scholarly journals PSVII-19 Transcriptomic analysis of the liver of laying hens fed diets containing supplemental fat at early laying stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
Gi Ppeum Han ◽  
Geun Hyeon Park ◽  
Jong Hyuk Kim ◽  
Hyeon Seok Choi ◽  
Hwan Ku Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Supplemental Fat ◽  
Liver Tissues

Abstract Feeding diets containing supplemental fat to laying hens is reported to ameliorate pathogenesis of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). However, molecular mechanisms for this positive effect have not been investigated. Thus, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the liver of laying hens fed diets containing supplemental fat at early laying stages. Two dietary treatments included basal diets with no supplemental fat and basal diets supplemented with 3.0% tallow. A total of 256 18-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments. Diets were fed to hens for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment (30 weeks of age), 5 hens with similar BW per treatment were euthanized to collect liver tissues. The cDNA libraries were constructed with extracted RNA from the liver tissues, and sequenced using the Illumina Nextseq 500 sequencer. Genes with False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05 were defined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results indicated that a total of 951 DEGs were identified, with 483 being up-regulated and 468 being down-regulated in the liver of hens fed diets containing 3.0% tallow. The KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs belong to several biological pathways such as cellular signaling pathways, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, drug metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Especially for fatty acid metabolism, the DEGs associated with fatty acid degradation (ECI2, ACSL1, HADHA, EHHADH, ACOX1, CPT1) were up-regulated, whereas those related to fatty acid synthesis (ACACA, ACSL5, FASN) were down-regulated in the liver of hens fed diets containing 3.0% tallow, which indicates that supplemental fat in diets may increase fat oxidation but decrease fat synthesis in the liver. These results provide the molecular insights for hepatic lipid metabolisms by feeding diets containing supplemental fat to laying hens at early laying stages.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation (H3K4me3) and Its Involvement in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Sunflower Developing Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Raquel Martins-Noguerol ◽  
Cristina DeAndrés-Gil ◽  
Mónica Venegas-Calerón ◽  
Rosario Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Genome Wide

Histone modifications are of paramount importance during plant development. Investigating chromatin remodeling in developing oilseeds sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling fatty acid metabolism and facilitates the identification of new functional regions in oil crop genomes. The present study characterizes the epigenetic modifications H3K4me3 in relationship with the expression of fatty acid-related genes and transcription factors in developing sunflower seeds. Two master transcriptional regulators identified in this analysis, VIV1 (homologous to Arabidopsis ABI3) and FUS3, cooperate in the regulation of WRINKLED 1, a transcriptional factor regulating glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis in developing oilseeds.

scholarly journals Integrative iTRAQ-based proteomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the accumulation patterns of key metabolites associated with oil quality during seed ripening of Camellia oleifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouchen Ye ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Wuping Yan ◽  
Junfeng Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Specific Expression

AbstractCamellia oleifera (C. oleifera) is one of the four major woody oil-bearing crops in the world and has relatively high ecological, economic, and medicinal value. Its seeds undergo a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes during ripening, which is mainly manifested as the accumulation and transformation of certain metabolites closely related to oil quality, especially flavonoids and fatty acids. To obtain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms, a parallel analysis of the transcriptome and proteome profiles of C. oleifera seeds at different maturity levels was conducted using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) complemented with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data. A total of 16,530 transcripts and 1228 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in pairwise comparisons of samples at various developmental stages. Among these, 317 were coexpressed with a poor correlation, and most were involved in metabolic processes, including fatty acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. In addition, the content of total flavonoids decreased gradually with seed maturity, and the levels of fatty acids generally peaked at the fat accumulation stage; these results basically agreed with the regulation patterns of genes or proteins in the corresponding pathways. The expression levels of proteins annotated as upstream candidates of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) as well as their cognate transcripts were positively correlated with the variation in the flavonoid content, while shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT)-encoding genes had the opposite pattern. The increase in the abundance of proteins and mRNAs corresponding to alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was associated with a reduction in linoleic acid synthesis. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we further identified six unique modules related to flavonoid, oil, and fatty acid anabolism that contained hub genes or proteins similar to transcription factors (TFs), such as MADS intervening keratin-like and C-terminal (MIKC_MADS), type-B authentic response regulator (ARR-B), and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH). Finally, based on the known metabolic pathways and WGCNA combined with the correlation analysis, five coexpressed transcripts and proteins composed of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenases (CADs), caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT), flavonol synthase (FLS), and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) were screened out. With this exploratory multiomics dataset, our results presented a dynamic picture regarding the maturation process of C. oleifera seeds on Hainan Island, not only revealing the temporal specific expression of key candidate genes and proteins but also providing a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of this tree species.

