scholarly journals 169 Susceptibility of several species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to organic acids and their derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Wei ◽  
Jia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Sodium Formate ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of several organic acids and their derivatives against gram-positive (G+) and gram-negative (G-) bacteria. Monopropionin, monovalerin, monolaurin, and sodium formate were tested at 10 to 12 concentrations from 0.001 to 2.50 mg/L; monobutyrin was tested at 16 concentrations from 0.001 to 5.00 mg/L; butyric acid and valeric acid were tested at 8 concentrations from 0.001 to 0.35 mg/L; while formic acid was tested at 8 concentrations from 0.001 to 1.00 mg/L. The tested bacteria included G- bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Campylobacter jejuni) and G+ bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridia perfringens, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Streptococcus suis). Antimicrobial activity of tested compounds was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that prevented growth of tested bacteria in treated culture broth. Butyric acid, valeric acid, and formic acid at highest tested concentrations inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains. The MICs of the three acids varied among bacterial strains with lowest MIC of 0.05–0.10 mg/L on two strains of Campylobacter. Sodium formate at highest tested concentrations did not inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and E. faecalis but the compound inhibited the growth of other tested bacteria with MIC values from 0.20 to 1.88 mg/L. The MIC values of monovalerin, monolaurin, and monobutyrin ranged between 0.001 and 1.50 mg/L on all bacterial strains with the exception that monobutyrin did not inhibit C. jejuni (ATCC 33560) growth at the highest concentration tested (5.0 mg/L). Monopropionin at tested concentrations did not inhibit the growth of all tested bacteria with the exception of 1.13 mg/L as MIC on C. perfringens (ATCC 12915). The MIC tests indicate that all organic acids and their derivatives, except monopropionin, tested in this experiment exhibited strong antimicrobial effects in vitro against tested bacterial strains.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Organic Acids and Their Derivatives on Several Species of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Wei ◽  
Jia Luo ◽  
Xixi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Formate ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative

The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of several organic acids and their derivatives against Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G−) bacteria. Butyric acid, valeric acid, monopropionin, monobutyrin, monovalerin, monolaurin, sodium formate, and ProPhorce—a mixture of sodium formate and formic acid (40:60 w/v)—were tested at 8 to 16 concentrations from 10 to 50,000 mg/L. The tested bacteria included G− bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, and Campylobacter jejuni) and G+ bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus suis). Antimicrobial activity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested compounds that prevented growth of tested bacteria in treated culture broth. The MICs of butyric acid, valeric acid, and ProPhorce varied among bacterial strains with the lowest MIC of 500–1000 mg/L on two strains of Campylobacter. Sodium formate at highest tested concentrations (20,000 mg/L) did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Enterococcus faecalis, but sodium formate inhibited the growth of other tested bacteria with MIC values from 2000 to 18,800 mg/L. The MIC values of monovalerin, monolaurin, and monobutyrin ranged from 2500 to 15,000 mg/L in the majority of bacterial strains. Monopropionin did not inhibit the growth of all tested bacteria, with the exception that the MIC of monopropionin was 11,300 mg/L on Clostridia perfringens. Monolaurin strongly inhibited G+ bacteria, with the MIC value of 10 mg/L against Streptococcus pneumoniae. The MIC tests indicated that organic acids and their derivatives exhibit promising antimicrobial effects in vitro against G− and G+ bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs. The acid forms had stronger in vitro antimicrobial activities than ester forms, except that the medium chain fatty acid ester monolaurin exhibited strong inhibitory effects on G+ bacteria.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 3-, 4-substituted, and 3,4-di Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-435
Author(s):  
Farag A. El-Essawy ◽  
Abdulrahman I. Alharthi ◽  
Mshari A. Alotaibi ◽  
Nancy E. Wahba ◽  
Nader M. Boshta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Quinazoline Derivatives

A novel series of 3-, 4-substituted, and 3,4-di substituted quinazoline derivatives were prepared via various cyclized regents and most of the newly prepared compounds evaluated for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacterial strains and fungi strains. The structures of the quinazoline derivatives have been confirmed using spectroscopic analyses (IR, NMR, and EI-MS). Some of the synthesized derivatives displayed a moderate antimicrobial activity in comparison with reference drugs, for example compounds 13d, 15a, 17b, 18b, 18d, 25, and 29a-c. Among the synthesized compounds, the pyrimidoqunazoline derivative 6c elicited the highest activity.

