PSIV-9 A Multistate Evaluation of an Additional Iron Injection Administered to Piglets Before Weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Tyler B Chevalier ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola ◽  
Scott D Carter ◽  
C Robert Dove ◽  
Mark J Estienne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Status ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Injection Group ◽  
Initial Iron ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Hematological Measures ◽  
Additional Iron

Abstract A cooperative study utilizing 514 weanling pigs from 7 experiment stations was conducted to determine the effects of an additional iron injection administered to piglets before weaning on growth performance and hematological measures. All pigs received an initial iron injection at the time of processing postfarrowing. At each station, pigs were assigned to either the control or an added-injection treatment by pairing two same-sex pigs with a BW difference ≤ 0.453 kg within a litter. One pig within each pair received the additional iron injection (same dose received at processing) 3 to 5 days preweaning. Once weaned, both the control and added-injection group received common station-specific nursery diets. Body weight was recorded weekly by all stations. Blood samples were also collected at second injection, weaning, 14 and 28 days postweaning by 3 of the 7 stations. All data were subjected to ANOVA with the model containing the terms treatment, station, and treatment by station interaction. Average daily gain (Table 1) was greater for the added-injection group during d 0 to 14 (212.5 vs. 202.6 g, P = 0.03) which resulted in an increase in d 14 BW (P = 0.05). Although there was no treatment effect for overall ADG (d -4 to d 28), the tendency for a treatment by station interaction (P = 0.09) illustrated both responsive and nonresponsive stations, indicating that iron status was not the most limiting factor for growth at all stations. Hemoglobin concentration was greater (P < 0.0001) for the added-injection group at weaning and d 14 postweaning. In conclusion, an additional iron injection administered before weaning may lead to early success in the nursery resulting in a heavier BW in subsequent periods; however, the beneficial effects of an additional iron injection are likely dependent on herd status and characteristics.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Supplementation to Whole Milk Has Beneficial Effects on Post-Weaning Holstein Calf Performance

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaslou ◽  
Davood Zahmatkesh ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Hamed Beiranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fecal Score

The positive effects of nucleotide (NU) supplementation in milk replacer have been elucidated in infants and in dairy calves; however, NU addition to whole milk has not been evaluated previously. This study aimed to assess NU supplementation in the whole milk on calf growth and health. Thirty Holstein calves (body weight: 39.1 ± 1.0 kg; 3 d after birth) were randomly assigned to the following treatments: whole milk without any supplementation (NU0), whole milk + 0.5 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS0.5), and whole milk + 1 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS1). Calves were weaned at d 55 and stayed on study until d 75. Calves had free access to feed and water throughout the study. Dry matter intakes (DMI) were similar among treatments (p > 0.05) during the pre-weaning period; however, increasing NU resulted in a linear (p < 0.05) increase in DMI during the post weaning period (2158, 2432, and 2518 g/d for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Treatments did not affect body weight (BW) at the first and second month of study, but final BW linearly increased as NU was added (87.1, 90.6, and 95.4 kg for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Neither pre-weaning average daily gain nor post-weaning average daily gain was affected by treatments; accordingly, feed efficiency was similar among treatment groups. Days with loose fecal score were linearly decreased as NU was added to whole milk during the first month of life, while the fecal score did not differ among treatments until the end of the study. No difference was observed in the skeletal growth of calves in the current study. Therefore, it can be concluded that NU supplementation in the whole milk has some beneficial effects on calf performance in terms of final BW, post-weaning DMI, and less days with loose feces.

Feeding frequency and its effect on feedlot performance in steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
D. F. Engstrom ◽  
D. R. ZoBell
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred and twenty commercial feedlot steers were penned and randomly allocated to three treatments: fed once, twice and three times per day, over a grower through finisher period of 196 d. Feeding frequency had no effect (P > 0.05) on average daily gain, feed intake or efficiency overall. We conclude that there are no beneficial effects in feeding a total mixed diet more frequently to feedlot steers. Key words: Feeding, frequency, gain, steers, feed efficiency

scholarly journals Potential of Grape Extract in Comparison with Therapeutic Dosage of Antibiotics in Weaning Piglets: Effects on Performance, Digestibility and Microbial Metabolites of the Ileum and Colon

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Emina Rajković ◽  
Christiane Schwarz ◽  
David Tischler ◽  
Karl Schedle ◽  
Nicole Reisinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Dosage ◽  
Grape Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Daily Gain

