267 Effect of Hay Type on the Winter Growth of Bos Grunniens Raised in Eastern Kentucky

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W Lehmkuhler ◽  
Gregory Dike ◽  
Mary McCarty ◽  
Benjamin Crites
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Forage Type

Abstract Bos grunniens (yak) have been utilized as a source of fiber, milk, dung, meat and transportation in the high-altitude regions of Asia for centuries. Limited research has been conducted on the species in North America. The objective of this on-farm research was to evaluate the effect of hay type on growth rate of growing yaks. Forages evaluated included alfalfa (A), orchardgrass-red clover (O) and a cool-season pasture grass species mixture (P). The experimental design was a partially balanced 3x3 Latin square with an extra pen. Yaks were stratified to pens by age and sex resulting in a pen of mixed sex (3 males/2 females) recently weaned calves, a pen of five yearling females, and two pens of five yearling males. Each period lasted for 45 days and animal weights were collected at the beginning and end to assess weight change and daily gain. Hay offered was weighed and feeding losses were visually estimated to determine hay DM disappearance. Forage samples were collected and analyzed for nutrient content. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. No carryover effects were noted and means were separated using Tukey’s multiple comparison test where α=0.10. Forage type had a significant impact on period weight change of growing yaks during the winter with O having greater weight gain (9.5 kg) than P (-4.7 kg) with A being intermediate (8.5 kg). Forage DM disappearance when expressed as percent of body weight was greater for A (2.70) compared to P (2.25) while O (2.28) was not different from either. Forage type and quality can impact weight gain and forage disappearance during the winter months for growing yaks with higher quality forage providing greater weight gain.

Stability and Yield of Cool-Season Pasture Grass Species Grown at Five Irrigation Levels

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair L. Waldron ◽  
Kay H. Asay ◽  
Kevin B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Irrigation Levels

scholarly journals Depression-related weight change and incident diabetes in a community sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Graham ◽  
Tristan Watson ◽  
Sonya S. Deschênes ◽  
Kristian B. Filion ◽  
Mélanie Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThis cohort study aimed to compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight gain, depression-related weight loss, depression with no weight change, and no depression. The study sample included 59,315 community-dwelling adults in Ontario, Canada. Depression-related weight change in the past 12 months was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form. Participants were followed for up to 20 years using administrative health data. Cox proportional hazards models compared the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight change and in adults with no depression. Adults with depression-related weight gain had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to adults no depression (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.32–2.20), adults with depression-related weight loss (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09–2.42), and adults with depression with no weight change (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.86). Adults with depression with no weight change also had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to those with no depression (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.45). Associations were stronger among women and persisted after adjusting for attained overweight and obesity. Identifying symptoms of weight change in depression may aid in identifying adults at higher risk of type 2 diabetes and in developing tailored prevention strategies.

scholarly journals 1043. The impact of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) on weight gain among adults with HIV in clinical care

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S551-S551
Author(s):  
Sneha Thatipelli ◽  
Chad Achenbach ◽  
Shannon Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) as ART for HIV has been associated with clinically significant weight gain, in addition to the “return to health phenomenon”. Methods We conducted a cohort study on adults over 18 with HIV, who had baseline weights and an additional weight at least 6 months later. Individuals with malignancies, thyroid disorders, and disseminated tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium complex were excluded. To understand the impact of InSTIs on chronic vs. recently infected persons, we divided the cohort into four groups: (1) well-controlled on non-InSTI ART [WN] (2) well-controlled on InSTI ART [WI] (3) uncontrolled on non-InSTI ART [UN], and (4) uncontrolled on InSTI ART [UI]. Well-controlled persons (viral load < 2000) were proxies for chronic infection on long-term ART and uncontrolled for recently infected and initiated on ART. New diagnoses of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were determined by ICD10 codes. Participants with a weight change more than 10 kg in 6 months were excluded. Results 612 of the initial 910 participants in the cohort met the inclusion criteria. Comparing those who remained on the designated regimen throughout the study led to 86 WN, 153 WI, 166 UN, and 145 UI. Mean weight change at 6 months for WN was +0.22 kg (95% CI [-0.86, 1.3]), at 1 year was -0.86 kg (95% CI [-2.94, 1.22]), and at 2 years was +0.026 kg (95% CI [-2.347, 2.399]). For WI, mean weight change at 6 months was +0.21 kg (95% CI [-0.79, 1.21]), at 1 year was -0.50 kg (95% CI [-2.02, 1.04]), and at 2 years was +0.43 kg (95% CI [-1.35, 2.21]). UN gained weight until the first year (+1.74 kg at 6 mo (95% CI [0.24, 3.24]) and +3.84 kg at 1 year (95% CI [1.57, 6.11])), but plateaued at 2 years (+2.42 kg (95% CI [-0.44, 5.28])). At 6 months mean weight gain for UI was +0.78 kg (95% CI [-0.15, 1.71]), at 1 year was +2.33 kg (95% CI [1.02, 3.64]), and at 2 years was +3.04 kg (95% CI [1.2, 4.85]). WI had a higher incidence of diabetes (37% vs. 32%, p=0.40), hyperlipidemia (32% vs. 29%, p=0.66), and hypertension (34% vs. 26%, p=0.19) compared to WN. Conclusion InSTIs may confer a larger and more sustained weight gain among individuals in the first two years after ART initiation. Well controlled individuals did not have statistically significant weight change, but those on Insti-based ART had more metabolic diseases. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Abstract 13946: Sleep Problems on Simvastatin Differentially Predict Weight Change in Men