FC 102PD INDUCED ARTERIOLAR AND PERITONEAL PATHOMECHANISMS ARE PARTIALLY REVERSED AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conghui Zhang ◽  
Maria Bartosova ◽  
Betti Schaefer ◽  
Rebecca Herzog ◽  
Rimante Cerkauskiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Parietal Peritoneum ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Background and Aims Due to the unphysiological composition of PD fluids, chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) induces progressive peritoneal fibrosis, hypervascularization, and vasculopathy. The evolution of the PD membrane and vasculopathy following kidney transplantation (KTx) is largely unknown. Method Arteriolar and peritoneal tissues were obtained from 107 children with chronic kidney disease (CKD5), 72 children on PD (treated with neutral pH PD fluids, with low glucose degradation product content, GDP) and 21 children, who underwent KTx 4-5 weeks after a median 21 months of PD. Specimen underwent standardized digital quantitative histomorphometry. Molecular mechanisms were studied in omental arterioles microdissected from surrounding fat by multi-omics followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA); key findings were validated in parietal tissues of independent, matched cohorts by quantitative immunohistochemistry (n=15/group). Results Arteriolar transcriptome and proteome GSEA revealed suppression of leucocyte migration and T-cell activation / secretory pathways regulation, of sprouting angiogenesis biological processes and of epithelial proliferation and cell cycle after KTx as compared to PD. Lipid / fatty acid metabolism, autophagy and ATP synthesis pathways were activated. Transcriptome analysis including KTx, PD and CKD5 specifically attributed regulation of arteriolar lipid and fatty acid metabolism to transplantation and comprised 140 transcripts; their regulation was confirmed on the proteome level. Hub gene fatty acid synthase was identified by protein interaction analysis (string-db.org). 15 arteriolar genes activated by PD were inactivated after KTx and included glucose metabolisms and cytoskeleton related transcripts. 24 transcripts and 10 corresponding proteins induced by PD were still active after KTx and associated with biological processes related to TGF-ß signaling, fibrosis and mineral absorption. In line with arteriolar multi-omics findings, peritoneal hypervascularization induced by chronic PD was reversed after Tx to CKD5 level. CD45 positive tissue infiltrating leucocytes count was reduced by 40% and was independently associated with microvessel density in multivariable analysis including PD vintage, daily GDP exposure and recent KTx. Peritoneal lymphatic vessel density, submesothelial thickness, activated fibroblast, fibrin deposit, macrophage and EMT cell counts remained unchanged after KTx compared to PD. Arteriolar lumen to vessel ratios (a marker of vasculopathy) were similar in both groups. Vessel-homeostasis-related proteins in independent, matched cohorts demonstrated increased caspase-3 abundance in peritoneal arterioles after KTx. Arteriolar VEGF-A, thrombospondin, angiopoietin1/2, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1a) were unchanged, while submesothelial HIF-1a and angiopoietin1/2 were decreased after Tx, favoring vessel maturation. The abundance of the key driver of fibrosis, TGF-ß-effector pSMAD2/3, was unchanged in the peritoneum and arterioles after Tx. Conclusion Our multi-omics analyses of fat covered omental arterioles, not directly exposed to PD fluids, demonstrate inhibition of PD induced immune response and angiogenesis pathways, of glucose metabolism and cytoskeleton regulation to levels similar as seen in children with CKD5. Arteriolar lipid and fatty acid metabolism is selectively altered after KTx. Reversal of low GDP PD induced hypervascularization and inflammation of the parietal peritoneum after KTx, mirror molecular changes in omental arterioles, while profibrotic activity persists after KTx in omental arterioles and in the parietal peritoneum.

miR-497 regulates fatty acid synthesis via LATS2 in bovine mammary epithelial cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 8625-8636
Author(s):  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Shuangfeng Chu ◽  
Yusheng Liang ◽  
Tianle Xu ◽  
Yujia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fat Synthesis

Both mRNA and miRNA play an important role in the regulation of mammary fatty acid metabolism and milk fat synthesis.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of global ischemia and cardioprotection in the rabbit heart

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCully ◽  
Monoj K. Bhasin ◽  
Christian Daly ◽  
Manuel C. Guerrero ◽  
Simon Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Global Ischemia ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Involuntary Muscle Contraction ◽  
Surgically Induced

