PSII-37 Program Chair Poster Pick: The effect of glucocorticoids on circulating plasma concentrations of ghrelin in sheep

Abstract Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) culminates in glucocorticoid production in sheep. Glucocorticoids alter metabolic function, which suggests concentrations of metabolically important hormones, ghrelin and growth hormone (GH), might be affected by components of the HPA axis. To clarify the relationship between the HPA axis and these hormones in ruminants, 10 Katahdin ewe lambs (1 year old; 43.3 +/- 1.3 kg) received an intravenous injection of ACTH (0.2 µg/kg BW) or saline. In a second experiment, the same lambs received an intravenous injection of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX; 2 mg/kg BW) or saline. Blood samples were collected in 15 min intervals from 1 h before injection to 2 h after. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, ghrelin, and GH were analyzed by radioimmunoassay analysis. Data were tested for effect of treatment (saline or ACTH and saline or DEX), time, and treatment by time interaction using procedures for repeated measures with JMP software (version 10; SAS Inst. Inc.). Cortisol concentrations increased in response to both ACTH and dexamethasone administration (P < 0.0001). Neither ghrelin nor GH concentrations were affected by ACTH or DEX administration (P ≥ 0.4372). These data confirm ACTH influences cortisol secretion but suggest neither ACTH nor glucocorticoids impact plasma concentrations of ghrelin and GH in sheep.

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https://www.sciencerepository.org/hpa-axis-functioning-and-food-addiction-among-individuals-suffering-from-severe-obesity-and-awaiting-bariatric-surgery_PDR-2019-3-103

Psychological Disorders and Research ◽

10.31487/j.pdr.2019.03.03 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Laurent Biertho ◽

Simone Lemieux ◽

André Tchernof ◽

Anne-Sophie Ouellette ◽

Catherine Bégin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hpa Axis ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Food Cravings ◽

Final Sample ◽

Hpa Axis Functioning ◽

Physiological Markers ◽

The Relationship

Similarities have been observed between substance dependence and overconsumption of food, leading to the development of the food addiction (FA) concept. While psychological markers of FA have often been documented, data on physiological markers remains scarce. This study aimed to investigate HPA-axis functioning through cortisol awakening response (CAR) in relation to FA among bariatric candidates. We hypothesized that participants presenting high FA symptomatology would present a blunted CAR when compared to participants presenting low FA symptomatology and that significant associations between CAR and eating behaviors would be observed within both groups. The final sample comprised 40 participants, who were invited to complete questionnaires and provide saliva samples upon awakening (T0, T15, and T30). Results from the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures showed a non-significant “time x group” interaction, indicating that CAR did not differ between groups. Moreover, results from correlational analyses showed different patterns of associations between CAR and eating behaviors within each group; further analyses showed that the relationship between CAR and food cravings triggered by cues in the environment was significantly moderated by FA symptomatology, as higher CAR was related to lower cue-triggered food cravings only in individuals presenting low FA symptomatology. While these findings do not support the presence of HPA-axis functioning differences in relation to FA, they suggest that the association of CAR with eating behaviors may depend on whether or not addictive tendencies are present. Further investigation of the association between CAR and eating behaviors in the context of FA will thus be essential.

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Sedative Plasma Concentrations and Delirium Risk in Critical Illness

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/1060028017753480 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 513-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joanna L. Stollings ◽

Jennifer L. Thompson ◽

Benjamin A. Ferrell ◽

Mika Scheinin ◽

Grant R. Wilkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critically Ill ◽

Mental Status ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Apache Ii Score ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Double Blind ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dose Dependent

Background: The relationship between plasma concentration of sedatives and delirium is unknown. Objective: We hypothesized that higher plasma concentrations of lorazepam are associated with increased delirium risk, whereas higher plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine are associated with reduced delirium risk. Methods: This prospective cohort study was embedded in a double-blind randomized clinical trial, where ventilated patients received infusions of lorazepam and dexmedetomidine. Plasma concentrations of these drugs and delirium assessments were measured at least daily. A multivariable logistic regression model accounting for repeated measures was used to analyze associations between same-day plasma concentrations of lorazepam and dexmedetomidine (exposures) and the likelihood of next-day delirium (outcome), adjusting for same-day mental status (delirium, coma, or normal) and same-day fentanyl doses. Results: This critically ill cohort (n = 103) had a median age of 60 years (IQR: 48-66) with APACHE II score of 28 (interquartile range [IQR] = 24-32), where randomization resulted in assignment to lorazepam (n = 51) or dexmedetomidine (n = 52). After adjusting for same-day fentanyl dose and mental status, higher plasma concentrations of lorazepam were associated with increased probability of next-day delirium (comparing 500 vs 0 ng/mL; odds ratio [OR] = 13.2; 95% CI = 1.4-120.1; P = 0.02). Plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine were not associated with next-day delirium (comparing 1 vs 0 ng/mL; OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.9-1.3; P = 0.45). Conclusions: In critically ill patients, higher lorazepam plasma concentrations were associated with delirium, whereas dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations were not. This implies that the reduced delirium risk seen in patients sedated with dexmedetomidine may be a result of avoidance of benzodiazepines, rather than a dose-dependent protective effect of dexmedetomidine.

