Signal transduction networks during stress combination

Abstract Episodes of heat waves combined with drought can have a devastating impact on agricultural production worldwide. These conditions, as well as many other types of stress combinations, impose unique physiological and developmental demands on plants and require the activation of dedicated pathways. Here, we review recent RNA sequencing studies of stress combination in plants, and conduct a meta-analysis of the transcriptome response of plants to different types of stress combination. Our analysis reveals that each different stress combination is accompanied by its own set of stress combination-specific transcripts, and that the response of different transcription factor families is unique to each stress combination. The alarming rate of increase in global temperatures, coupled with the predicted increase in future episodes of extreme weather, highlight an urgent need to develop crop plants with enhanced tolerance to stress combination. The uniqueness and complexity of the physiological and molecular response of plants to each different stress combination, highlighted here, demonstrate the daunting challenge we face in accomplishing this goal. Dedicated efforts combining field experimentation, omics, and network analyses, coupled with advanced phenotyping and breeding methods, will be needed to address specific crops and particular stress combinations relevant to maintaining our future food chain secured.

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Clinical Identification of Dysregulated Circulating microRNAs and Their Implication in Drug Response in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) by Target Gene Network and Meta-Analysis

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 549

Author(s):

Amal Qattan ◽

Taher Al-Tweigeri ◽

Wafa Alkhayal ◽

Kausar Suleman ◽

Asma Tulbah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽

Drug Response ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Persistent Problem ◽

Network Analyses

Resistance to therapy is a persistent problem that leads to mortality in breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MiRNAs have become a focus of investigation as tissue-specific regulators of gene networks related to drug resistance. Circulating miRNAs are readily accessible non-invasive potential biomarkers for TNBC diagnosis, prognosis, and drug-response. Our aim was to use systems biology, meta-analysis, and network approaches to delineate the drug resistance pathways and clinical outcomes associated with circulating miRNAs in TNBC patients. MiRNA expression analysis was used to investigate differentially regulated circulating miRNAs in TNBC patients, and integrated pathway regulation, gene ontology, and pharmacogenomic network analyses were used to identify target genes, miRNAs, and drug interaction networks. Herein, we identified significant differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in TNBC patients (miR-19a/b-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-199a-3p) that regulate several molecular pathways (PAM (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), HIF-1, TNF, FoxO, Wnt, and JAK/STAT, PD-1/PD-L1 pathways and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance (TKIs)) involved in drug resistance. Through meta-analysis, we demonstrated an association of upregulated miR-93, miR-210, miR-19a, and miR-19b with poor overall survival outcomes in TNBC patients. These results identify miRNA-regulated mechanisms of drug resistance and potential targets for combination with chemotherapy to overcome drug resistance in TNBC. We demonstrate that integrated analysis of multi-dimensional data can unravel mechanisms of drug-resistance related to circulating miRNAs, particularly in TNBC. These circulating miRNAs may be useful as markers of drug response and resistance in the guidance of personalized medicine for TNBC.

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Association between ambient temperature and heat waves with mortality in South Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2020.106170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 106170

Author(s):

Asya Dimitrova ◽

Vijendra Ingole ◽

Xavier Basagaña ◽

Otavio Ranzani ◽

Carles Milà ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

South Asia ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Meta Analysis

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Meta-Analysis of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events from Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13071643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1643

Author(s):

Prahathishree Mohanavelu ◽

Mira Mutnick ◽

Nidhi Mehra ◽

Brandon White ◽

Sparsh Kudrimoti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Kinase Inhibitors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Molecular Response ◽

