Mother and Father Controlling Feeding Behaviors and Associations With Observed Mealtime Family Functioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1174-1183
Author(s):  
Sarah C Westen ◽  
Tarrah B Mitchell ◽  
Sarah Mayer-Brown ◽  
Alana Resmini Rawlinson ◽  
Ke Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Abstract Objective Mealtime family functioning is important in shaping health behaviors associated with overweight/obesity, particularly for preschool-aged children. Parental controlling feeding behaviors (i.e., restriction and pressure to eat), may impact mealtime family functioning and thus be targets of prevention and intervention efforts. The current study aimed to address literature gaps by examining both mother and father self-reports of controlling feeding behaviors, and the discrepancies between parents’ reports. Further, the study examined the associations among controlling feeding behaviors and objective mealtime family functioning in a community sample of preschool-aged children. Methods The sample included 27 children between 2 and 6 years of age and their immediate family members. Two mealtimes were videotaped for each family and coded for family functioning using the Mealtime Interaction Coding System, and self-reports of feeding practices were collected using the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Results Mother controlling feeding behaviors were not significantly related to any mealtime family functioning domain. Father controlling feeding behaviors were only significantly related to interpersonal involvement. However, discrepancies in the use of controlling feeding behaviors accounted for nearly one fourth of the variance in overall family functioning and affect management, with greater discrepancies being related to poorer family functioning. Conclusions Interventions may be designed to reduce parental discrepancies in the use of controlling feeding behaviors. Future research should consider longitudinal design, using larger, more representative samples, to better understand the impact of parental controlling feeding behaviors, particularly the impact of parental discrepancies in these areas, on mealtime family functioning and subsequent health outcomes.

Life events and changes in the course of depression in young adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Friis ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽  
Hildegard Pfister ◽  
Roselind Lieb
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Course Of Depression ◽  
New Onset

SummaryBackground.Few community-based studies have examined the impact of life events, life conditions and life changes on the course of depression. This paper examines associations of life events on depressive symptom onset, improvement, and stability.Methods.Direct interview data from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), a 4–5 year prospective-longitudinal design based on a representative community sample of adolescents and young adults, aged 14–24 years at baseline, are used. Life events were measured using the Munich Event-Questionnaire (MEL) consisting of 83 explicit items from various social role areas and subscales for the assessment of life event clusters categorized according to dimensions such as positive and negative and controllable and uncontrollable. Depressive disorders were assessed with the DSM-IV version of the Munich Composite Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). Multiple logistic regression analyses examined the effects of 22 predictors on the course of depression (onset, improvement, stability).Results.Younger age, low social class, negative and stressful life events linked to the family were associated with increased risk of new onset of depression. Anxiety was a significant independent predictor of new onset of depression. Absence of stressful school and family events was related to improvement in depression. The weighted total number of life events predicted stable depression.Conclusions.The association between life events and the course of depression appears to vary according to the outcome being examined, with different clusters of life events differentially predicting onset, improvement, and stability.

scholarly journals Development of an Observational Parental Scaffolding Measure for Youth with Spina Bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien M Winning ◽  
Colleen Stiles-Shields ◽  
Colleen F Bechtel Driscoll ◽  
Diana M Ohanian ◽  
Autumn N Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Family Interaction ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Parental Scaffolding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To examine the reliability and validity of a new observational measure of parental scaffolding, as well as the impact of parental scaffolding on academic and social outcomes among youth with spina bifida (SB). Methods As part of a larger study, 137 families of youth with SB participated in family interaction tasks and self-report questionnaires at the baseline assessment. Teachers also reported on youth’s academic independence and competence, as well as social skills. Guided by previous research and theoretical formulations, a rational approach to measure development was employed whereby maternal and paternal scaffolding composites were created using the Family Interaction Macro-coding System (Holmbeck, Zebracki, Johnson, Belvedere, & Hommeyer (2007). Parent-child interaction macro-coding manual. Unpublished coding system. Chicago: Loyola University Chicago). Results The scaffolding measure demonstrated acceptable interrater and scale reliabilities. Additionally, both the maternal and paternal scaffolding composites were significantly associated with scores from self-report questionnaires of parenting behaviors in the expected directions. Maternal scaffolding was positively associated with IQ, academic competence, academic independence, and social self-control in youth with SB, whereas paternal scaffolding was positively associated with social cooperation and social self-control. Differences in scaffolding emerged between mothers and fathers, as well as across demographic variables. Conclusion Initial findings support the use of the scaffolding measure. Future research should continue to examine the utility of this scaffolding measure in families of youth with SB.

