PSXII-17 Fertility prediction model for Nilli-Ravi buffalo bulls through Fourier harmonic analysis of sperm

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
John J Parrish ◽  
Javeria Arshad ◽  
M A Awan ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Shape ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Harmonic Amplitude ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fourier Harmonic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Nuclei ◽  
Live Sperm

Abstract A model to predict Nili-ravi buffalo bull fertility was developed based on Fourier harmonic analysis of sperm. Seventeen bulls with 3032 AI records were categorizes based on fertility rate (FR) as low (36.5±0.2, n = 6: SD< ˗1 from mean FR), medium (39.9±0.2, n = 3; SD +1 to -1 from mean FR) and high fertility (41.4±0.1, n = 8; SD > +1 from mean FR). Cryopreserved semen samples from these bulls were investigated for Fourier harmonic analysis of sperm nuclear shape. Hoechst-33342 and YOYO-1 fluorescent stains were used to identify live and dead sperm. Digital images were analyzed to get sperm nuclear perimeter points at different phase angles to generate Fourier functions. Mean harmonic amplitude (HA) 0 was different (P < 0.05) for 1700 live vs. 1294 dead sperm from the 17 bulls, thus live sperm were used for remaining analyses. The mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis values of 100 live sperm nuclei/bull were compared for HA0-5 between high (n = 6) and low (n = 6) fertility groups, considering equal number of bulls in each category. The mean HA2 (0.739±0.01 vs 0.686±0.00) and 4 (0.105±0.001 vs 0.007±0.001) were higher in high vs low fertility group respectively (P < 0.05). Sperm nuclear perimeter among high fertility group sperm was more elongated. There was also an increased skewness of HA0 as fertility increased (P < 0.05). Discriminant analysis defined a fertility model by using mean HA4, skewness HA0 and variance HA2, that resulted in 91.7% bulls into their correct fertility group upon cross-validation (canonical correlation=0.928; P < 0.05). Higher values of mean HA4, skewness HA0 and variance HA2 increase the chance of bulls being placed in the high fertility group. In conclusion, sperm nuclear shape in Nili-ravi buffalo bull is related to in vivo fertility. A fertility model using reported discriminant measures could be used to objectively identify Nili-ravi buffalo bulls of varying fertility.

226 DAY LENGTH DOES NOT AFFECT LIVE SPERM NUCLEAR SHAPE IN THE STALLION

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
J. J. Parrish ◽  
C. Mueller ◽  
E. Ludwig ◽  
J. L. Susko-Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Head ◽  
Nuclear Shape ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Fourier Harmonic ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Sperm Nuclei ◽  
Live Sperm

Fourier harmonic analysis (FHA) of sperm nuclei is a precise and objective method to evaluate shape of the sperm head, with the calculated harmonic amplitudes highly related to male fertility. The FHA approach has been developed for use in the bull and the boar but has not yet been applied to the stallion. Direct utilization of the previous fluorescent approaches to identify and image live sperm nuclei in the bull cannot be used in the stallion due to the increased thickness of the post-nuclear region and thin anterior region of the sperm head. An alternative approach was developed in which live and motile sperm were isolated after filtration of an ejaculate through a Sephadex G-15 column. The resulting live sperm were sonicated briefly to separate tails and heads. The heads were isolated on a 45–90 discontinous Percoll gradient, fixed with paraformaldehyde (0.2%), centrifuged onto glass slides, and dried. The slides were then stained with eosin (1%), cleared with water, and dried again; Permount was added, followed by a coverslip. Slides were imaged with phase contrast microscopy; digital images were acquired and evaluated with custom software to identify perimeter coordinates of sperm nuclei. The perimeter coordinates were next converted to Fourier harmonic amplitudes 0–5 (HA0–HA5) using trigonomic regression at 1 degree equally spaced angles. Fertility of bulls were previously reported to be most related to changes in HA0 and HA2 but no information is available on stallions. As fertility data on stallions is limited, to evaluate FHA in the equine, the day length (period of light) was increased in January from the ambient 9–10 h to 16. Semen samples from 5 light horse stallions were collected at weekly intervals for 8 weeks following the increase in light. It was hypothesized that fertility would increase for each stallion over the course of the experiment, as testosterone increases and spermatogenesis improves with increasing day length, as previously shown. Each week semen samples were evaluated for FHA live sperm nuclei, as described above. All parameter means and variations were recorded on 100 randomly selected sperm nuclei per semen sample evaluated. There was no difference relative to week 0 in the least squares mean or SD of HA0, HA1, HA2, HA3, HA4, or HA5 over the 8 weeks (P > 0.05). However stallions were consistently different for all HAs (P < 0.05). The overall mean HA0–HA5 � SEM were 1.973 � 0.38, 0.087 � 0.002, 0.721 � 0.021, 0.051 � 0.004, 0.208 � 0.014, and 0.031 � 0.002, respectively. Even though libido increased during the experiment, confirming the effect of light on the stallions, no affect on sperm nuclear shape or its variation was detected using FHA. Based on work in other species involving numbers of sperm inseminated, if large numbers of sperm from these stallions were inseminated in mares, we would predict no change in fertility due to season. Further research is needed to confirm this prediction.