Gastrointestinal Adverse Events

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the frontline therapy for BCR-ABL (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A systematic meta-analysis of 43 peer-reviewed studies with 10,769 CML patients compared the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (GI AEs) in a large heterogeneous CML population as a function of TKI type. Incidence and severity of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were assessed for imatinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and nilotinib. Examination of combined TKI average GI AE incidence found diarrhea most prevalent (22.5%), followed by nausea (20.6%), and vomiting (12.9%). Other TKI GI AEs included constipation (9.2%), abdominal pain (7.6%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (3.5%), and pancreatitis (2.2%). Mean GI AE incidence was significantly different between TKIs (p < 0.001): bosutinib (52.9%), imatinib (24.2%), dasatinib (20.4%), and nilotinib (9.1%). Diarrhea was the most prevalent GI AE with bosutinib (79.2%) and dasatinib (28.1%), whereas nausea was most prevalent with imatinib (33.0%) and nilotinib (13.2%). Incidence of grade 3 or 4 severe GI AEs was ≤3% except severe diarrhea with bosutinib (9.5%). Unsupervised clustering revealed treatment efficacy measured by the complete cytogenetic response, major molecular response, and overall survival is driven most by disease severity, not TKI type. For patients with chronic phase CML without resistance, optimal TKI selection should consider TKI AE profile, comorbidities, and lifestyle.

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Incidence and trend of preterm birth in China, 1990–2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e039303

Author(s):

Shiwen Jing ◽

Chang Chen ◽

Yuexin Gan ◽

Joshua Vogel ◽

Jun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Birth Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Northwest China ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Preterm Birth Rate

ObjectivesTo update the WHO estimate of preterm birth rate in China in 1990–2016 and to further explore variations by geographic regions and years of occurrence.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Sinomed databases were searched from 1990 to 2018.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they provided preterm birth data with at least 500 total births. Reviews, case–control studies, intervention studies and studies with insufficient information or published before 1990 were excluded. We estimated pooled incidence of preterm birth by a random effects model, and preterm birth rate in different year, region and by livebirths or all births in subgroup analyses.ResultsOur search identified 3945 records. After the removal of duplicates and screening of titles and abstracts, we reviewed 254 studies in full text and excluded 182, leaving 72 new studies. They were combined with the 82 studies included in the WHO report (154 studies, 187 data sets in total for the meta-analysis), including 24 039 084 births from 1990 to 2016. The pooled incidence of preterm birth in China was 6.09% (95% CI 5.86% to 6.31%) but has been steadily increasing from 5.36% (95% CI 4.89% to 5.84%) in 1990–1994 to 7.04% (95% CI 6.09% to 7.99%) in 2015–2016. The annual rate of increase was about 1.05% (95% CI 0.85% to 1.21%). Northwest China appeared to have the highest preterm birth rate (7.3%, 95% CI 4.92% to 9.68% from 1990 to 2016).ConclusionsThe incidence of preterm birth in China has been rising gradually in the past three decades. It was 7% in 2016. Preterm birth rate varied by region with the West having the highest occurrence.

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Meta-Analysis of Salt Stress Transcriptome Responses in Different Rice Genotypes at the Seedling Stage

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8030064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 64 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Weilong Kong ◽

Hua Zhong ◽

Ziyun Gong ◽

Xinyi Fang ◽

Tong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Calvin Cycle ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Molecular Response ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Rice Genotypes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops worldwide, while its growth and productivity are threatened by various abiotic stresses, especially salt stress. Unraveling how rice adapts to salt stress at the transcription level is vital. It can provide valuable information on enhancing the salt stress tolerance performance of rice via genetic engineering technologies. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of different rice genotypes at the seedling stage based on 96 public microarray datasets, aiming to identify the key salt-responsive genes and understand the molecular response mechanism of rice under salt stress. In total, 5559 genes were identified to be differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under salt stress, and 3210 DEGs were identified during the recovery process. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment results revealed that the salt-response mechanisms of shoots and roots were different. A close-knit signaling network, consisting of the Ca2+ signal transduction pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, multiple hormone signals, transcription factors (TFs), transcriptional regulators (TRs), protein kinases (PKs), and other crucial functional proteins, plays an essential role in rice salt stress response. In this study, many unreported salt-responsive genes were found. Besides this, MapMan results suggested that TNG67 can shift to the fermentation pathway to produce energy under salt stress and may enhance the Calvin cycle to repair a damaged photosystem during the recovery stage. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the salt stress molecular response and introduce numerous candidate genes for rice salt stress tolerance breeding.