Enteric diseases in piglets, such as post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), often require antibiotic treatment of the entire litter. Grape polyphenols may help overcome PWD and thereby reduce the need for antibiotics. The potential of a grape extract (GE; continuous in-feed supplementation) on performance of weaning piglets, compared with both negative (NC; corn-based diet) and positive control (PC; NC + in-feed antibiotic (amoxicillin) in a therapeutic dosage for day 1–day 5 post weaning) was assessed. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and microbial metabolites were also evaluated on two sampling points (day 27/28 and day 55/56). We assigned 180 weaning piglets (6.9 ± 0.1 kg body weight (BW)) to 6 male and 6 female pens per treatment with 5 piglets each. Animals from PC showed higher BW on day 13 compared with NC and GE, and a tendency for higher BW on day 56 (p = 0.080) compared to NC. Furthermore, PC increased the average daily feed intake in the starter phase (day 1–day 13), and the average daily gain in the early grower phase (day 14–day 24). Overall, GE improved the ATTD at the same level as PC (ash, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract), or at a higher level than PC (dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, crude protein, P). There were no effects on microbial metabolites apart from minor trends for lactic acid and ammonia. Dietary inclusion of GE may have beneficial effects compared to therapeutic antibiotics, as frequently used at weaning.

The effect of virginiamycin on sow and litter performance

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kyriakis ◽  
V. Vassilopoulos ◽  
I. Demade ◽  
W. Kissels ◽  
Z. Polizopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Breeding Cycles ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractThe present paper discusses the results of a trial study, which was carried out to demonstrate the potential beneficial effects of virginiamycin (VM) on sow and litter performance. VM was added to the sow food at the levels of 0, 20 and 40 mg/kg, for a period of two breeding cycles, covering pregnancy and lactation. VM supplementation of the sow food improved sow performance by: (i) decreasing sow weight loss from farrowing to weaning (first period: 8·78 v. 3·54 v. 2·88 kg, P < 0·05; second period: 8·98 v. 3·93 v. 2·32 kg, P < 0·05), (ii) decreasing the duration of the reproductive cycle (first period: 154·5 v. 152·2 v. 151·2 days, P < 0·05; second period: 153·8 v. 151·5 v. 250·6 days, P < 0·05) and (in) increasing milk fat content (second period: 63·7 v. 81·3 v. 83·3 g/kg, P<0·05). Litter performance was also improved in terms of: (i) litter size at weaning (first period: 8·16 v. 8·88 v. 9·18, P < 0·05; second period: 8·98 v. 9·30 v. 9·76, P < 0·05), (ii) body weight at weaning (first period: 5·78 v. 6·29 v. 6·56 kg, P < 0·05; second period: 5·88 v. 6·38 v. 6·60 kg, P < 0·05), (Hi) average daily gain (first period: 172 v. 189 v. 197 g, P < 0·05; second period: 178 v. 292 v. 198 g, P < 0·05) and (iv) food conversion ratio (first period: 0·356 v. 0·331 v. 0·324, P < 0·05; second period: 0·363 v. 0·334 v. 0·325, P < 0·05). These beneficial effects of VM were more pronounced at the higher of the two inclusion levels.

Trends in growth and age at first calving for Holstein and Ayrshire heifers in Quebec

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pietersma ◽  
R. Lacroix ◽  
D. Lefebvre ◽  
R. Cue ◽  
K. M. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective was to provide an overview of heifer growth in Quebec and analyze its relationship with age at first calving. Heifer body weights, wither heights, body condition scores, and breeding events collected from 1993 to 2003 were obtained and combined with first lactation data, mature body weights, type classification final score and frame/capacity, and estimated breeding values for milk, conformation, frame/capacity, and Lifetime Profit Index. Analyses were restricted to 39 animal-level variables. The resulting data set consisted of 44 989 Holsteins and 2294 Ayrshires with data available for at least one variable. The average age at first calving was 26.5 and 27.1 mo for Holsteins and Ayrshires, respectively. For Holsteins, average daily gains in body weights were 0.79, 0.89, 0.87, and 0.70 kg d-1 for 0 to 4 mo (birth to weaning), 4 to 10 mo (to target onset of puberty), 10 to 14 mo (to first breeding), and 14 mo to pre-calving periods of growth, respectively. Body weights at 14 mo, conception, and post calving were 398, 464, and 601 kg, respectively, and relative to mature body weight were 59, 68 and 89%, respectively. Correlations with age at first calving, corrected for herd and year of birth effects, were positive for body weight at conception (0.69), body weight at first calving (0.31), and number of breedings (0.37), and negative for the average daily gain from conception to post calving (-0.38) and body weight at 14 mo relative to mature body weight (-0.20). For Ayrshires, body weights and average daily gains were lower than for Holsteins, but body weights relative to mature body weight and correlations were generally similar. Holsteins and Ayrshires calved substantially earlier and at a heavier body weight compared with Quebec data from the 1980s. The results of this study suggest that heifer growth may not be a limiting factor in reducing the average age at first calving in Québec. Key words: Dairy cattle, field-recorded data, heifer, growth