scholarly journals Residential Grief Camps: An Initial Phenomenological Study of Staff Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Brown ◽  
Thomas Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children's Grief

Research has focused primarily on the impact of death on family functioning and the stages and tasks of grief, though little attention has been given to grief camps or the experiences of those who work there. This study explored the experiences of staff at a four-day overnight children’s grief camp. Eight participants reported their experience of camp in two major categories: connection to others and independence in grief and five themes. Camp provides the opportunity for campers to connect to others while finding their own path to healing. Clinical implications and future research directions are also discussed.

Anxiety and Depression in Patients Receiving Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Longitudinal Investigation

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Hegel ◽  
Lori E. Griegel ◽  
Carolyn Black ◽  
Lisa Goulden ◽  
Tomas Ozahowski
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Shock Onset ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has dramatically improved survival rates following sudden cardiac death episodes. However, researchers have devoted little attention to the psychosocial consequences of living with the device. The current study used a longitudinal design to evaluate the impact of adaptation to the ICD on incidence and severity of anxiety and depression. Method: ICD recipients were administered standardized anxiety and depression questionnaires as well as questions evaluating quality of life related to the ICD in two consecutive yearly assessments. A preliminary evaluation of potentially important theoretical variables, such as the perceived predictability and controllability of shock onset was also conducted. Results: One-third of the study population ( N = 38) had clinically significant levels of anxiety, depressed mood, and fear of symptoms of autonomic arousal. These negative affective states persisted over time, with 40 to 63 percent of subjects continuing to have ongoing difficulties over a one-year time period. Anxiety about the ICD firing was closely associated with the occurrence of depression, while avoidance of activities was associated with anxiety. “Worry” about the ICD and a belief that ICD firing can be predicted were associated with anxiety sensitivity. Conclusions: Depressive and anxiety states in ICD recipients may be frequent, clinically significant, and resistant to spontaneous resolution. Early signs of anxiety and depression in ICD recipients should be evaluated. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Significant Others in Motivational Enhancement Therapy: Findings from Project MATCH

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Manuel ◽  
Jon M. Houck ◽  
Theresa B. Moyers
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Motivational Enhancement ◽  
The Impact

Background: Social network support for abstinence has been associated with improved treatment outcomes among samples of individuals with alcohol use disorders. As a result, research studies have focused on the inclusion of significant others (SOs) in the treatment process. Nonetheless, little is known about 1) the specific influence SOs may have on clients during treatment sessions or 2) whether SO within-session behaviors have any relationship to client post-treatment drinking. Method: In the current study, Motivational Enhancement Therapy sessions in which a SO was present were coded using a behavioral coding system designed to measure SO and client within-session language. Results: Relationships were observed between SO and client within-session language. Furthermore, some specific SO categories of language predicted post-treatment client drinking. Conclusions: This study is the first systematic evaluation of SO contributions in substance abuse treatment sessions. Future research examining SO language in the treatment of alcohol use disorders might allow clinicians to avoid contributions from SOs that are associated with poorer drinking outcomes.