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MASS: meta-analysis of score statistics for sequencing studies

Bioinformatics ◽

10.1093/bioinformatics/btt280 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (14) ◽

pp. 1803-1805 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Z.-Z. Tang ◽

D.-Y. Lin

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Score Statistics ◽

Sequencing Studies

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Outcomes with Interferon in Essential Thrombocythemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2021-145675 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 3147-3147

Author(s):

Moazzam Shahzad ◽

Mamoon Ahmed ◽

Sakina Abbas ◽

Muhammad Arslan ◽

Tooba Kashif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Interferon Alpha ◽

Essential Thrombocythemia ◽

Research Funding ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Molecular Response ◽

Publicly Traded ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Hematological Response

Abstract Introduction Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative disorder characterized by high burden of symptoms, thrombocytosis, increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding, and risk of progression to Myelofibrosis. Interferon alpha (IFN-α) is a potent immunomodulation agent proposed to be capable of inducing complete hematological remission in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Many INF- α have been studied for treatment of patients with ET. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the efficacy of IFN-α therapy in patients with ET. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, and Clinical trials.gov using MeSH terms and keywords for " Thrombocythemia, Essential " AND " Interferons " in April 2021. We did not place any time constraints. Our search produced a total of 825 records and duplicates were removed. After screening and removing irrelevant and review articles, we included 21 original articles reporting IFN-α as the only treatment for ET in adult patients. The data were collected for baseline characteristics of the participants and efficacy and safety of the intervention. Quality evaluation was done using the NIH quality assessment tool. The inter-study variance was calculated using the Der Simonian-Laird Estimator. Proportions along with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were extracted to compute pooled analysis using the 'meta' package by Schwarzer et al. in the R programming language (version 4.16-2). Results A total of 388 patients from 21 articles were evaluated. The median age of participants was 54 (35-62) years and 31% (n=64/205) were males. The type of IFN used were Interferon-alpha in 4 studies, pegylated (PEG)IFN-α-2a in 2 studies, IFN-α-2b in 6 studies, recombinant IFN-α-2C in 3 studies, recombinant IFN-y in 1 study, PEG-IFN-2b in 1 study, recombinant IFN-2b in 2 studies, and PEG-IFN in 1 study. The pooled overall hematological response (OHR) was 86.4% (95% Cl 0.67-0.98, I 2= 65%, p=0.02, n=73) with complete hematological response (CHR) of 70.6% (95% Cl 0.54-0.84, I 2=34%, p=0.21, n=65) and partial hematological response (PHR) of 13% (95% Cl 0.02-0.27, I 2=42%, p=0.16, n=65). The pooled overall molecular response (OMR) was 84% (95% Cl 0.72-0.93, I 2=13%, p=<0.01, n=81) with complete molecular response (CMR) of 64.2% (95% Cl 0.41-0.84, I 2=68%, p=<0.01, n=81) and partial molecular response (PMR) of 35% (95% Cl 0.16-0.56, I 2=33%, p=0.01, n=43). Side effects reported were nausea, allergic reactions, liver dysfunction, dose dependent mild myalgia, fever, malaise, itching, persistent fever, headache, and flu like symptoms. Conclusion Interferon alpha, in different formulations shows consistent and high activity in patients with essential thrombocythemia. It resulted in clinical responses, as well as molecular responses. Side effect profiles were consistent among different reports and were reasonable tolerated. There is a large body of evidence supporting actively and safety of this approach in a diverse ET patient population. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures McGuirk: Gamida Cell: Research Funding; Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Magenta Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Kite/ Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel accommodations, expense, Kite a Gilead company, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astelllas Pharma: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Allovir: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Fresenius Biotech: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; EcoR1 Capital: Consultancy; Pluristem Therapeutics: Research Funding. Yacoub: Dynavex: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Cara: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Ardelyx: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Agios: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; ACCELERON PHARMA: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CTI Biopharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Hylapharm: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company.

