scholarly journals 366 Effects of organic versus conventional diets on dystocia rates in Nubian dams

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
Matthew J Soyland ◽  
Isabella V Panetta ◽  
Bailey Armentrout-Shoaf ◽  
Christina Rocco ◽  
Toree Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Organic products have been growing in popularity in the consumer market, often without evidence to support potential benefits. Many organic products promise better results than conventional products, yet research examining the use of organic products as a feedstuff in caprine diets is lacking. Additionally, the cost of organic feedstuff is much greater when compared to conventional. Reproductive success of an animal has a direct correlation with nutrition throughout pregnancy and could be impacted by organic products. Thus, potential benefits of increase of reproductive health could outweigh the initial cost of organic feedstuffs. The objective of the current study was to determine differences in dystocia occurrence between caprine dams fed conventional and organic feedstuffs in the last 6 wk of gestation. Eight gestating Nubian does (n = 4) ranging from 1 to 5 yr of age with initial BW between 45.4 and 68.5 kg were separated into two treatment groups based on BCS utilizing the American Dairy Goat Association’s BCS 1 to 5 scale. Treatment A was fed a conventional diet including 14% CP concentrate, mineral supplementation, and molasses. Treatment B was fed an equivalent USDA certified organic concentrate, mineral supplement and molasses. Dams were fed 0.907kg/d/45.4kg of BW of concentrate and mineral supplement at 0.012kg/d/45.4kg of BW in individual feeding stocks at 0630 and 1730 in the last 6 wk of gestation. All Dams were provided ad libitum to hay and water. During parturition, dystocia was defined as requiring obstetrical assistance at any point during kidding. Differences in dystocia rate between conventional and organic groups were analyzed by independent T-Test at P < 0.05. As expected, no differences were observed between organic and conventional treatment groups (p = 0.28). As a result, the increased priced of organic feedstuff was not justified for feeding over conventional products.

scholarly journals 362 Effects of organic versus conventional diets on dam and kid weight in Nubian caprine

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
Isabella V Panetta ◽  
Bailey Armentrout-Shoaf ◽  
Matthew J Soyland ◽  
Christina Rocco ◽  
Toree Williams
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
T Test ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Certified Organic

Abstract Recently, agriculture has trended towards the utilization of organic products, due to the belief of superior outcomes, reporting healthier animals with better weight gains, and higher quality products among consumers. However, previous research regarding organic feedstuffs has reported conflicting results, supporting the need for continuing research. Reproductive success throughout and post gestation of caprine dams is closely related to the nutritional intake of the animal, which could be impacted by consumption of organic products. The objective of the current study was to observe caprine kid birth weight, kid ADG, and dam weight throughout pregnancy comparing organic and conventional feedstuffs. Eight pregnant Nubian dams (n = 4) between 1 and 5 yr of age with initial BW between 45.4 and 68.5 kg were separated into groups based on initial BW and BCS. The organic group received a certified organic concentrate, certified organic mineral supplement, and a certified organic molasses while the conventional group received a conventional concentrate, conventional mineral supplement, and conventional molasses. Both groups had ad-libitum access to hay and water. Dams were fed 0.907kg/d/45.4kg of BW of concentrate and mineral supplement at 0.012kg/d/45.4kg of BW in individual feeding stocks at 0630 and 1730 for the last six wk of gestation and three wk post-parturition. Dams were individually weighted and observed weekly for BCS using the American Daily Goat Association’s BCS 1 to 5 scale. After parturition, kid birth weight was measured using a hanging sling scale and daily kid weight gain was recorded for three wk post parturition. Differences in kid birth weight, kid ADG, and dam weight were analyzed by two-tailed T-Test at P > 0.05. No differences between kid ADG (P = 0.759), kid birth weight (P = 0.405), or for dam weekly weight (P = 0.457) were observed. Thus, the increase in cost to raise certified organic livestock, such as caprine, is not financially justifiable.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Olha KHAIETSKA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Certified Organic

