scholarly journals Shading of the mother plant during seed development promotes subsequent seed germination in soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2072-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Wenguan Zhou ◽  
Han Yin ◽  
Xiaofeng Luo ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Abstract The effect of shading during seed development on subsequent germination remains largely unknown. In this study, two soybean (Glycine max) seed production systems, monocropping (MC) and maize–soybean intercropping (IC), were employed to examine the effects of shading of the mother plant on subsequent seed germination. Compared to the MC soybean seeds, which received light, the developing IC seeds were exposed to shade resulting from the taller neighboring maize plants. The IC seeds germinated faster than the MC seeds, although there was no significant difference in the thickness of the seed coat. The concentration of soluble pro-anthocyanidin in the IC seed coat was significantly lower than that in the MC seed coat. Changes in the concentrations of several types of fatty acids in IC seeds were also observed, the nature of which were consistent with the effect on germination. The expression levels of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis were down-regulated in IC seeds, while the transcription levels of the genes related to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis were up-regulated. This was consistently reflected in decreased ABA concentrations and increased active GA4 concentrations in IC seeds, resulting in an increased GA4/ABA ratio. Our results thus indicated that shading of the mother plant during seed development in soybean promoted subsequent germination by mediating the biosynthesis of pro-anthocyanidins, fatty acids, and phytohormones.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Kai-Yi Chen ◽  
Yung-I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla. Results We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat. Conclusion We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic Germination of Mature Seeds and the Seed Development of Vanilla Planifolia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Kai-Yi Chen ◽  
Yung-I Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background: Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, sexual propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because of the extremely hard seed coat. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla.Results: We found that soaking mature seeds in 4 % sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination and that immature seeds collected at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. After 60 DAP, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope. These features matches the significant decreases of immature seed germination percentage after 60 DAP. Conclusion: We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, and might play an important role in seed dormancy of V. plantifolia.

scholarly journals Proanthocyanidins in seed coat tegmen and endospermic cap inhibit seed germination in Sapium sebiferum

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Afzal Shah ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Qiaojian Wang ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Sapium Sebiferum ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Sapium sebiferum, an ornamental and bio-energetic plant, is propagated by seed. Its seed coat contains germination inhibitors and takes a long time to stratify for germination. In this study, we discovered that the S. sebiferum seed coat (especially the tegmen) and endospermic cap (ESC) contained high levels of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Seed coat and ESC removal induced seed germination, whereas exogenous application with seed coat extract (SCE) or PAs significantly inhibited this process, suggesting that PAs in the seed coat played a major role in regulating seed germination in S. sebiferum. We further investigated how SCE affected the expression of the seed-germination-related genes. The results showed that treatment with SCE upregulated the transcription level of the dormancy-related gene, gibberellins (GAs) suppressing genes, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling genes. SCE decreased the transcript levels of ABA catabolic genes, GAs biosynthesis genes, reactive oxygen species genes and nitrates-signalling genes. Exogenous application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, gibberellic acid, hydrogen peroxide and potassium nitrate recovered seed germination in seed-coat-extract supplemented medium. In this study, we highlighted the role of PAs, and their interactions with the other germination regulators, in the regulation of seed dormancy in S. sebiferum.

Involvement of fungi in the increase of free fatty acids in stored soybeans

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lisker ◽  
A. Ben-Efraim ◽  
Y. Henis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Aspergillus Candidus