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The Role of the Newer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors As First Line Treatment in Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia – an Updated Meta-Analysis

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v124.21.4563.4563 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 124 (21) ◽

pp. 4563-4563

Author(s):

Ronit Gurion ◽

Liat Vidal ◽

Avi Leader ◽

Pia Raanani ◽

Anat Gafter-Gvili

Keyword(s):

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Molecular Response ◽

Line Treatment ◽

First Line ◽

Time Points ◽

Grade 3 ◽

First Line Treatment

Abstract Background: Imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib are all considered first line treatment in chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. The choice of the most suitable tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for an individual patient is influenced by multiple factors including disease characteristics, patient comorbidities and preferences, as well as each TKI's unique profile of adverse events. A meta-analysis of second generation TKIs as first line treatment for patients with CML was published by our group in 2011. In view of the recently published long term results of three of the trials included in the previous meta-analysis and data from two new trials, we decided to update our data. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of different TKIs as first line treatment for patients with CML. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing first line treatment with the newer TKIs (nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib) to imatinib in patients with CP-CML. The MEDLINE, conference proceedings and references were searched until August 2014. Two reviewers appraised the quality of trials and extracted data. The following outcomes were assessed: complete cytogenetic response (CCyR); major molecular response (MMR); complete molecular response (CMR), defined as a 4.5 log reduction in BCR-ABL transcripts; early molecular response, defined as BCR-ABL transcript levels of 10% or less at 3 months; progression to accelerated phase (AP) / blastic crisis (BC); all-cause mortality (ACM) and toxicity. Relative risks (RR) were estimated and pooled. Random-effect model was used in all analysis. Results: Our search yielded six trials including 2,426 patients. These trials compared the effects of nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib or ponatinib to imatinib. Data from the six trials were available for analysis of MMR. Treatment with the newer TKIs significantly improved MMR at all-time points (3, 12, 18, 24 and 48 months) compared to imatinib (Table 1). Of note, the newer TKIs significantly increased the rate of CMR compared to imatinib at 12 months (RR 2.68, 95% CI 1.64-4.36, 5 trials, figure 1) and at 24 months (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.62-2.57, 3 trials). Moreover, there was a statistically significant advantage in favor of the newer TKIs as compared to imatinib in terms of early molecular response at 3 months (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27-1.41, 5 trials). Importantly, progression rate to AP/BC at 24 months was significantly lower with the newer TKIs in comparison with imatinib (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20-0.61, 4 trials). However there was no difference in ACM (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.46-1.15, 4 trials). We conducted a meta-analysis for specific adverse events according to the distinct toxicity profile of the different TKIs. Severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease occurs more frequently in the newer TKIs arm (i.e. nilotinib and ponatinib) (RR 8.13, 95% CI 1.51-43.83, 2 trials) than in the imatinib arm. In addition, pleural effusion requiring discontinuation occurs at a higher rate in the newer TKIs arm (RR 4.61, 95% CI 1.31-16.23, 4 trials; dasatinib and bosutinib vs. imatinib). Regarding hematologic toxicity including grade 3-4 anemia and neutropenia, there was no difference between the two arms (all newer TKIs vs. imatinib). However, regarding thrombocytopenia grade 3-4, there were more events with thrombocytopenia in the newer TKIs arm compared to imatinib (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.97). Conclusions: With a longer follow-up of 4 years, the newer TKIs remain more potent than imatinib in terms of MMR, CMR and early molecular response. Yet, an effect on overall survival cannot be shown. Since CMR is a prerequisite for treatment discontinuation, the newer TKIs can potentially facilitate cessation of treatment more frequently than imatinib. These data should be taken into consideration in choosing treatment for a newly diagnosed CML patient. Table 1 – MMR at different time points Time point Relative risk 95% Confidence of interval No. of trials 3 months 6.63 2.31-19.01 5 12 months 1.68 1.48-1.89 6 18 months 1.37 1.18-1.59 4 24 months 1.28 1.06-1.54 4 48 months 1.20 1.05-1.38 3 Figure 1 – CMR at 12 months Figure 1 –. CMR at 12 months Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Plasma volume expansion across healthy pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