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Inducing Unconscious Stress

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 192-201

Author(s):

Melanie M. van der Ploeg ◽

Jos F. Brosschot ◽

Markus Quirin ◽

Richard D. Lane ◽

Bart Verkuil

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Implicit Measures ◽

Prime Word ◽

Student Sample ◽

Priming Task ◽

Subject Design ◽

The Relationship ◽

Stress And Health

Abstract. Stress-related stimuli may be presented outside of awareness and may ultimately influence health by causing repetitive increases in physiological parameters, such as blood pressure (BP). In this study, we aimed to corroborate previous studies that demonstrated BP effects of subliminally presented stress-related stimuli. This would add evidence to the hypothesis that unconscious manifestations of stress can affect somatic health. Additionally, we suggest that these findings may be extended by measuring affective changes relating to these physiological changes, using measures for self-reported and implicit positive and negative affectivity. Using a repeated measures between-subject design, we presented either the prime word “angry” ( n = 26) or “relax” ( n = 28) subliminally (17 ms) for 100 trials to a student sample and measured systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate (HR), and affect. The “angry” prime, compared to the “relax” prime, did not affect any of the outcome variables. During the priming task, a higher level of implicit negative affect (INA) was associated with a lower systolic BP and diastolic BP. No association was found with HR. Self-reported affect and implicit positive affect were not related to the cardiovascular (CV) activity. In sum, anger and relax primes elicited similar CV activity patterns, but implicit measures of affect may provide a new method to examine the relationship between (unconscious) stress and health.

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Validating Four Standard Scales in Spiritually Practicing and Nonpracticing Samples Using Propensity Score Matching

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.24.3.165 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Niko Kohls ◽

Harald Walach

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Propensity Score Matching ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Propensity Scores ◽

Total Sample ◽

Experimental Manipulation ◽

Brief Symptom Inventory ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Social Support Scale ◽

Lower Test

Validation studies of standard scales in the particular sample that one is studying are essential for accurate conclusions. We investigated the differences in answering patterns of the Brief-Symptom-Inventory (BSI), Transpersonal Trust Scale (TPV), Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC), and a Social Support Scale (F-SoZu) for a matched sample of spiritually practicing (SP) and nonpracticing (NSP) individuals at two measurement points (t1, t2). Applying a sample matching procedure based on propensity scores, we selected two sociodemographically balanced subsamples of N = 120 out of a total sample of N = 431. Employing repeated measures ANOVAs, we found an intersample difference in means only for TPV and an intrasample difference for F-SoZu. Additionally, a group × time interaction effect was found for TPV. While Cronbach’s α was acceptable and comparable for both samples, a significantly lower test-rest-reliability for the BSI was found in the SP sample (rSP = .62; rNSP = .78). Thus, when researching the effects of spiritual practice, one should not only look at differences in means but also consider time stability. We recommend propensity score matching as an alternative for randomization in variables that defy experimental manipulation such as spirituality.

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The More, the Merrier? Roles of Device-Student Ratio in Collaborative Inquiries and Its Interactions With External Scripts and Task Complexity

Journal of Educational Computing Research ◽

10.1177/07356331211010794 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 073563312110107

Author(s):

Cixiao Wang ◽

Huixiao Le

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Understanding ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Task Complexity ◽

Mainland China ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Learning Context ◽

Simple Task ◽

Fifth Grade Students ◽

Main Effect ◽

The Relationship

In collaborative learning, the intuition “the more device, the merrier” is somehow widely acknowledged, but little research has investigated the relationship between device-student ratio and the learning outcome. This study aims to investigate not only the main effect of different device-student ratio, also to identify the moderators in the learning context including task complexity, external script availability and students’ familiarity to the collaboration settings. A three-round quasi-experiment was conducted in a primary school in mainland China, 130 fifth-grade students from four classes participated. Group worksheet including conceptual understanding and problem-solving tasks were used to collect participants’ inquiry performance. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed in data analysis. Findings indicate that 1:m device-student ratio could be beneficial, and external scripts, and prior collaboration experience could moderate such effect. The different effect of 1:m device-student ratio to 1:1 is only significant in the situation when students are faced with relatively simple task, and the effect size is larger when external script is present. When the task is more complicated, such effect of device-student ratio would only emerge after a period of collaboration. This finding challenged the intuition that one-to-one device-student ratio could be better. Related discussions and recommendations to teaching were made.

