich ◽

Nolan Frantz ◽

Leighann Daristotle

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Protein Meal ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Alternative Protein ◽

Sunflower Protein ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Post Hoc

Abstract The objectives of this study were to assess graded inclusions of sunflower protein meal (SPM; crude protein: 54%, crude fat: 11%, crude fiber: 4%) and dried yeast (DY; crude protein: 50%, crude fat: 3%, crude fiber: 2%) on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability in adult cats. Both SPM and DY were included at 5% and 10% in replacement of pea protein in a high-protein, chicken-based feline diet to maintain equal macronutrient concentrations across all test diets (formulated to 41% crude protein, 18% crude fat, 3% crude fiber). The study was approved and followed by the facility’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A standard 2-bowl palatability test over a 2-day period was executed with adult cats (n = 30 each) to determine intake ratios between test diets (5% and 10% SPM or 5% and 10% DY), and test diets vs. control. Total tract nutrient digestibility was evaluated (n = 8 per diet) with 5 days of diet acclimation followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Stool quality was evaluated on a 1–5 scale, where 1 = hard/formed and 5 = non-formed/diarrhea. All data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS v9.4) and T-tests post-hoc (Minitab 18). Palatability and stool quality were similar (P > 0.05) between all diets. Protein digestibility was lower for DY-containing diets, compared with control (5% DY at P = 0.0083 and 10% DY at P = 0.0336), but not significantly different for SPM diets (P > 0.05). However, average protein digestibility was >88% across all diets. The alternative protein sources tested showed merit for inclusion to diversify ingredient sources while maintaining palatability in cat diets.

Download Full-text

Urinary acidifier in diet with high excess base for adult cats

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542013000400010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 359-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carolina Padovani Pires ◽

Flávia Maria de Oliveira Borges Saad ◽

Rosana Cláudio Silva Ogoshi ◽

Jéssica Santana dos Reis ◽

João Paulo Fernandes Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Urinary Ph ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Food And Water Intake ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Excess Base

Maintaining the pH of urine in the ideal range (6.2 - 6.4) is of great importance for health promotion in the lower urinary tract of cats. In the economic and standard feed sector this is a major concern, given that the animal urine tends to be alkaline after food consumption of those commercial segments, which predispose to the formation of struvite urolith. Therefore, this study aimed to study the effects of increasing levels of urinary acidifiers (0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9%, on a dry matter base) in feed with high excess base over the acid-basic balance in the organism, apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients, urinary pH, hydro-electrolyte balance in cats, as well as the adequacy of equations proposed in the literature to estimate the urinary pH. Twenty-four adult cats, males and females were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of six animals per treatment. The dry matter content of urine presented a quadratic behavior (p<0,05; y = 9.5863 + 3.2299x + 0.7871x² R² = 99,91%), HCO3-, total CO2 and excess blood base during the period in which the animals were fed were high when including 0.9% acidifier compared to 0.6% (p<0.05). In contrast, the use of the additive did not change the urinary pH, blood electrolyte concentration, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, food and water intake (p>0.05). The equations proposed in the literature, which use excess of base in feed to estimate urinary pH, overestimated the pH values found in this study.

Download Full-text

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v4i2.4272 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 415-422

Author(s):

Amoka Pius ◽

Tawose O M

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Gmelina Arborea ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

Download Full-text

Post hoc analysis of ellipsoid zone changes beyond the central subfield in symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion patients from the OASIS trial

BMJ Open Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000648

Author(s):