The article describes the current state of development of the world and domestic market of organic products, countries where there are the highest rates of development of certified production, countries with the highest consumption of organic products per capita and countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land. The organic products market in Ukraine has been analyzed from the beginnings to the present state, indicating all stages of development and the problems that have arisen, as well as the basic laws on organic production, certified organic products, countries and companies operating on the domestic market. The area of land with organic status, the total number of certification bodies, the number of operators in this market in the regions of Ukraine is indicated. In the article a comparative analysis of Ukrainian organic production with world production is conducted, the countries-leaders for the areas occupied by organic production are specified. The list of certified in Ukraine types of organic products, which are consumed both on the domestic market and exported to different countries of the world, is determined. The article deals with the dynamics of the internal market of organic products for 2002-2017 years. The basic principles of organic agriculture, which focus on the preservation of the environment and natural resources, are presented and a mechanism for promoting organic production by agricultural enterprise. The benefits of this production are also described, including: health benefits, environmental, social and economic benefits. The urgent problems of the organic products market are determined, directions of state policy in the field of organic production are proposed, which will promote the development of organic production in Ukraine and the circulation of domestic organic products in the world.

scholarly journals Nutrient intakes, vitamin–mineral supplementation, and intelligence in British schoolchildren

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nelson ◽  
Donald J. Naismith ◽  
Victoria Burley ◽  
Sue Gatenby ◽  
Nicola Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Food And Drink

Children (227), aged 7–12 years, weighed and recorded all food and drink consumed for seven consecutive days. Each child completed tests of verbal and non-verbal intelligence, and was then randomly allocated to one of two groups after matching for age, sex, IQ and height. In a double-blind trial lasting for 28 d, one group received a vitamin-mineral supplement daily and the other group a placebo. On re-testing, there were no significant differences in performance between the two groups. Furthermore, there were no consistent correlations between test scores and micronutrient intakes based on the weighed records. Thus, we found no evidence that learning ability in a cross-section of British schoolchildren was limited by the quality of their diets.

The effect of immunocastration 7 weeks before slaughter on the behaviour, growth and meat quality of post-pubertal bulls

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Jago ◽  
L. R. Matthews ◽  
T. E. Trigg ◽  
P. Dobbie ◽  
J. J. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
The Cost

AbstractActive immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), commonly known as immunocastration, has been proposed as an alternative to traditional methods of castrating bulls. This study evaluated the effects of immunocastration on growth, behaviour and meat quality of post-pubertal bulls. Bulls were either vaccinated against GnRH (no. = 30, I) or left intact (no. = 30, B). A third treatment consisted of steers (no. = 20, S) that had been castrated pre-pubertally. The animals were run in eight single treatment groups (no. = 10 per group), three of each of В and I and two groups of S. Anti-GnRH antibodies developed and plasma testosterone concentrations declined in I following immunization. Aggressive behaviour of I declined to be lower (P < 0·5) than B and no different from S, 5 weeks after primary immunization. Seven weeks after immunocastration all animals were slaughtered. The hot carcass weight of I was between that of B and S but not significantly different from either. There were no effects of treatment on pHu or meat colour measurements. Taste panel assessment rated I higher than B, but lower than S for tenderness, juiciness and overall palatability. These results demonstrate that immunocastration of post-pubertal bulls 7 weeks before slaughter is a potential means of reducing problematic bull behaviour and improving meat quality although this is likely to be at the cost of reduced weight gain.

scholarly journals Contribution of nitrogen derived from mineral supplementation for soybean seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Gerusa Massuquini Conceição ◽  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
Rogério Luiz Backes ◽  
Fabrício Fuzzer de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Paper Towels