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice A Golomb ◽  
Hayley J Koslik ◽  
Alexis K Bui
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Interaction Term

Background and Goal: Sleep problems were significantly increased on simvastatin ( simva ) (but not pravastatin) vs placebo in the UCSD Statin Study. Sleep problems on simva predicted glucose rise. Weight gain has also been reported as a statin side effect. We sought to capitalize on existing data to assess whether sleep problems on simva related to weight gain in men. Method: 442 men without known diabetes or CVD were randomized to simva 20mg or placebo for 6 mon. One hundred eighty and 186 completed single-item self-rating of change in sleep problems vs baseline ( Δslpprob ). Weight (lb) was measured at baseline and 6 mon. Missing 6 mon values were imputed. Analyses: A. Regressions stratified by treatment assessed prediction of weight change by Δslpprob, adjusted for baseline weight. B. Regressions assessed prediction of weight change by the interaction term of simva (vs placebo) x Δslpprob, adjusted for the components of the interaction and baseline weight. Since age-related muscle loss may complicate weight change in elderly; and young adults have low vulnerability to metabolic problems, analyses were repeated excluding these groups. Results: A. Increased sleep problems on simva predicted weight gain (significant), but on placebo predicted weight loss (nonsignificant). B. The Δslpprob x simva interaction term significantly predicted weight gain. When that was parceled out, simva, outside of the sleep relationship, negatively predicted weight change. Exclusion of young adults and elderly strengthened significance of findings (Table). Discussion: Sleep problems, which differentially arise on simva, differentially predict weight gain on simva. This expands the metabolic effects to which sleep problems on simva may contribute and might possibly favor mediation by sleep apnea (a reported complication of simva). Once the sleep problem effect is considered, simva use predicted weight loss . The relative contribution of fat vs muscle loss (vs other) requires exploration.

Patterns of weight change in a weight gain prevention study for young adults

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline F. Hayes ◽  
Deborah F. Tate ◽  
Mark A. Espeland ◽  
Jessica Gokee LaRose ◽  
Amy A. Gorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Prevention Study

Abstract MP88: Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Deprivation Predicts Weight Gain in a Multi-Ethnic Population: Longitudinal Data from the Dallas Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Agyemang ◽  
Colby Ayers ◽  
Min Lian ◽  
Sandeep Das ◽  
Christine Hoehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Dallas County ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Deprived Neighborhoods ◽  
Dallas Heart Study ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Background: Although neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation associates with prevalent obesity, its relationship to individual-level weight change over time is poorly elucidated. Few studies have evaluated the impact of behavioral and psychosocial factors on this relationship. Methods: We examined the relationship between neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation and weight change among those who did not move in the 7-year study period (N=955) of the Dallas Heart Study (DHS), a multi-ethnic, population-based sample of Dallas County residents aged 18-65. Baseline weight measurements were performed in 2000-02 and weight was re-measured at 7-year follow-up. Home addresses obtained at baseline and follow-up were geocoded and linked to residential census tracts in Dallas County. A neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) for DHS participants was created using factor analysis of 21 census-tract neighborhood characteristics, with higher scores indicating more socioeconomic deprivation. Repeated-measures linear mixed modeling with random effects was used to determine weight change (kg) relative to tertiles of NDI. Reported physical activity (yes/no: exercised <150 mets/min-wk) and perceptions of neighborhood environment (questionnaire-derived score with higher score = more unfavorable perceptions of neighborhood violence, aesthetics, and social cohesion) were examined as mediators. Results: DHS participants living in more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods had lower income and education (p-trend <0.001 for both). Blacks were more likely to live in more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods than whites and Hispanics (p<0.001). Adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, education, and income as fixed effects, DHS participants living in the most socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods (highest NDI tertile) gained 5.8±2.5 more kilograms (p=0.02) over the 7-year period compared to those in the least deprived neighborhoods. Living in the most socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods remained associated with a 6.4±2.5 kg greater increase in weight (p=0.01) compared to living in the least deprived neighborhoods after adjustment for physical activity levels and a 6.6±2.6 kg greater increase in weight (p=0.01) after adjustment for perceptions of neighborhood environment. Conclusions: Living in more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods is associated with greater weight gain among DHS participants over a 7-year period. This relationship does not appear to be fully explained by lower levels of physical activity or unfavorable perceptions of the neighborhood environment. In Dallas County, the high risk for greater weight gain among people living in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods supports the need to develop targeted community-based interventions to address obesity and reduce disparities in cardiovascular risk.