267 DIFFERENCES IN BULL SPERM NUCLEAR SHAPE BETWEEN FLOW-SORTED AND NON-SORTED SPERM USING FOURIER HARMONIC ANALYSIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
J. R. Schindler ◽  
R. L. Monson ◽  
K. L. Willenburg ◽  
J. J. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Sperm Nucleus ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Nuclear Shape ◽  
Harmonic Amplitude ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Hoechst 33342 ◽  
Fourier Harmonic ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Sorting Process

The objective of the study was to evaluate sperm nuclear shape in sex-sorted and non-sorted semen using Fourier Harmonic Amplitudes (FHA). Frozen semen was obtained from a single commercially available source. Mature bulls (n = 15) from the same breed with an average age of 4.42 ± 2.08 years were collected and the semen was either frozen or X-chromosome sorted using a flow cytometer and then frozen. Frozen straws were transported to the lab and analyzed for FHA. Briefly, straws were thawed and cells were incubated with 1.6 μm Hoechst 33342. Cells were then washed, fixed, dried to a slide and analyzed for nuclear head shape. Harmonic amplitudes 0 to 5 (HA0–HA5), derived from FHA, were previously shown to be an accurate, objective, and repeatable measure of sperm nuclear shape. HA0 describes the overall nuclear size of the sperm, whereas HA1 describes the anterior head, HA2 the length of the sperm along the longitudinal axis, and HA3 to 5 the distal, post-nuclear curvature of the sperm head. Each unit of semen was evaluated for motility and FHA. There was a significant decrease in motility in the sorted group (77 ± 1% v. 54 ± 3%; P < 0.0001). Multivariate ANOVA showed that there were differences between the sorted and non-sorted groups in HA1 to 4 (P < 0.02). Harmonic amplitude means ± SD (microns) for sorted and non-sorted treatments are as follows: HA1 (0.117 ± 0.003 v. 0.109 ± 0.003), HA2 (1.087 ± 0.005 v. 1.063 ± 0.005), HA3 (0.139 ± 0.003 v. 0.130 ± 0.003), and HA4 (0.201 ± 0.004 v. 0.191 ± 0.004), respectively. The nuclear shape of X-sorted sperm is longer and more pinched in both the anterior and posterior head. Interestingly there was no difference in HA0 (P = 0.119) indicating that the overall size of the sperm head is not affected by the sorting process. The differences in harmonic amplitudes may be due to the size and a restricted location of the X v. Y chromosome in the sperm nucleus.

First report on in vivo fertility trial of frozen thawed boar semen in India#

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Baishya ◽  
R. K. Biswas ◽  
G. Kadirvel ◽  
B. C. Deka ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Live Sperm ◽  
Farrowing Rate ◽  
Size At Birth

The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo fertility of frozen thawed boar semen. Twenty ejaculates collected from six mature boars were frozen in a programmable freezer. After freezing the semen was evaluated for different sperm quality parameters. Twenty five sows were inseminated artificially utilizing frozen thawed semen. The percentage of sperm motility, live sperm, live intact acrosome, plasma membrane intact sperm, HOST-reacted sperm, live sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidised sperm and DNA-damaged sperm of frozen semen utilised for AI were 56.25 ± 0.96, 63.75 ± 1.47, 59.88 ± 1.09, 41.08 ± 1.01, 40.31 ± 1.02, 86.23 ± 1.29, 9.28 ± 0.83 and 4.20 ± 0.29 respectively. The farrowing rate was 44.00 per cent and the mean litter size at birth was 5.91 ± 0.69. It could be concluded that the freezing and insemination protocol of boar semen used in the present study resulted in moderate fertility of frozen boar semen and it would help in further improvement and utilization of frozen boar semen for AI in India.