Application of the fungicide Captan to whole soybean seeds stored at 85% relative humidity did not prevent either the development of the natural fungal population underneath the seed coat or the increase of free fatty acids. At 65 and 75% relative humidity the increase in free fatty acids and fungi development during storage were lower than at 85% relative humidity, but even at these lower levels no differences were observed between Captan-treated and nontreated seeds. In split soybeans, where fungi developed profusely on the unprotected damaged site of the seed, treatment with Captan or thiourea resulted in free fatty acid values significantly lower than those of the untreated controls. The fungi most frequently isolated from stored soybeans were Aspergillus candidus, A. ruber, A. versicolor, and Penicillium cyclopium, all of which showed lipolytic activity. Inoculation of intact soybean seeds with these fungi did not cause an increase in free fatty acids as compared with noninoculated controls, probably because the intact seed coat prevented the penetration of the inoculated fungus. The similar increase in free fatty acids in both the inoculated and the noninoculated controls was probably caused by the internal mycoflora in both treatments. Since fungicide treatments prevented the increase of free fatty acid levels in all cases where the fungicide could reach those sites at which fungi developed, it was concluded that fungi play an important role in the increase of free fatty acids in stored soybeans.

scholarly journals Proanthocyanidins in seed coat’s tegmen and endospermic cap inhibit seed germination in the bioenergy plant Sapium sebiferum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Afzal Shah ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Qiaojian Wang ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Sapium Sebiferum ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Bioenergy Plant ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Sapium sebiferum, a highly ornamental and bioenergy plant, is propagated by seed. Its seed coat contains germination inhibitors and needs long time stratification for germination. In this experiment, we discovered that S. Sebiferum seed coat (especially tegmen) and endospermic cap contained high levels of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Seed coat and endospermic cap removal induced seed germination whereas exogenous application with seed coat extract (SCE) or PAs significantly inhibited this process, suggesting that PAs in the seed coat played a major role in regulating seed germination in S. sebiferum. We further investigated how seed coat extract affected the expression of the seed germination-related genes. The results showed that SCE treatment upregulated the transcription level of the dormancy-related gene, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling genes and gibberellins (GA) suppressing genes. SCE decreased the transcript levels of ABA catabolic, GA biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrates signalling genes. Exogenous application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), gibberellic acid (GA3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) recovered seed germination in SCE supplemented medium. In this experiment, we highlighted the role of PAs, and its interactions with the other germination regulators, in the regulation of seed dormancy in S. Sebiferum.

scholarly journals Seed Germination of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev as Influenced by Different Pretreatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1305-1309
Author(s):  
O.A. Iroko ◽  
I.L. Sowunmi ◽  
J.M. Ajekiigbe ◽  
S.O. Rufiai ◽  
W.T. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Faidherbia Albida ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
All Treatment

Faidherbia albida is an agroforesrty tree that has the potential of promoting agroforestry establishment in Nigeria. The seeds are glossy due to the presence of wax in the seed coat which prevents easy penetration of water. Thus, this study assessed the effect of different pretreatments (biological, mechanical and chemical) on the germination of F. albida seeds. The treatments include; seeds scarified at the helium, soaked in cold water for 24 hours, soaked in hot water for 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, & 15 minutes and soaked in Conc. H2SO4 for 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes. The result showed that all treatment had uniform germination percentage of 100% but seeds soaked in H2SO4 for 15 min and 10 min had the highest germination value of (65.25) and (65.00) respectively, followed by 15mins soaking in hot water (47.14) while the least germination value was recorded in seeds scarified mechanically (33.31). Analysis of variance revealed that there was no significant difference in the treatments. However, seeds treated with H2SO4 at 15 mins and 10 mins had the best performance in terms of germination value compared with other treatments. Therefore, for optimum and uniform germination, the seed of F. albida seeds should be soak in concentrated H2SO4 for 15 min.