10.21203/rs.2.13304/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sixtus Aguree ◽

Alison D. Gernand

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Plasma Volume ◽

Volume Expansion ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Plasma Volume Expansion ◽

The Third ◽

Rate Of Increase

Abstract Background: Plasma volume expansion is an important physiologic change across gestation. High or low expansion has been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet there is a limited understanding of normal/healthy plasma volume expansion. We aimed to evaluate the pattern of plasma volume expansion across healthy pregnancies from longitudinal studies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify original studies that measured plasma volume in singleton pregnancies of healthy women. Specifically, we included studies that measured plasma volume at least two times across gestation and one time before or after pregnancy in the same women. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched from the beginning of each database to February 2019. We combined data across studies using a random effects model. Results: Ten observational studies with a total of 347 pregnancies were eligible. Plasma volume increased by 6% (95% CI 3-9) in the first trimester compared to the non-pregnant state. In the second trimester, plasma volume was increased by 18% (95% CI 12-24) in gestational weeks 14-20 and 29% (95% CI 21-36) in weeks 21-27 above the nonpregnant state. In the third trimester, plasma volume was increased by 42% (95% CI 38-46) in weeks 28-34 and 48% (95% CI 44-51) in weeks 35-38. The highest rate of increase occurred in the first half of the second trimester. Included studies were rated from moderate to high quality; 7 out of 10 studies were conducted over 30 years ago. Conclusions: In healthy pregnancies, plasma volume begins to expand in the first trimester, has the steepest rate of increase in the second trimester, and peaks late in the third trimester. The patterns observed from these studies may not reflect the current population, partly due to the changes in BMI over the last several decades. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to better characterize the range of normal plasma volume expansion across maternal characteristics.

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Hematological and biochemical characteristics of COVID-19 non-survivors: a meta- and network analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-130151/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rasoul Kowsar ◽

Khaled Sadeghi ◽

Sayed Farshad Kateb ◽

Elham Bonakdar ◽

Amir Hossein Mahdavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Septic Shock ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Background: Understanding the most relevant hematological/biochemical characteristics, pre-existing health conditions and complications among survivors and non-survivor will help to predict the mortality in COVID-19 patients.Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and various preprint servers (bioRxiv, medRxiv and SSRN) for COVID-19 mortality, with more than 97 reported clinical studies and preprints, consisting of survivor and non-survivor sub-populations. A total of 19014 patients including 14359 survivors and 4655 non-survivors were included in this meta-analysis. Outcome data was extracted and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Meta and network analyses were performed using META-MAR V2.7.0 and PAST software.Results: The finding showed higher concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatinine and a higher number of neutrophils in non-survivors of COVID-19. A lower number of lymphocytes and platelets and a lower concentration of hemoglobin and albumin were observed in non-survivors. Data showed age, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease as the most influential risk factors in non-survivors. Heart failure was the most common complication among non-survivors, accompanied by septic shock, and respiratory failure.Conclusions: Increased number of neutrophils and decreased number of platelets and lymphocytes, along with higher GGT concentration and lower hemoglobin levels were the best mortality indicators for COVID-19 patients. In addition, age, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease were prevalent risk factors among non-survivors of COVID-19. Heart failure and septic shock were the most common complications among non-survivors. Data indicated that cheap and quick biochemical and hematological tests can be used to predict the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients.

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