scholarly journals Gene Expression in Embryos From Norwegian Red Bulls With High or Low Non Return Rate: An RNA-Seq Study of in vivo-Produced Single Embryos

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Diaz-Lundahl ◽  
Arvind Y.M. Sundaram ◽  
Per Gillund ◽  
Gregor Duncan Gilfillan ◽  
Ingrid Olsaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Paternal Influence

During the last decade, paternal effects on embryo development have been found to have greater importance than previously believed. In domestic cattle, embryo mortality is an issue of concern, causing huge economical losses for the dairy cattle industry. In attempts to reveal the paternal influence on embryo death, recent approaches have used transcriptome profiling of the embryo to find genes and pathways affected by different phenotypes in the bull. For practical and economic reasons, most such studies have used in vitro produced embryos. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the global transcriptome of in vivo produced embryos, derived from sires with either high or low field fertility measured as the non-return rate (NRR) on day 56 after first AI of the inseminated cows. Superovulated heifers (n = 14) in the age span of 12–15 months were artificially inseminated with semen from either high fertility (n = 6) or low fertility (n = 6) bulls. On day seven after insemination, embryos were retrieved through uterine flushing. Embryos with first grade quality and IETS stage 5 (early blastocyst), 6 (blastocyst) or 7 (expanded blastocyst) were selected for further processing. In total, RNA extracted from 24 embryos was sequenced using Illumina sequencing, followed by differential expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. We found 62 genes differentially expressed between the two groups (adj.p-value&lt;0.05), of which several genes and their linked pathways could explain the different developmental capacity. Transcripts highly expressed in the embryos from low fertility bulls were related to sterol metabolism and terpenoid backbone synthesis, while transcripts highly expressed in the high fertility embryos were linked to anti-apoptosis and the regulation of cytokine signaling. The leukocyte transendothelial migration and insulin signaling pathways were associated with enrichments in both groups. We also found some highly expressed transcripts in both groups which can be considered as new candidates in the regulation of embryo development. The present study is an important step in defining the paternal influence in embryonic development. Our results suggest that the sire’s genetic contribution affects several important processes linked to pre-and peri implantation regulation in the developing embryo.

scholarly journals Molecular morphology and function of bull spermatozoa linked to histones and associated with fertility

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo V de Oliveira ◽  
Sule Dogan ◽  
Lauren E Belser ◽  
Abdullah Kaya ◽  
Einko Topper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Molecular Morphology ◽  
Sperm Chromatin Condensation

Sub-par fertility in bulls is influenced by alterations in sperm chromatin, and it might not be solved with increased sperm concentration in artificial insemination. Appropriate histone retention during sperm chromatin condensation plays critical roles in male fertility. The objective of this study was to determine failures of sperm chromatin condensation associated with abnormal persistence or accessibility of histones by aniline blue (ANBL) test, expression levels, and cellular localizations of one variant and two core histones (H3.3, H2B, and H4 respectively) in the spermatozoa of low-fertility (LF) vs high-fertility (HF) bulls. The expression levels and cellular localizations of histones in spermatozoa were studied using immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and staining methods. The bioinformatics focused on the sequence identity and evolutionary distance of these proteins among three mammalian species: bovine, mouse, and human. We demonstrated that ANBL staining was different within the LF (1.73 (0.55, 0.19)) and HF (0.67 (0.17, 0.06)) groups (P<0.0001), which was also negatively correlated within vivobull fertility (r=−0.90,P<0.0001). Although these histones were consistently detectable and specifically localized in bull sperm cells, they were not different between the two groups. Except H2B variants, H3.3 and H4 showed 100% identity and were evolutionarily conserved in bulls, mice and humans. The H2B variants were more conserved between bulls and humans, than in mice. In conclusion, we showed that H2B, H3.3, and H4 were detectable in bull spermatozoa and that sperm chromatin condensation status, changed by histone retention, is related to bull fertility.