scholarly journals The antimicrobial activity of leaves and callus extracts of Thevetia peruviana In vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Salah K. M. Alhashimi ◽  
Khaleel I. Rashid ◽  
Ghoson S. Saleh ◽  
Alea M. Abdulhadi ◽  
Tara A. Taher
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana

The antimicrobial activity for Thevietia peruviana was evaluated by measuring inhibition zone diameter in agar using well diffusion assay. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Thevietia peruviana leaf extract as compared with callus extract against some bacterial strains and fungi. The results showed that the addition of 2,4-D at the concentration of 9 mg/l, and 0.1 mg/l of kinetin led to obtain callus weight reached 800 mg. It was noticed that the reduction of 2,4-D concentration up to 6 mg/l resulted in compact and green pieces of callus. The optimal weight and friable callus was obtained at 9 mg/l. Among the susceptible bacteria are the gram negative pseudomonas aeruginosa seemed to be sensitive against all concentration of Thevietia peruviana leaf and callus extracts, While Escherichia coli showed resistance with all concentrations of extracts. It was noted that the extracts were more active against gram positive staphylococcus aureus, as compared with other bacterial species. Results of this study revealed that callus extract of Thevetia peruviana possess higher activity in comparison with leaf extract against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Finally all the bioextracts were well stable at room temperature during the period of the study and did not show any reduction of activity against the bacterial strains used in this study experiments.

Antimicrobial Activity of Iron-Halide Complexes Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Abedin ◽  
Abdullah Hamed A Alshehri ◽  
Ali M A Almughrbi ◽  
Olivia Moore ◽  
Sheikh Alyza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the more serious threats to the global health. The emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial substances decreases the potencies of current antibiotics. Consequently, there is an urgent and growing need for the developing of new classes of antibiotics. Three prepared novel iron complexes have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 3.5 to 10 mM and 3.5 to 40 mM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with antimicrobial resistance phenotype, respectively. Time-kill studies and quantification of the extracellular DNA confirmed the bacteriolytic mode of action of the iron-halide compounds. Additionally, the novel complexes showed significant antibiofilm activity against the tested pathogenic bacterial strains at concentrations lower than the MBC. The cytotoxic effect of the complexes on different mammalian cell lines show sub-cytotoxic values at concentrations lower than the minimum bactericidal concentrations.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Punica Granatum Peel Extract and their Biological Activity on different Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Hussein H. Al-Turnachy ◽  
Fadhilk. alibraheemi ◽  
Ahmed Abd Alreda Madhloom ◽  
Zahraa Yosif Motaweq ◽  
Nibras Yahya Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Peel Extract

The present study was included the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized by Punica granatum peel extract against pathogenic bacteria by testing warm aqueous P. granatum peel extract and silver nanoparticles. Punica granatum indicated potency for AgNP extracellular nanobiosynthesis after addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) 4mM to the extract supernatant, in both concentrations (100mg and 50mg). The biogenic AgNPs showed potency to inhibit both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial growth. Zons of inhibition in (mm) was lesser in gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. The resulted phytogenic AgNPs gave higher biological activity than warm aqueous Punica granatum peel extract. The inhibition zone of the phytogenic AgNPs on E. coli reached 17.53, 22.35, and 26.06 mm at (0.1, 0.5, and 1) mg/ml respectively. While inhibition zones of Punica warm aqueous extract reached 5.33, 10.63, and 16.08 mm at the same concentrations. phytogenic AgNPs gave smaller inhibition zones in gram-positive than gram- negative. Cytotoxic activity of the phytogenic AgNPs was assayed in vitro agaist human blood erythrocytes (RBCs), spectroscopic results showed absorbance at 540 nm hemolysis was observed. In general, AgNPs showed least RBCs hemolysis percentage, at 1 mg/ml concentration, hemolysis percentage was (4.50%). This study, concluded that the Punica granatum peel extract has the power of synthses of AgNPs characterized by broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with cyto-toxicity proportional to AgNPs concentration.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Irradiation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Series of 4,6-Disubstituted-1,3,5-triazine Containing Hydrazone Derivatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessa H. Al-Rasheed ◽  
Monirah Al Alshaikh ◽  
Jamal M. Khaled ◽  
Naiyf S. Alharbi ◽  
Ayman El-Faham
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Pyridine Derivative ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activities