scholarly journals Short report: Nucleotides supplementation to whole milk has beneficial effects on post-weaning Holstein calf performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaslou ◽  
Davood Zahmatkesh ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Hamed Beiranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract The positive effects of nucleotides (NU) supplementation in milk replacer has been elucidated in infants and in dairy calves; however, NU addition to whole milk has not been evaluated previously. This study aimed to assess NU supplementation in the whole milk on calf growth and health. Thirty Holstein calves (body weight: 39.1 ± 1.0 kg; 3 d after birth) were randomly assigned to following treatments: whole milk without any supplementation (NU0), whole milk + 0.5 g/d added NU to whole milk (NU0.5), and whole milk + 1 g/d added NU to whole milk (NU1). Calves were weaned at d 55 and stayed on study until d 75. Calves had free access to feed and water throughout the study. Calves fed all treatments were similar (P > 0.05) in dry matter intake (DMI) during the pre-weaning period, however increasing NU supplementation resulted in a linear (P < 0.05) increase in DMI during the post weaning period. Treatments did not affect body weight (BW) at the first and second month of study but final BW linearly increased as NU was added. Neither pre-weaning average daily gain nor post-weaning average daily gain were affected by treatments; accordingly, feed efficiency was similar among treatment groups. Days with loose fecal score were linearly decreased as NU was added to whole milk during the first month of life, while the fecal score did not differ among treatments until the end of the study. No difference was observed in the skeletal growth of calves in the current study. Therefore, it can be concluded that NU supplementation in the whole milk has some beneficial effects on calf performance in terms of final BW, post-weaning DMI, and less days with loose feces.

scholarly journals Effect of fat levels in early phase on growthperformance and meat characteristics in twin lambs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Hui Tao ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Naifeng Zhang ◽  
Kaidong Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Slaughter Performance ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment aims to study the effects of dietary fat level during the suckling period on growth<br />performance and meat characteristics in twin lambs. Thirty pairs of male twin Hu lambs were divided into two<br />groups, namely high fat (HF) and normal fat (NF). Lambs in HF group were fed milk replacer and starter containing<br />26.89% and 5.07% of fat, whereas those in NF group, were fed milk replacer and starter containing 15.15% and<br />2.80% of fat, respectively, from eight to 60 days of age. From 60 to 120 days of age, all lambs were fed a starter feed<br />containing 2.80% fat. The results showed that lambs fed HF diet had higher body weight (12.78 kg versus 11.63 kg,<br />P = 0.020), average daily gain (162.4 g/day versus 141.1 g/day, P = 0.019), apparent digestibility of organic matter<br />(P = 0.018) and gross energy (P &lt; 0.001). No difference was observed between HF and NF group in slaughter performance<br />during eight to 60 days of age. Lambs fed HF diet had higher body weight at 120 days of age (P = 0.035).<br />However, no difference was observed in nutrient digestibility, slaughter performance or meat quality at 120 days<br />of age. In summary, HF diet in the suckling period showed long-lasting beneficial effects on the growth performance

scholarly journals PSIV-12 Effects of an additional iron injection administered to piglets before weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 227-227
Author(s):  
Tyler B Chevalier ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Iron Status ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injection Treatment ◽  
Hematological Effects ◽  
The Common ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Additional Iron