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR YIELD AT TWO FERTILIZER LEVELS IN SMALL-SEEDED COMMON BEAN

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHREE P. SINGH ◽  
CARLOS A. URREA ◽  
J. ARIEL GUTIERREZ ◽  
JAMES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Selection for seed yield (visual in the F2, visual and plot yield from the F3 to F5, and yield tests in F6) was carried out in two crosses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in high and low soil fertility environments at CIAT-Quilichao, Colombia. Parents were small-seeded and tolerant to low soil phosphorus, possessed indeterminate bush growth habit, and belonged to lowland tropical gene pools of Middle America. The mean yield of selected lines from low (LFS) and high (HFS) soil fertility environments was significantly higher than the mean of the parents in both crosses when tested in high fertility (HF) but not in low fertility (LF). The highest yielding LFS and HFS lines from A 286 × (G 5059 × A 80) and the LFS line from A 286 × ICA Pijao outyielded the best check cultivar, Carioca, in HF. No line yielded significantly more than A 286, the best parent used in both crosses. The mean effect of fertilizer levels on selection for seed yield was nonsignificant. Lines selected under two environments showed similar but average response and high stability of performance under variable environments. Low soil fertility accelerated maturity and reduced 100-seed weight and seed yield.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, bean (small-seeded common), selection for yield, soil fertility, Middle American gene pools, regression coefficient

scholarly journals Multiparametric Study of Antioxidant Effect on Ram Sperm Cryopreservation—From Field Trials to Research Bench

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Marta F. Riesco ◽  
Mercedes Alvarez ◽  
Luis Anel-Lopez ◽  
Marta Neila-Montero ◽  
Cristina Palacin-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Ram Sperm ◽  
Positive Effect

The optimization of sperm cryopreservation protocols in ram is a feasible tool to reinforce artificial insemination technologies considering the desirable application of sperm by vaginal/cervical or transcervical deposition. Cryopreservation provokes different types of damage on spermatozoa and many of these detrimental effects are triggered by redox deregulation. For this reason, the antioxidant supplementation in sperm cryopreservation protocols to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and to equilibrate redox status has been widely employed in different species. Despite this, more fertility trials are necessary to provide the definitive tool to ensure the antioxidant effectiveness on sperm quality. For this reason, in this work, we performed a multiparametric analysis of some previously tested antioxidants (crocin, GSH and Trolox) on ram sperm cryopreservation from field trials to sperm quality analyses focused on new strategies to measure redox balance. Attending to fertility trial, Trolox supplementation registered an improvement concerning to fertility (when we considered high fertility males) and multiple lambing frequency and other complementary and descriptive data related to lambing performance such as prolificacy and fecundity. This positive effect was more evident in multiple lambing frequency when we considered low fertility males than in global male analysis. In vitro analyses of sperm quality confirmed in vivo trials registering a positive effect on sperm viability and redox balance. In this study, we provided the definitive evidence that the role of trolox on redox balance maintenance has a direct effect on fertility parameters, such as prolificacy. The effectiveness of antioxidant treatments was tested, for the first time in ovine species, using an integrative and multiparametric approach combining in vivo and in vitro analyses and novel approaches, such as RedoxSYS. These types of strategies should be applied to improve sperm conservation methods and optimize AI technologies upgrading the correlation between in vitro and in vivo analyses.

Sources of variation in the fertility of a herd of zebu, British, and zebu × British cattle in Northern Australia

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Seebeck
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