Novel series of 4,6-disubstituted-1,3,5-triazines containing hydrazone derivatives were synthesized employing ultrasonic irradiation and conventional heating. The ultrasonication gave the target products in higher yields and purity in shorter reaction time compared with the conventional method. IR, NMR (H 1 and C 13), elemental analysis, and LC-MS confirmed the structures of the new products. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities were evaluated for all the prepared compounds against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results showed that only two compounds 7i (pyridine derivative) and 7k (4-chlorobenzaldehyde derivative) displayed biological activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the rest of the tested compounds did not display any antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Cowpea-Porous-Starch-Formulated Silver Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shiara Ramdath ◽  
John Mellem ◽  
Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps

Health issues involving inadequate treatment of diseases such as cancer and microbial infections continue to be the subject of much ongoing recent research. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer, Ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, using the disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Cell viability profiles were evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and apoptosis studies on selected human noncancer and cancer cells. The biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated to be spherical clusters, with sizes between 40 and 70 nm. The absorption peak at 423 nm and the presence of polyphenols confirmed the synthesis and stabilization of these tested AgNPs. The AgNPs showed a good stability of −23.9 ± 1.02 mV. Good antimicrobial activity (6.0–18.0 mm) was seen on all tested bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 5 to 16 μg/ml, with the highest activity seen against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (18 ± 0.5 mm), and the lowest activity was seen against Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (6.0 ± 0.4 mm) after treatment with the AgNPs. These NPs showed a concentration-dependent and cell-specific cytotoxicity with low IC50 values (41.7, 56.3, and 63.8 μg/ml). The NPs were well tolerated by tested cells as indicated by a more than 50% cell viability at the high dose tested and low apoptotic indices (<0.2). These findings indicated that these biosynthesized AgNPs showed great potential as effective antibacterial agents and anticancer drug delivery modalities.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and DNA/BSA Binding Affinity of Polynuclear Silver(I) Complexes with 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane/ethene as Bridging Ligands

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sonja Ž. Đurić ◽  
Sandra Vojnovic ◽  
Tina P. Andrejević ◽  
Nevena Lj Stevanović ◽  
Nada D. Savić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Human Lung Fibroblast ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Lung Fibroblast Cell Line ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpa) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe) were used for the synthesis of polynuclear silver(I) complexes, {[Ag(bpa)]NO3}n (1), {[Ag(bpa)2]CF3SO3.H2O}n (2) and {[Ag(bpe)]CF3SO3}n (3). In complexes 1–3, the corresponding nitrogen-containing heterocycle acts as a bridging ligand between two Ag(I) ions. In vitro antimicrobial activity of these complexes, along with the ligands used for their synthesis, was evaluated against the broad panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The silver(I) complexes 1–3 showed selectivity towards Candida spp. and Gram-negative Escherichia coli in comparison to the other investigated bacterial strains, effectively inhibiting the growth of four different Candida species with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 2.5 and 25 μg/mL and the growth of E. coli, with MIC value being 12.5 μg/mL. Importantly, complex 2 significantly reduced C. albicans filamentation, an essential process for its pathogenesis. Antiproliferative effect on the normal human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 was also evaluated with the aim of determining the therapeutic potential of the complexes 1–3. The interactions of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied to evaluate their binding activities towards these biomolecules for possible insights on their mode of action.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF SANTALUM ALBUM SEEDS EXTRACTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Gautam P. Vadnere ◽  
Md. Rageeb Usman ◽  
Santram Lodhi ◽  
Vaishali Patil
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Screening ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Objective: Present study aimed phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial screening of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Santalum album seeds.Methods: Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts were screened for presence of chemical constituents. Petroleum ether extract was investigated detail by using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. In vitro antimicrobial activity of both extracts were investigated using disc diffusion method on two gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans.Results: Santalbic acid was identified in petroleum ether extract and content determined by HPTLC was 4.7%w/w. It was seen that petroleum ether extract have MIC value for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. albicans were 78.125 µg/ml, 19.331 µg/ml, 625 µg/ml & 39.062 µg/ml respectively while MBC was 39.062 µg/ml, 4.882 µg/ml, 312.5 µg/ml & 9.765 µg/ml,  respectively. Petroleum ether extract showed MIC and MBC values for S. aureus was similar as 156.25µg/ml. So, the petroleum ether extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against both gram positive, gram negative and fungal strain.Conclusions: The results of present investigations were indicative of possible high potency of petroleum ether extract due to santalbic acid which could serve as chemotherapeutic agent.

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