THE EFFECT OF INTENSITY OF DEFOLIATION ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION IN SOME PASTURE-GRASS SPECIES

1937 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Pasture Plants

There are many points of approach to a consideration of root development in pasture plants, but I wish to confine myself to this effect on the root system of different rest periods between the removal of leaves and outline the plants reaction to them

scholarly journals Reference transcriptome assembly and annotation for perennial ryegrass

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1086-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Shinozuka ◽  
Noel O.I. Cogan ◽  
German C. Spangenberg ◽  
John W. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Genome Sequence Assembly ◽  
Transcriptome Resource

RNA-Seq methodology has been used to generate a comprehensive transcriptome sequence resource for perennial ryegrass, an important temperate pasture grass species. A total of 931 547 255 reads were obtained from libraries corresponding to 19 distinct tissue samples, including both vegetative and reproductive stages of development. Assembly of data generated a final filtered reference set of 48 713 contigs and scaffolds. The transcriptome resource will support whole genome sequence assembly, comparative genomics, implementation of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) methods based on transcript sampling, and identification of candidate genes for multiple biological functions.

Characterization of Alloy 214 After Exposure to Superheated Steam at 800 °C

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Tepylo ◽  
Rainier Garcia Sanchez ◽  
Xiao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Metal Substrate ◽  
Cr Content

In this study, an Al-containing alloy 214 was evaluated in superheated steam at 800 °C for a duration of 600 h. The purpose of using superheated steam was to simulate the supercritical water (SCW) condition at higher temperatures where no commercial SCW rig is currently capable of reaching (800 °C and beyond). After exposure to superheated steam, the weight change and surface oxidation were analyzed. Alloy 214 experienced greater weight gain than IN 625 and Ni20Cr5Al, due to its low Cr content. Formation of both Cr2O3 and Al2O3 was observed on the surface after 300 and 600 h of exposure. However, as exposure progressed, more Ni and Mn-containing spinel started to form, signaling Cr and Al depletion on the metal substrate surface.

scholarly journals Patterns and demographic predictors of 5-year weight change in a multi-ethnic cohort of men and women in Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Ball ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
Paul Ireland ◽  
Allison Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Healthy Weight

AbstractObjective:This study investigated 5-year trends in body weight, overweight and obesity and their association with sociodemographic variables in a large, multi-ethnic community sample of Australian adults.Design:This prospective population study used baseline and 5-year follow-up data from participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS).Setting:Population study in Melbourne, Australia.Subjects:In total, 12 125 men and 17 674 women aged 35–69 years at baseline.Results:Mean 5-year weight change in this sample was +1.58 (standard deviation (SD) 4.82) kg for men and +2.42 (SD 5.17) kg for women. Younger (35–44 years) men and, in particular, women gained more weight than older adults and were at highest risk of major weight gain (≥5 kg) and becoming overweight. Risk of major weight gain and associations between demographic variables and weight change did not vary greatly by ethnicity. Education level showed complex associations with weight outcomes that differed by sex and ethnicity. Multivariate analyses showed that, among men, higher initial body weight was associated with decreased likelihood of major weight gain, whereas among women, those initially overweight or obese were about 20% more likely to experience major weight gain than underweight or healthy weight women.Conclusions:Findings of widespread weight gain across this entire population sample, and particularly among younger women and women who were already overweight, are a cause for alarm. The prevention of weight gain and obesity across the entire population should be an urgent public health priority. Young-to-mid adulthood appears to be a critical time to intervene to prevent future weight gain.

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