Commitment to change

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1090
Author(s):  
Cailing Feng ◽  
Mulyadi Robin ◽  
Lisan Fan ◽  
Xiaoyu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Commitment To Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Important Extension ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Commitment to change is vital for the success of any organizational change initiative. However, despite a sustained increase in research interest on employees’ commitment to change, there is still no consistency about the unidimensional or multi-dimensional construct of commitment to change, and previous research tends to ignore the impact vocational drivers may have on it. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on prospect theory, the authors extended Herscovitch and Meyer’s (2002) commitment to change construct by developing and testing an additional dimension of commitment to change centered on employees’ vocational commitment across two studies, adopting a longitudinal design within a Chinese context. As organizational change often has implications that impacts individual decision making, vocational development and work adjustments and attitudes within the workplace, the authors presented the case for vocational commitment to change as an important extension to the commitment to change literature. The authors first provided evidence for the internal consistency, factor structure and the validity of the commitment to change in the Chinese context. Subsequently, the authors examined the changes of employees’ commitment to change across time, and demonstrated its predictive validity by exploring the relationship between commitment to change and change-related behaviors. Findings The current research represents improvements in commitment to change measurement, provides construct clarification in the Asia context, and sheds light on theoretical and empirical evidence for how to support change in the Chinese context. Limitations, implications and directions for future research are further discussed. Originality/value The current study responds to a call for research to further investigate the mechanisms of commitment to change within non-Western contexts, specifically within the Chinese context. Through a rigorous scale development process, the authors clarified Herscovitch and Meyer’s (2002) commitment to change model and present an augmented model with a fourth dimension –vocational commitment to change. Furthermore, through a longitudinal study, the current study also demonstrates that the cultivation of commitment to change has great importance to improving employees’ change-supportive behavior and reducing their resistance to change. This is consistent with cross-cultural research, which shows that Chinese individuals are more likely to possess inconsistent attitudes toward an object, including themselves, compared to Western individuals (Spencer-Rodgers et al., 2004). The study also explained the change of commitment to change over time, showing the significant relationships among the commitment to change and change-related behaviors.

scholarly journals Parent and Family Functioning in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Grace Cushman ◽  
Sharon Shih ◽  
Bonney Reed
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Although the impact of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) extends beyond the patient to their parents and families, the focus of previous literature has largely been on investigating the patient’s medical and psychosocial functioning, with less consideration of the family system. Having a comprehensive understanding of parent and family functioning within the context of pediatric IBD is important given the role parents and family members have in the successful management of the disease and caring of the child. The current review paper aggregates the empirical research regarding parent and family functioning, including comparisons to normative samples, other illness groups, and how functioning relates to child psychosocial and health outcomes. Extant literature on parents and families in pediatric IBD has largely focused on the variables of parenting stress, parent psychosocial functioning, parent quality of life, and family functioning. Summary findings elucidate the complex relationships between parents, families, and children affected by IBD and highlight the importance of assessing parent and family functioning within pediatric IBD. The current review also offers implications for clinical practice, notes the limitations of the present literature, and provides recommendations for future research.

Pathways from child maltreatment to internalizing problems: Perceptions of control as mediators and moderators

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
KERRY E. BOLGER ◽  
CHARLOTTE J. PATTERSON
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
External Control ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Using a prospective longitudinal design, we examined internalizing problems and perceptions of control in a community sample of 785 children, 59 of whom had been maltreated. Children's internalizing problems and perceptions of control were measured via self-report at annual assessments in third grade through seventh grade (modal ages 9–13 years). Children's experiences of multiple types of maltreatment were rated based on social service records, using a standard coding system. Results of longitudinal analyses examining the roles of specific types of maltreatment (neglect, harsh parenting, and sexual abuse) revealed that neglect and sexual abuse were each associated with more internalizing problems, especially among children who experienced both these maltreatment types. Neglected children reported higher levels of perceived external control than other children did. Sexual abuse was associated with higher levels of perceived external control, but only among children who had also been neglected. Results of mediation analyses showed that higher levels of perceived external control accounted substantially for associations between specific maltreatment types and children's internalizing problems. Results of moderator analyses revealed that, among maltreated children, greater perceived internal control predicted fewer internalizing problems, suggesting that perceived internal control functioned as a protective factor. Children maltreated early in life were less likely to have this protective characteristic. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the developmental consequences of specific and co-occurring types of maltreatment.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Pengaruh Lintas Budaya Pada Pemasaran Internasional Dengan Pendekatan Perilaku Konsumen

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Endy Gunanto ◽  
Yenni Kurnia Gusti
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
The Impact

In this article we present a conceptual of the effect of cross culture on consumer behavior incorporating the impact of globalization. This conceptual idea shows that culture inûuences various domains of consumer behavior directly as well as through international organization to implement marketing strategy. The conceptual identify several factors such as norm and value in the community, several variables and also depicts the impact of other environmental factors and marketing strategy elements on consumer behavior. We also identify categories of consumer culture orientation resulting from globalization. Highlights of each of the several other articles included in this special issue in Asia region. We conclude with the contributions of the articles in terms of the consumer cultural orientations and identify directions for future research.

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