ABSTRACT Seeds can absorb N from mineral supplementation, thus stimulating seedling development in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). This study aimed to evaluate the contribution to soybean seedlings of N derived from mineral supplementation in seeds with different nutritional contents. Seeds of the cultivar BMX Potência RR received mineral supplementation enriched with 2.5% excess 15N. The treatments were performed in seeds in two lots, one with high and one with low nutritional content. At 2, 6 and 10 days after sowing on paper towels, the seedlings were collected and separated into cotyledons, roots and shoots. Dry matter production, root length and root volume were assessed. Total N and 15N values were analyzed in the seedling organ tissues. The seeds from the lot with lower nutritional content absorbed more N from the mineral supplement, which was accumulated in the cotyledons and redistributed to the root systems and cotyledons. At 10 days after sowing, most of the N in the organs of soybean seedlings was derived from the seed reserves, regardless of nutritional content. Thus, application of N through mineral supplementation is of low importance for the development and nutrition of seedlings.

scholarly journals Knowledge management a competitive edge for law firms in Botswana in the changing business environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Fombad
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Cost

Background: Law firms in Botswana offer a particularly interesting context to explore the effects of transition in the knowledge economy. Acquiring and leveraging knowledge effectively in law firms through knowledge management can result in competitive advantage; yet the adoption of this approach remains in its infancy. Objectives: This article investigates the factors that will motivate the adoption of knowledge management in law firms in Botswana, and creates an awareness of the potential benefits of knowledge management in these firms.Method: The article uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods and the survey research design. A survey was performed on all 115 registered law firms and 217 lawyers in Botswana. Interviews were conducted with selected lawyers for more insight. Results: Several changes in the legal environment have motivated law firms to adopt knowledge management. Furthermore, lawyers appreciate the potential benefits of knowledge management. Conclusion: With the rise of the knowledge-based economy, coupled with the pressures faced by the legal industry in recent years, law firms in Botswana can no longer afford to rely on the traditional methods of managing knowledge. Knowledge management will, therefore, enhance the cost effectiveness of these firms. Strategic knowledge management certainly helps to prepare law firms in Botswana to be alive to the fact that the systematic harnessing of legal knowledge is no longer a luxury, but an absolute necessity in the knowledge economy. It will also provide an enabling business environment for private sector development and growth and, therefore, facilitate Botswana’s drive towards the knowledge-based economy.

scholarly journals PSV-26 The influence of breed, growing phase nutrition, and finishing system (pasture vs. feedlot) on the relative abundance of mRNA associated with lipid metabolism in longissimus muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Juliana A Torrecilhas ◽  
Elias San Vito ◽  
Larissa Fonseca ◽  
Tiago Simioni ◽  
Josiane Lage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of beef cattle breed, nutritional treatment, and finishing strategy (pasture vs. feedlot) on the relative abundance of mRNA associated with lipid metabolism in longissimus muscle (LM). Eighty-three uncastrated males from three genetic groups: Nellore (N), ½ Angus x ½ Nellore (A) and ½ Senepol x ½ Nellore (S), were randomly assigned to dietary treatments supplied during the growing phase. Treatments consisted of mineral supplement or concentrate supplement (0.3% BW). Following the growing phase, two replicates within each treatment x breed group were randomly assigned to one of two finishing systems (Figure 1): Pasture grazing + concentrate (PC) and Conventional feedlot (CF), both are supplemented at 2% BW/had/d (Table 1). After 209 days the animals were slaughtered, an LM sample (5.0g) was removed between 12th and 13th ribs from each animal and frozen (liquid nitrogen). The relative abundance of mRNA associated with lipid metabolism was measured by qRT-PCR. Target genes include PPARα, PPARγ, SREBP1c, SCD1, LPL, FBP4, CPT2, ACOX and ACCα. The ∆∆ Ct was used to calculate the data and analyzed using the mixed procedures of SAS for a 3×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Mineral supplementation during the growing phase increased (P &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of mRNA of PPARα and PPARγ compared to concentrate. The relative abundance of PPARγ, SREBP1c, SCD1, FABP4, ACOX, was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in CF compared to PC. Angus LM muscle showed greater (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of SREPB1c compared to Nellore and Senepol. The muscle of Nellore and Angus had greater (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of PPARα SCD1 and lower (P &lt; 0.05) of PPARγ when compared to Senepol breed. Therefore, in this study, the conventional feedlot and Angus are more positively associated with differential expression of adipogenic genes.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral Supplementation on the Macromineral Concentration in Blood in Pre- and Postpartum Blackbelly Sheep