Abstract Advancements in genetics have led to an increase in growth rates of nursing piglets. Previous studies have suggested that the common 100–200 mg Fe injection shortly after birth is not sufficient to prevent anemia for all pigs throughout the suckling and nursery phases, more so for heavy (fast-growing) piglets. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and hematological effects of supplementing an additional iron injection 4 days before weaning. A total of 136 crossbred pigs from 20 litters with an initial BW of 5.48 ± 1.08 kg were assigned to either the control or an added-injection treatment. All pigs had received a 150 mg Fe intramuscular (IM) injection 1 d after birth. The added-injection group received an additional 150 mg Fe IM injection 4 days before weaning. Pigs were weaned at 18–24 days. All pigs received a common nursery diet, formulated to meet or exceed the NRC (2012) requirement estimates. Body weight and feed disappearance were recorded weekly. Blood and tissue samples were collected at pre-wean (-4), weaning (0), 14, and 28 days in the nursery. All data were subjected to ANOVA by the GLM procedure of SAS. Hemoglobin concentration was greater at weaning (12.1 vs. 10.3 g/dL, P &lt; 0.0001) and 14 d (11.9 vs. 11.5 g/dL, P = 0.016) for the added-injection treatment. Added-injection pigs had a greater overall ADG (526 vs. 498 g, P = 0.033) for the experiment. Added-injection pigs also had a greater liver Fe concentration at weaning (36.6 vs. 11.7 mg/kg of liver, P = 0.009). In conclusion, an additional 150 mg Fe injection administered 4 d before weaning increased blood and liver iron status at weaning as well as improved ADG in the nursery.

scholarly journals Genetische Beziehungen zwischen individueller Futteraufnahme während der Eigenleistungsprüfung und Fruchtbarkeitsmerkmalen beim Schwein

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-462
Author(s):  
S. Karsten ◽  
R. Röhe ◽  
V. Schulze ◽  
H. Looft ◽  
E. Kalm
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. Title of the paper. Genetic association between individual feed intake during Performance test and reproductions traits in pigs The present study deals with the estimation of genetic correlations between Performance test traits measured in boars and reproduction traits of their offspring (sibs) of two purebred lines. Performance traits were individual feed intake (FI) recorded by electronic feeder, feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG) and backfat thickness (BF). Reproduction traits were number of total piglets born (NBT) and born alive (NBA) Data of 4869 young boars, Performance tested between April 1992 and May 1997 and data of 9710 primiparous sows farrowed between June 1994 to November 1998, were observed. Heritabilities of Performance traits recorded on Station were in line 03 (line 04) h2 = 0.24 (0.33), 0.33 (0.33), 0.23 (0.32) and 0.47 (0.53) for FI, ADG FCR and BF, respectively. Heritabilities of reproduction traits such as NBT, NBA were in line 03 (line 04) h2 = 0 05 (0.08) and 0.05 (0.06), respectively. Genetic correlation between individual feed intake and reproduction traits ranged between rg = 0.12 and 0.27. Undesirable genetic correlations were found between reproduction traits and feed efficiency (rg = 0.13 to 0.44), backfat thickness (rg = 0.07 to 0.25) and partly average daily gain (rg = −010 to 0.09). Line 04 showed lowest magnitude of feed intake and highest genetic antagonism between production and reproduction traits. It is suggested that feed intake capacity is a limiting factor for reproduction in line 04 and genetic antagonism between production and reproduction traits increases with reduction in feed intake.

scholarly journals Virginiamycin and sodium monensin supplementation for beef cattle on pasture

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1999-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C.F. Maciel ◽  
H.M. Saturnino ◽  
F.A. Barbosa ◽  
V.M.R. Malacco ◽  
J.M.C. Andrade Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Supplement Intake

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of including virginiamycin (VM), sodium monensin (MON) or the association (VM+MON) in the energetic mineral supplement, on the intake and performance of beef cattle on pasture. Forty Nellore heifers with 24 months of age and initial body weight (BW) of 251.5±16.6kg, were distributed in four treatments in a randomized block design. Treatments consisted of adding VM, MON or VM+MON to the supplement (CONT). Additive concentrations were defined to reach a dose of 40 to 45mg/100kg BW. The herbage allowance was not a limiting factor for the animals’ intake. Supplement intake was lower than expected, with 33.0, 18.8 and 26.3mg per 100kg BW for VM, MON and VM+MON, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI, mean=2.65% BW) and animal performance were not affected by the inclusion of additives. The average daily gain (ADG) was 0.561kg/animal day-1. The inclusion of additives in energetic mineral supplement does not affect the DMI and the ADG of grazing animals. The variability in supplement intake and daily dose intake of additives may have influenced the performance of the animals. Monensin inclusion presented the less expensive supplementation cost, due to reduction in supplement intake without changing weight gain.

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