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Adaptive Model for Biofeedback Data Flows Management in the Design of Interactive Immersive Environments

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5067

Author(s):

Paulo Veloso Gomes ◽

António Marques ◽

João Donga ◽

Catarina Sá ◽

António Correia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Emotional State ◽

Adaptive Model ◽

Multimodal Data ◽

The Real ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Data Flows ◽

Immersive Systems ◽

Immersive Environment ◽

The Relationship

The interactivity of an immersive environment comes up from the relationship that is established between the user and the system. This relationship results in a set of data exchanges between human and technological actors. The real-time biofeedback devices allow to collect in real time the biodata generated by the user during the exhibition. The analysis, processing and conversion of these biodata into multimodal data allows to relate the stimuli with the emotions they trigger. This work describes an adaptive model for biofeedback data flows management used in the design of interactive immersive systems. The use of an affective algorithm allows to identify the types of emotions felt by the user and the respective intensities. The mapping between stimuli and emotions creates a set of biodata that can be used as elements of interaction that will readjust the stimuli generated by the system. The real-time interaction generated by the evolution of the user’s emotional state and the stimuli generated by the system allows him to adapt attitudes and behaviors to the situations he faces.

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214 The effects of an 18-hour transit or complete feed and water restriction on feed bunk displacements and need preferences in growing feedlot steers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 5-5

Author(s):

Katie J Heiderscheit ◽

Erin Deters ◽

Alyssa Freestone ◽

Joshua Peschel ◽

Stephanie L Hansen

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Trained Observer ◽

Aggressive Interactions ◽

Feedlot Steers ◽

Effect Of Treatment

Abstract The objective was to investigate effects of 18 h feed and water restriction or transit on cattle behavior. Angus-cross steers (36; 353 ± 33 kg) were housed in pens of 6 and assigned to treatments: control (CON), full access to feed and water; deprived (DEPR), no feed or water for 18 h; or transported (TRANS), trucked for 18 h. Individual BW (n = 12 steers/treatment) was recorded on d 0, 1, 3, 8, and 14, and individual dry matter intake (DMI) was determined via GrowSafe bunks. Bunk displacements on d 1 were recorded for each pen (n = 2 pens/treatment) by one trained observer continuously for 2 h in 10 min intervals via video analysis. Steer need preferences were assessed as time individuals took to perform behaviors (eat, drink, lay) after treatments ended on d 1. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effect of treatment; displacements, BW, and DMI were analyzed as repeated measures. Upon return to pens, time to eat or drink did not differ between DEPR and TRANS (P ≥ 0.17), but time to lay was 70.5 min for DEPR vs. 16.5 min for TRANS (P = 0.01). Displacements were greater for DEPR than CON or TRANS during the first 90 min after accessing feed, while CON displaced more frequently than TRANS for the first 30 min (treatment × time; P = 0.02). While DMI for TRANS was not recovered until d 2, DEPR and CON had similar DMI on d 1 (treatment × day; P < 0.01). Similarly, TRANS BW were, and DEPR tended to be, lesser than CON on d 1; however, BW among treatments were not different on other days (treatment × day; P < 0.01). Thus, restricting feed increases aggressive interactions at the bunk and cattle trucked long distances are quick to lay down when allowed. These behaviors should be considered when managing an unintentional feed restriction event or receiving cattle into the feedlot.

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121 Behavioral Attention Relationships Vary Between Demographic Groups Across Sleep Loss and Recovery

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A49-A50

Author(s):

Caroline Antler ◽

Erika Yamazaki ◽

Tess Brieva ◽

Courtney Casale ◽

Namni Goel

Keyword(s):