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Moyano Tapia ◽  
Simon Alexander Leib ◽  
Pablo Roberto Marini ◽  
Maria Laura Fischman
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Amazon Biodiversity

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mineral supplementation on the serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in pre- and postpartum Blackbelly sheep throughout three successive lambing periods under free grazing conditions in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region. The field work was carried out between January 2015 and February 2018 using 20 Blackbelly sheep belonging to the Centre for Research, Postgraduate Studies and Conservation of Amazon Biodiversity, Ecuador. The flock was randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) was fed with forage plus a supplementation (Pecutrin® Mineral supplement plus vitamins A, D3, and E. Bayer HealthCare) and Group 2 (G2) was fed only with forage without mineral supplementation. Three blood samples from the coccygeal vein were taken from each sheep 30 days before lambing, 30 days after, and 60 days after lambing. Concerning the average of calcium, significant differences were found at different times inside each group and also between them (p < 0.0001 in both cases). As for the phosphorus, significant differences were found between the means of the groups for all times from 30 days after the second lambing season (p < 0.05). It was observed that the groups differed significantly in terms on the average of magnesium (considering a significance level of 0.05) 30 days before the first lambing and at all times measured from the 30 days after the second lambing (p < 0.005). In this study, we showed that Blackbelly sheep raised under free grazing conditions in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region had very low serum calcium values, and supplementation was unable to improve them. Meanwhile, phosphorus and magnesium levels were below the required values, but after supplementation, they exceeded the minimum threshold. Mineral supplementation in the rearing of sheep in grazing systems is necessary during the entire production cycle, but it must be done taking into account the soil–plant–animal relationship specifically for the Amazonian Region systems.

Effect of fitting sheep covers and injection of a mineral supplement on the brightness, clean colour and photostability of wool grown by grazing Merino sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
S. Hatcher ◽  
J. W. V. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
New South ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Selection For

Wethers sourced from a Merino genetic resource flock, selected on the basis of their measured wool clean colour at 2 years of age, were stratified on the basis of clean colour and allocated to one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The aim was to investigate the effect of coating the fleece and administration of a commercial mineral supplement on brightness, clean colour and photostability over a 12-month period when run on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales. Coating the fleece significantly improved both the brightness and clean colour of the fleece (P<0.001, by 4 and 0.5 T units, respectively), but had no effect on the photostability of the two traits. The mineral supplement had no significant impact on the colour or photostability traits and there was no evidence of an interaction between coating the fleece and the mineral supplement. Although the improvements in brightness and colour arising from coating the fleece complemented the predicted responses to genetic selection for these two traits, the combined effect would not be sufficient to replace the routine use of oxidative bleaching during processing.

AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PAIN THERAPY AFTER HYSTERECTOMY

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Rittenhouse ◽  
Manon Choinière
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Nursing Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Activity Costs

Objectives: To assess the economics of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) treatment versus regular intramuscular (IM) injections of opioid analgesia for pain management after hysterectomy.Methods: Cost-minimization analysis was used based on the comparable pain control results achieved in the two treatment groups. Observations were taken of treatment-related events with personnel (mostly nursing) time implications during the trial. Times were then associated with these events in an independent study of personnel activity. Costs were linked by using average wage rates for the various personnel for the Montreal area during the time of the study. Drug and material costs were hospital acquisition costs for all items. The cost of the PCA pump itself was not included in the analysis. Several analyses were performed to test the sensitivity of the results to various assumptions.Results: The results for total costs of the two therapies generally showed PCA to be more costly than regular IM injections despite no costs of the pump being included in the analyses. These results were robust with respect to changes in assumptions. Even when intentionally biasing the analysis against IM therapy, it was difficult to obtain results that favored PCA.Conclusions: Based upon the institutions and assumptions in this analysis, PCA offers no cost advantages over regular IM therapy in the pain management after hysterectomy. Regular IM injections provided less costly analgesia.

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