Swetha Bindu Velaga ◽

Muneeswar Gupta Nittala ◽

Michael S Ip ◽

Luc Duchateau ◽

SriniVas R Sadda

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽

Ellipsoid Zone ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Link Type ◽

Phase Iiib ◽

The Status ◽

Registration Number ◽

Post Hoc ◽

And Control

Background/aimsOASIS is a Phase IIIb trial (NCT01429441) assessing long-term outcomes in subjects with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA). The purpose of this study is to report on the frequency, severity, location and time course of ellipsoid zone (EZ) alterations in ocriplasmin-treated and sham control eyes in the OASIS study.Methods220 patients (146 ocriplasmin, 74 sham) subjects with VMA were enrolled in this masked post hoc analysis phase IIIb, randomised, sham-controlled double-masked multicentre clinical trial. A masked post hoc analysis of OCT images was performed at the Doheny Image Reading Center from subjects enrolled in the OASIS trial. The status of the EZ band was assessed in three different macular regions: the central subfield (CS) (≤1 mm diameter), the parafoveal area (PAA) (>1 to ≤3 mm) and the perifoveal area (PEA) (>3 to ≤6 mm). The EZ band was rated as normal/intact, full thickness macular hole (FTMH), abnormal but continuous, discontinuous/disrupted or absent at visits from baseline (pretreatment) to week 1 (day 7), month 1 (day 28), month 3, month 6, month 12 and the final follow-up at month 24. EZ band status was compared in both study and control eyes.ResultsA total of 208 patients (138 ocriplasmin, 70 sham) were included in this analysis. At baseline, FTMH was present in 48.6%, 8.0%, 0% and 52.8%, 2.9%, 0% in the CS, PAA and PEA of the ocriplasmin and sham groups, respectively. The EZ was graded to be abnormal but continuous, discontinuous/disrupted or absent at Baseline in 21.0%, 4.3%, 2.8% in the CS, PAA and PEA, respectively, of the ocriplasmin group; and 12.9%, 10.0%, 4.3% in the CS, PAA and PEA of the sham group. For the ocriplasmin group in the PAA, this frequency increased to 6.6% at week 1, was 9.8% at month 1, but improved to 3.8% at month 3, and remained stable to 1.6% at month 24. These differences, however, were not statistically significant.ConclusionsOcriplasmin treatment for symptomatic VMA was associated with EZ abnormalities in a small percentage of patients that was best assessed in regions (PEA) relatively unaffected by the VM interface disease at baseline. The EZ abnormalities were apparent by week 1, persisted at month 1, and appeared to resolve in the majority of cases by month 3.Trial registration numberNCT01429441

Download Full-text

49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 55-56

Author(s):

Noheli Gutierrez ◽

Jamie A Boyd

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Cold Water ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Study Results ◽

Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

Download Full-text

Does a Self-etching Ceramic Primer Improve Bonding to Lithium Disilicate Ceramics? Bond Strengths and FESEM Analyses

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-355-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 210-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

GC Lopes ◽

J Perdigão ◽

D Baptista ◽

A Ballarin

Keyword(s):

Failure Mode ◽

Lithium Disilicate ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Control Group ◽

Shear Mode ◽

Bond Strengths ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Microshear Bond Strength ◽

And Control ◽

Silane Solution

SUMMARY Objective: To compare the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) vs self-etching ceramic primer on resin cement microshear bond strength (μSBS) and ultramorphology of lithium disilicate (LD) ceramic. Methods and Materials: LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks (14×4×2 mm3) were polished to 1200 grit and assigned to nine groups (n=5): CON: control, no LD surface treatment; IVO: 5.0% HF (IPS Ceramic Etching Gel, Ivoclar Vivadent); VIT: 5.0% HF (Vita Ceramics Etch, VITA Zahnfabrik); FGM: 5.0% HF (Condac Porcelana, FGM); ULT: 9.0% HF (Porcelain Etch, Ultradent); PRM: 9.6% HF (Premier Porcelain Etch Gel, Premier); BIS: 9.5% HF (Porcelain Etchant, Bisco Inc); DEN: 10.0% HF (Condicionador de Porcelanas, Dentsply Brazil); and MEP: self-etching ceramic primer (Monobond Etch & Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent). For all HF groups and control, an MDP-containing silane solution (MB+, Monobond Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent) was applied on rinsing the HF gel and air drying. Three transparent matrices for each specimen were filled with light-cured resin cement (Variolink Veneer, Ivoclar Vivadent). After storage in water for 48 hours at 37°C, specimens were tested in shear mode to measure μSBS. Mode of failure was analyzed at 50×. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test (α=0.05). Thirty-six additional LD specimens were assigned to the same experimental groups (n=4) and observed under a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) at magnifications ranging from 10,000× to 100,000×. Results: IVO resulted in statistically higher mean μSBS than all the other groups. MEP resulted in statistically lower μSBS than all HF groups. The failure mode for MEP was predominantly adhesive. The most frequent failure mode for the HF groups was mixed. CON resulted in 100% pretesting failures. For FESEM, no retentive pattern was observed for CON specimens. MEP resulted in the least pronounced etching pattern, few areas around crystals exhibited a slight increase in retention pattern compared to the control group. All HF gels created microporosities on the LD surface with distinct etching patterns. VIT and DEN resulted in an LD ultramorphology that suggested overetching. Conclusions: HF etching followed by a silane solution resulted in higher bond strengths than a self-etching ceramic primer. Some HF gels may cause overetching of the LD intaglio surface.