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Age Groups ◽

Response Speed ◽

Sleep Loss ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Time In Bed ◽

Median Split ◽

The Relationship ◽

High Bmi

Abstract Introduction The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is a behavioral attention measure widely used to describe sleep loss deficits. Although there are reported differences in PVT performance for various demographic groups, no study has examined the relationship between measures on the 10-minute PVT (PVT10) and the 3-minute PVT (PVT3) within sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) groups throughout a highly controlled sleep deprivation study. Methods Forty-one healthy adults (mean±SD ages, 33.9±8.9y) participated in a 13-night experiment [2 baseline nights (10h-12h time in bed, TIB) followed by 5 sleep restriction (SR1-5) nights (4h TIB), 4 recovery nights (R1-R4; 12h TIB), and 36h total sleep deprivation (TSD)]. A neurobehavioral test battery, including the PVT10 and PVT3 was completed every 2h during wakefulness. Repeated measures correlation (rmcorr) compared PVT10 and PVT3 lapses (reaction time [RT] >355ms [PVT3] and >500ms [PVT10]) and response speed (1/RT) by examining correlations by day (e.g., baseline day 2) and time point (e.g., 1000h-2000h) within sex groups (18 females), within age groups defined by a median split (median=32, range=21-49y), and within BMI groups defined by a median split (median=25, range=17-31). Results PVT10 and PVT3 1/RT was significantly correlated at all study days and time points excluding at baseline for the younger group and at R2 for the higher BMI group. PVT10 and PVT3 lapses showed overall lower correlations across the study relative to 1/RT. Lapses were not significantly correlated at baseline for any group, for males across recovery (R1-R4), for the high BMI group at R2-R4, for the older group at R2-R3, or for the younger group at SR5 or R3. Conclusion Differentiating participants based on age, sex, or BMI revealed important variation in the relationship between PVT10 and PVT3 measures across the study. Surprisingly, lapses were not significantly correlated at baseline for any demographic group or across recovery for males or the high BMI or older group. Thus, PVT10 and PVT3 lapses may be less comparable in certain populations when well-rested. These findings add to a growing literature suggesting demographic factors may be important factors to consider when evaluating the effects of sleep loss. Support (if any) ONR Award N00014-11-1-0361;NIH UL1TR000003;NASA NNX14AN49G and 80NSSC20K0243; NIHR01DK117488

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Social isolation of goats: significance of visual contact with conspecifics on behavioral and physiological responses

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab150 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Govind Kannan ◽

Zaira M Estrada-Reyes ◽

Phaneendra Batchu ◽

Brou Kouakou ◽

Thomas H Terrill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Average Weight ◽

Median Frequency ◽

Visual Contact ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Rank Score

Abstract Social isolation can increase distress in goats, particularly when they cannot maintain visual contact with conspecifics. This experiment was conducted to determine the behavioral and physiological responses in goats during isolation with or without visual contact with conspecifics. Male Spanish goats (uncastrated, 8-mo old, average weight 29.4 ± 0.59 kg) were randomly assigned to a control (CO) group with no isolation or to one of four isolation treatment (TRT) pens (1.5 × 1.5 m) with: (1) open grill panels but with no visual contact with conspecifics (IO), (2) covered grill to prevent visual contact (IC), (3) open grill with visual contact (IV), or (3) covered grill with a 30 × 30 cm window to allow visual contact (IW) for 90 min of social isolation (n = 12 goats/TRT). Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min (Time) from isolated and control goats. The experiment was repeated one week later using the same animals, with each goat being subjected to the same isolation treatment the second time to study the effect of prior exposure to isolation. Friedman’s Two-Way ANOVA by Ranks Test in SAS showed that the median frequency of vocalization (rank score) in goats was high in IO group, low in IV and IW groups, and intermediate in IC group (P < 0.01). Vocalization rank score was also higher (P < 0.01) during the first 30 min of isolation in goats. Median frequency of visual contact was higher in the IW group than in the IV group (P < 0.01). Frequency of climbing behavior was high in IC and IO groups, low in IV group, and intermediate in IW group (P < 0.01). Repeated Measures Analysis using GLM procedures in SAS revealed that plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations tended (P < 0.1) to be the highest in IO group than in CO, IC, IV, and IW groups. Cortisol levels were also higher (Time; P < 0.05) at 0 and 90 min compared to 30 and 60 min. Norepinephrine concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) with Time, and plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were affected by TRT × Time interaction (P < 0.01). Overall, epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucose, and NEFA concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) and cortisol concentrations and lymphocyte counts higher (P < 0.01) when goats were exposed to isolation the second time. The results showed that goats with no visual contact with conspecifics during social isolation had greater physiological stress responses and spent more time vocalizing or trying to escape the pen, which may indicate distress.

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No Self Without Salience: Affective and Self-relevance Ratings of 552 Emotionally Valenced and Neutral Dutch Words

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research ◽

10.1007/s10936-021-09784-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lora I. Dimitrova ◽

Eline M. Vissia ◽

Hanneke Geugies ◽

Hedwig Hofstetter ◽

Sima Chalavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Emotional Valence ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Main Effect ◽

Emotional Salience ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

AbstractIt is unknown how self-relevance is dependent on emotional salience. Emotional salience encompasses an individual's degree of attraction or aversion to emotionally-valenced information. The current study investigated the interconnection between self and salience through the evaluation of emotional valence and self-relevance. 56 native Dutch participants completed a questionnaire assessing valence, intensity, and self-relevance of 552 Dutch nouns and verbs. One-way repeated-measures ANCOVA investigated the relationship between valence and self, age and gender. Repeated-measures ANCOVA also tested the relationship between valence and self with intensity ratings and effects of gender and age. Results showed a significant main effect of valence for self-relevant words. Intensity analyses showed a main effect of valence but not of self-relevance. There were no significant effects of gender and age. The most important finding presents that self-relevance is dependent on valence. These findings concerning the relationship between self and salience opens avenues to study an individual's self-definition.

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