Cardioplegia is used to partially alleviate the effects of surgically induced global ischemia injury; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this cardioprotection remain to be elucidated. To improve the understanding of the molecular processes modulating the effects of global ischemia and the cardioprotection afforded by cardioplegia, we constructed rabbit heart cDNA libraries and isolated, sequenced, and identified a compendium of nonredundant cDNAs for use in transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. New Zealand White rabbits were used to compare the effects of global ischemia and cardioplegia compared with control (nonischemic) hearts. The effects of RNA and protein synthesis on the cardioprotection afforded by cardioplegia were investigated separately by preperfusion with either α-amanitin or cycloheximide. Our results demonstrate that cardioplegia partially ameliorates the effects of global ischemia and that the cardioprotection is modulated by RNA- and protein-dependent mechanisms. Transcriptomic and proteomic enrichment analyses indicated that global ischemia downregulated genes/proteins associated with mitochondrial function and energy production, cofactor catabolism, and the generation of precursor metabolites of energy. In contrast, cardioplegia significantly increased differentially expressed genes/proteins associated with the mitochondrion and mitochondrial function and significantly upregulated the biological processes of muscle contraction, involuntary muscle contraction, carboxylic acid and fatty acid catabolic processes, fatty acid β-oxidation, and fatty acid metabolic processes.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis Gene Cluster Involved in Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Barabesi ◽  
Alessandro Galizzi ◽  
Giorgio Mastromei ◽  
Mila Rossi ◽  
Elena Tamburini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Calcium carbonate precipitation, a widespread phenomenon among bacteria, has been investigated due to its wide range of scientific and technological implications. Nevertheless, little is known of the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria foster calcium carbonate mineralization. In our laboratory, we are studying calcite formation by Bacillus subtilis, in order to identify genes involved in the biomineralization process. A previous screening of UV mutants and of more than one thousand mutants obtained from the European B. subtilis Functional Analysis project allowed us to isolate strains altered in the precipitation phenotype. Starting from these results, we focused our attention on a cluster of five genes (lcfA, ysiA, ysiB, etfB, and etfA) called the lcfA operon. By insertional mutagenesis, mutant strains carrying each of the five genes were produced. All of them, with the exception of the strain carrying the mutated lcfA operon, were unable to form calcite crystals. By placing transcription under IPTG (isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside) control, the last gene, etfA, was identified as essential for the precipitation process. To verify cotranscription in the lcfA operon, reverse transcription-PCR experiments were performed and overlapping retrocotranscripts were found comprising three adjacent genes. The genes have putative functions linked to fatty acid metabolism. A link between calcium precipitation and fatty acid metabolism is suggested.

scholarly journals Regulation of Hepatic MicroRNAs in Response to Early Stage Echinococcus multilocularis Egg Infection in C57BL/6 mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghalia Boubaker ◽  
Sebastian Strempel ◽  
Andrew Hemphill ◽  
Norbert Müller ◽  
Junhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Infected Liver ◽  
Liver Tissues

AbstractIn this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the hepatic miRNA transcriptome in mice suffering from experimental primary alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a parasitic infection caused upon ingestion of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) eggs. At one month post-infection, infected C57BL/6 mice, along with non-infected control mice, were euthanized. Subsequently livers were collected and used for small RNA library preparation and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The most significantly dysregulated hepatic miRNAs were validated by Stem-loop RT-qPCR. We identified 28 miRNAs with significantly altered expression levels upon infection with E. multilocularis. Of these, 9 were up-regulated (fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5) and 19 were down-regulated (FC ≤ 0.66) as compared to the non-infected controls. In infected liver tissues, mmu-miR-148a-3p and mmu-miR-101b-3p were 8- and 6-fold down-regulated, respectively, and the expression of mmu-miR-22-3p was reduced by 50%, compared to non-infected liver tissue. Conversely, significantly higher hepatic levels were noted for Mus musculus (mmu)-miR-21a-5p (FC = 2.3) and mmu-miR-122-5p (FC = 1.8). Down-regulated miRNAs were highly enriched in Reactome and KEGG pathways of angiogenesis and fatty acids biosynthesis. Moreover, relative mRNA expression levels of three pro-angiogenic (VEGFA, MTOR and HIF1-α) and two lipogenic (FASN and ACSL1) genes were significantly higher in livers of E. multilocularis infected mice. Lastly, we studied the issue related to functionally mature arm selection preference (5p and/or 3p) from the miRNA precursor and showed that 9 pre-miRNAs exhibited different arm selection preferences in normal versus infected liver tissues. Our study provides first evidence of miRNA involvement in liver pathogenesis during AE. Our future research will focus on the characterization of miRNA transcriptome patterns in more advanced AE-stages towards the assessment of microRNA therapy for AE, and experimentally address functional characteristics of selected features presently found.Author SummaryVarious infectious diseases in humans have been associated with altered expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in negative regulation of gene expression. Herein, we revealed that significant alterations of miRNA expression occurred in murine liver subsequently to experimental infection with Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) eggs when compared to non-infected controls. At the early stage of murine AE, hepatic miRNAs were mainly downregulated. Respective target genes of the most extensively downregulated miRNAs were involved in angiogenesis and fatty acid synthesis. Indeed, angiogenic and lipogenic genes were found to be significantly higher expressed in E. multilocularis infected livers relative to non-infected controls. These boosted cellular pathways are advantageous for development of the E. multilocularis metacestodes, since this larval stage is not able to undertake de novo fatty acid synthesis, and angiogenesis allows the larvae to be periparasitically supplied by oxygen and nutrients and to get rid of waste products. More research on the miRNA transcriptome at more advanced infection-stages, and on the role of angiogenesis in E. multilocularis larval growth and metastasis, is required to assess the usefulness of microRNA- and anti-angiogenic therapies against E. multilocularis infection.

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