Download Full-text

Optical imaging of orientation and ocular dominance maps in area 17 of cats with convergent strabismus

Visual Neuroscience ◽

10.1017/s0952523801191042 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

RALF ENGELMANN ◽

JOHN M. CROOK ◽

SIEGRID LÖWEL

Keyword(s):

Optical Imaging ◽

Developmental Plasticity ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Ocular Dominance ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Area 17 ◽

Intrinsic Signals ◽

Functional Layout ◽

Adult Cats ◽

And Control

Strabismus (or squint) is both a well-established model for developmental plasticity of the brain and a frequent clinical symptom. While the layout and topographic relationship of functional domains in area 17 of divergently squinting cats has been analyzed extensively in recent years (e.g. Löwel et al., 1998), functional maps in convergently squinting animals have so far not been visualized with comparable detail. We have therefore investigated the functional organization of area 17 in adult cats with a surgically induced convergent squint angle. In these animals, visual acuity was determined by both behavioral tests and recordings of visual evoked potentials, and animals with comparable acuities in both eyes were selected for further experiments. The functional layout of area 17 was visualized using optical imaging of intrinsic signals. Monocular iso-orientation domains had a patchy appearance and their layout was different for left and right eye stimulation, so that segregated ocular dominance domains could be visualized. Iso-orientation domains exhibited a pinwheel-like organization, as previously described for normal and divergently squinting cats. Mean pinwheel density was the same in the experimental and control animals (3.4 pinwheel centers per mm2 cortical surface), but significantly (P < 0.00001) higher than that reported previously for normal and divergently squinting cats (2.7/mm2). A comparison of orientation with ocular dominance maps revealed that iso-orientation domains were continuous across the borders of ocular dominance domains and tended to intersect these borders at steep angles. However, in contrast to previous reports in normally raised cats, orientation pinwheel centers showed no consistent topographical relationship to the peaks of ocular dominance domains. Taken together, these observations indicate an overall similarity between the functional layout of orientation and ocular dominance maps in area 17 of convergently and divergently squinting cats. The higher pinwheel densities compared with previous reports suggest that animals from different gene pools might generally differ in this parameter and therefore also in the space constants of their cortical orientation maps.

Download Full-text

Enhancement of iron availability by some organic materials

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600086196 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 115-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. A. Parsa ◽

A. Wallace ◽

J. P. Martin

Keyword(s):

Calcareous Soil ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Iron Availability ◽

Lawsonia Inermis ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Phenolic Substances ◽

And Control ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Positive Effect

SUMMARYIn a preliminary laboratory experiment in Iran, not reported here, 5 out of 30 plant materials incorporated into a highly calcareous soil had a positive effect on increasing the DTPA- (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-extractable Fe and all except one significantly increased the vegetative growth of sorghum. The plant materials included Lawsonia inermis L., Malva silvestris L., Zyzyphus nummularia Wak. and Lavandula carnopifolia L. A glasshouse study was repeated with two California soils pretreated with 0·5% Fe2O3 to determine if these organic materials have practical value in making Fe available to plants. A calcareous, Fe-deficient Hacienda (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic aquic natrargid) and a non-calcareous Yolo (fine-silty, mixed, non-acid, thermic typic xerothents). The previously mentioned organic materials and Laminaria saccharina L. (Lamour) were incorporated into the soils at two rates, 15000 and 20000μg/g, as air dry and in ash form. An adequate supply of major and micronutrients other than Fe was ensured. Other treatments included 5 μg Fe/g as FeSO4, Fe-138 chelate and control. All of the plant materials with the exception of L. carnopifolia significantly increased dry-matter yield and Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn uptake by sorghum in the Hacienda soil. In the Yolo soil the above were not significant. Thin-layer chromatography of the extracts of the plant materials revealed the presence of significant quantities of phenolic substances.