SummaryResults of matings made in the Belmont breeding programme from 1954 to 1968 have been analysed. The analysis has been made within three groups. (1) The foundation cows in the years 1954–9; (2) the F1 generation which were mated within line in the years 1957–62; (3) the F2 and F3 generations which were mated within Africander cross (AX), Brahman cross (BX) and Shorthorn-Hereford (SH) lines in the years 1960–8. Fertility was based on the number of calves born, whether alive or dead, to the number of cows mated.In the foundation cows, Hereford cows had a fertility 9% higher than the Shorthorns. The difference between the bull breeds was not significant although the mean for the Brahman bulls was 16% below the mean of the other three breeds. There was a large variation in the fertility of the Brahman bulls. The fertility of the Shorthorn cows was depressed (by 8%) in the lactating cows as compared with dry cows, while there was an opposite effect in the Herefords. These latter effects showed year to year variation.In the F1 generation the differences between the breeds were not significant although both the AX (76·4%) and the BX (81·2%) were more fertile than the SH (70·1%). Estimates of heterosis in the F1 generation were 42% for the AX, 43% for the BX and 12% for the SH. Lactating cows were 7% more fertile than non-lactating cows. There were significant differences between the BX bulls used but not between bulls of the other two breeds. The effect of sires within breed on fertility of daughters was significant only within the SH, and the heritabilities of fortuity were estimated from the variance components for sires within breed to be 9%, 14% and 22% for AX, BX and SH respectively.In the F2 and F3 data the breeds were significantly different in fertility with averages of 77%, 61% and 67% for AX, BX and SH respectively. Thus by comparison with the fertilities of the F1 cows no loss of heterosis for fertility occurred in the AX, a very marked loss in the BX and only a slight loss in the SH. A significant interaction between age of cow and lactational status showed that in the mature cows, wet cows had a higher fertility than dry, while the converse applied in the 3-year-old cows. The interaction of lactational status with breed consisted of the wet zebu cross cattle having a relatively low fertility while the wet British cattle had a relatively high fertility. There were significant differences between bulls within each of the three breeds. The effect of sires was significant in the BX and SH. Heritabilities estimated from between sires within breeds variance components were – 12%, 22% and 25% for the AX, BX and SH respectively.

An investigation into the relationship between the metabolism of pyruvate in bull spermatozoa and fertility

1956 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Glew
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
The Relationship

1. Two hundred and ninety-one samples of semen from seventy-four dairy bulls in use at seven artificial insemination centres and one bull-rearing centre were tested and graded according to the type of metabolic response under the experimental conditions described by Melrose & Terner (1953).2. Conception rates of bulls were obtained from the breeding records based on not less than 150 first inseminations. Since the mean conception rates of centres varied, the fertility of each bull was assessed in relation to the mean conception rate of the centre at which the bull was standing. Bulls were considered of ‘high’ fertility when their conception rates were above, and of ‘low’ fertility when their conception rates were below a dividing line 5% below the mean conception rate of the centre.3. A highly significant relationship (P < 0·001) was found between the groups of the metabolic responses and the fertility levels of the bulls. The practical application of the test in the assessment of the potential fertility of individual bulls is discussed.

scholarly journals Semen cryopreservation of Piau swine breed submited to three freezing protocols

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Hoshino da Costa Barros ◽  
Hugo Hideki Shiomi ◽  
Lincoln da Silva Amorim ◽  
Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães ◽  
Paulo Sávio Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of three protocols of cryopreservation on the sperm viability post-thawing of swine from the Piau breed (Sus scrofa), by means of evaluation assays in vitro and in vivo. Twenty-two ejaculates of 5 adult males of the Piau breed trough the gloved-hand method. In order to verify the sperm viability of the raw semen and post-thawing, the following traits were evaluated: sperm motility and vigor, hypoosmotic test, supra-vital color test and percentage of normal acrosomes. To freezing, the ejaculates were fractioned and submitted in: method 1, method of freezing recommended by Fürst et al. (2005), modified according to media extender; method 2, recommended by Fürst et al. (2005), modified according to the cooling curve; and method 3, recommended by Ohata et al. (2001). To test the in vivo fertility of the frozen/thawed semen, 23 intra-uterine (post-cervical) inseminations were performed in 14 females of the Piau breed, with semen from method 3. The mean values obtained with the use of methods 1 and 2 and post-thawing were inferior to those obtained with method 3. Four adult sows got pregnant (28.6% fertility rate). The freezing method recommended by Ohata et al. (2001), with balance period of 90 minutes at 22-26 ºC, enables higher results of in vitro sperm viability in comparison with the two other methods. The absence of balance period of method 1 and the cooling curve utilized in protocol 2 affect negatively the parameters of sperm viability evaluated in the present study. In spite of the satisfactory results in vitro for the freezing of semen with the utilization of method 3, it presents low fertility rate (28.6%).

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