scholarly journals Proanthocyanidins in seed coat’s tegmen and endospermic cap inhibit seed germination in the bioenergy plant Sapium sebiferum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Afzal Shah ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Qiaojian Wang ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Sapium Sebiferum ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Bioenergy Plant ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Sapium sebiferum, a highly ornamental and bioenergy plant, is propagated by seed. Its seed coat contains germination inhibitors and needs long time stratification for germination. In this experiment, we discovered that S. Sebiferum seed coat (especially tegmen) and endospermic cap contained high levels of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Seed coat and endospermic cap removal induced seed germination whereas exogenous application with seed coat extract (SCE) or PAs significantly inhibited this process, suggesting that PAs in the seed coat played a major role in regulating seed germination in S. sebiferum. We further investigated how seed coat extract affected the expression of the seed germination-related genes. The results showed that SCE treatment upregulated the transcription level of the dormancy-related gene, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling genes and gibberellins (GA) suppressing genes. SCE decreased the transcript levels of ABA catabolic, GA biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrates signalling genes. Exogenous application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), gibberellic acid (GA3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) recovered seed germination in SCE supplemented medium. In this experiment, we highlighted the role of PAs, and its interactions with the other germination regulators, in the regulation of seed dormancy in S. Sebiferum.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Fatty Acid Profile of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Ewa Szpunar-Krok ◽  
Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska ◽  
Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro ◽  
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek ◽  
Andrzej Kotecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Soybean is a valuable protein and oilseed crop ranked among the most significant of the major crops. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2019 in South-East Poland. The influence of soybean cultivars (Aldana, Annushka), nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg∙ha−1 N) and inoculation with B. japonicum (control, HiStick® Soy, Nitragina) on the content of fatty acids (FA) in soybean seeds was investigated in a three-factorial experiment. This study confirms the genetic determinants of fatty acid composition in soybean seeds and their differential accumulation levels for C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0 as well saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Increasing the rate from 30 to 60 kg ha−1 N did not produce the expected changes, suggesting the use of only a “starter” rate of 30 kg ha−1 N. Inoculation of soybean seeds with a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (HiStick® Soy, BASF, Littlehampton, UK and Nitragina, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland) is recommended as it will cause a decrease in SFA and C16:0 acid levels. This is considered nutritionally beneficial as its contribution to total fatty acids determines the hypercholesterolemic index, and it is the third most accumulated fatty acid in soybean seeds. The interaction of cultivars and inoculation formulation on fatty acid content of soybean seeds was demonstrated. An increase in the value of C16:0 content resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 acids. The content of each decreased by almost one unit for every 1% increase in C16:0 content. The dominant effect of weather conditions on the FA profile and C18:2n6/C18:3n3 ratio was demonstrated. This suggests a need for further evaluation of the genetic progress of soybean cultivars with respect to fatty acid composition and content under varying habitat conditions.

scholarly journals Non-TZF Protein AtC3H59/ZFWD3 Is Involved in Seed Germination, Seedling Development, and Seed Development, Interacting with PPPDE Family Protein Desi1 in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Hyungjoon Bae ◽  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Linh Vu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Ccch Zinc Finger ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Wd40 Domain ◽  
Primary Root Length

Despite increasing reports on the function of CCCH zinc finger proteins in plant development and stress response, the functions and molecular aspects of many non-tandem CCCH zinc finger (non-TZF) proteins remain uncharacterized. AtC3H59/ZFWD3 is an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein and belongs to the ZFWD subfamily harboring a CCCH zinc finger motif and a WD40 domain. In this study, we characterized the biological and molecular functions of AtC3H59, which is subcellularly localized in the nucleus. The seeds of AtC3H59-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated faster than those of wild type (WT), whereas atc3h59 mutant seeds germinated slower than WT seeds. AtC3H59 OX seedlings were larger and heavier than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings were smaller and lighter than WT seedlings. Moreover, AtC3H59 OX seedlings had longer primary root length than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings had shorter primary root length than WT seedlings, owing to altered cell division activity in the root meristem. During seed development, AtC3H59 OXs formed larger and heavier seeds than WT. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated Desi1, a PPPDE family protein, as an interacting partner of AtC3H59. AtC3H59 and Desi1 interacted via their WD40 domain and C-terminal region, respectively, in the nucleus. Taken together, our results indicate that AtC3H59 has pleiotropic effects on seed germination, seedling development, and seed development, and interacts with Desi1 in the nucleus via its entire WD40 domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the biological functions of the ZFWD protein and Desi1 in Arabidopsis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document