Download Full-text

Effect of Yeast-Fermented Citrus Pulp as a Protein Source on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and In Situ Digestion Kinetics in Nili Ravi Buffalo Bulls

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1713

Author(s):

Muhammad Awais ◽

Muhammad Sharif ◽

Khurram Ashfaq ◽

Amjad Islam Aqib ◽

Muhammad Saeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Protein Source ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Digestion Kinetics

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of single cell protein (SCP) supplement as a protein source on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and in situ digestion kinetics in four Nili Ravi buffalo bulls. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous concentrates containing 3, 6, 9 and 12% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fermented citrus pulp were formulated. All animals were fed a ration with a concentrate/forage ratio of 50:50. Diets were provided ad libitum twice a day as a total mixed ration in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Each experimental period lasted 3 weeks while the overall study 12 weeks. The first 2 weeks of each experimental period were used as adaptation period while the third week as collection period. Chemical composition of fermented citrus pulp appeared as an excellent source of protein. No significant difference was observed on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and SCP among all the treatments. Moreover, no significant effect was observed on ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen at different times. Rate of disappearance and lag time of in situ dry matter digestion kinetics remained nonsignificant regardless of SCP percentage. Based on results of similar nutrients intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters it is concluded that SCP could be used in the concentrate diet of ruminant up to 12%. Furthermore, the SCP has the potential of an alternative protein source in animal diet formulation.

Download Full-text

Impact of four fiber-rich supplements on nutrient digestibility, colostrum production, and farrowing performance in sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Takele Feyera ◽

Liang Hu ◽

Maria Eskildsen ◽

Thomas S Bruun ◽

Peter K Theil

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Extra Energy ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Nonstarch Polysaccharides ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Soy Hulls ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary fiber (DF) sources on sow and litter performance, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients. A total of 48 sows were stratified for body weight at mating and randomly assigned to one of four DF sources (mixed fiber [MF], palm kernel expellers [PKE], sugar beet pulp [SBP], or soy hulls [SH]) and fed the diet from mating until farrowing. Within DF treatments, sows were supplemented with one of two extra energy sources (glycerol or sugar dissolved in water), whereas a third group (control) received water from day 108 of gestation until farrowing. The number of total born, live-born, and stillborn pigs; birth time and birth weight of the pigs; farrowing duration; and farrowing assistance (FA) were recorded. Live-born pigs were weighed again at 12 and 24 h after birth to record weight gain, which was used to estimate intake and yield of colostrum. Blood samples were collected once daily from day −3 relative to farrowing until day 1 after farrowing in sows and once from selected pigs right after birth. Fecal samples were collected on day 114 of gestation and colostrum at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h after onset of farrowing. Intake of soluble and insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) was greater for SBP (P < 0.001) and PKE (P < 0.001) supplemented sows, respectively, when compared with other groups. Farrowing duration and stillbirth rate were not affected by DF sources, but PKE and SH supplemented sows had greater FA than SBP and MF supplemented sows (P < 0.001). Extra energy supplement did not improve the farrowing performance. Concentration (P = 0.02) and output (P = 0.04) of dry matter in colostrum, and ATTD of GE (P < 0.001) and crude protein (CP; P < 0.001) were lower for PKE supplemented sows than in sows from the remaining groups. Intake of insoluble NSP correlated negatively with ATTD of GE (P < 0.001) and CP (P < 0.001). Concentrations of glucose (P < 0.001), lactate (P < 0.001), CO2 (P < 0.001), and HCO3 (P < 0.001) in sows blood were increased with time progress relative to farrowing. Newborn pigs from PKE supplemented sows had greater concentration of lactate (P = 0.02) and lower blood pH (P = 0.02) than the remaining treatments. In conclusion, PKE supplement reduced ATTD of GE and CP, and concentration and output of dry matter in colostrum but increased FA. Results of this experiment indicated that the use of PKE as a fiber source for late gestating sows should be avoided.

Download Full-text