scholarly journals Earliness per se×temperature interaction: consequences on leaf, spikelet, and floret development in wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1956-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Prieto ◽  
Helga Ochagavía ◽  
Simon Griffiths ◽  
Gustavo A Slafer
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Earliness Per Se ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Abstract Wheat adaptation can be fine-tuned by earliness per se (Eps) genes. Although the effects of Eps genes are often assumed to act independently of the environment, previous studies have shown that they exhibit temperature sensitivity. The number of leaves and phyllochron are considered determinants of flowering time and the numerical components of yield include spikelets per spike and fertile floret number within spikelets. We studied the dynamics of leaf, spikelet, and floret development in near isogenic lines with either late or early alleles of Eps-D1 under seven temperature regimes. Leaf appearance dynamics were modulated by temperature, and Eps alleles had a greater effect on the period from flag leaf to heading than phyllochron. In addition, the effects of the Eps alleles on spikelets per spike were minor, and more related to spikelet plastochron than the duration of the early reproductive phase. However, fertile floret number was affected by the interaction between Eps alleles and temperature. So, at 9 °C, Eps-early alleles had more fertile florets than Eps-late alleles, at intermediate temperatures there was no significant difference, and at 18 °C (the highest temperature) the effect was reversed, with lines carrying the late allele producing more fertile florets. These effects were mediated through changes in floret survival; there were no clear effects on the maximum number of floret primordia.

scholarly journals Earliness per se and its dependence upon temperature in diploid wheat lines differing in the major gene Eps-Am1 alleles

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. APPENDINO ◽  
G. A. SLAFER
Keyword(s):  
Major Gene ◽  
Diploid Wheat ◽  
Earliness Per Se ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Allelic Group ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Line Temperature

Differences in development among wheat cultivars are not only restricted to photoperiod and vernalization responses. When both requirements are fully satisfied differences may still arise due to earliness per se. It is not clear at present to what extent this trait is ‘intrinsically’ expressed (a constitutive trait) independently of the environmental conditions so that it might be selected under any thermal condition or if it may be altered to the extent of showing a crossover interaction with temperature in which the ranking of wheat genotypes may be altered. The present study assessed the influence of temperature on the intrinsic earliness for lines of diploid wheat characterized for their differences in a major gene for intrinsic earliness, but also possibly differing in their genetic background for other factors controlling this polygenic trait. To do so the lines were grown individually in two temperature regimes (16 and 23°C) under long days having previously been fully vernalized. Multiple comparisons analyses were carried out among lines of the same allelic group for the Eps-Am1 gene. Results indicated that within each group there were lines that did not differ in their earliness per se, others differed but without exhibiting any line×temperature interaction and finally different types of interaction were shown, including cases where the ranking of lines was altered depending on the growing temperature. It is thus possible that the selection of a genotype based on its earliness per se in an environment might not represent the same performance in another location where temperature varied significantly.

scholarly journals FLOWERING OF AESCHYNANTHUS `KORAL' UNDER DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE REGIMES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103b-1103
Author(s):  
Brooks Whitton ◽  
Will Healy
Keyword(s):  
Flower Bud ◽  
Incandescent Light ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Aeschynanthus `Koral' plants were grown in photoperiods of 8 to 14 hr (8 hr natural daylight plus 0-6 hr incandescent light of 3 μmolm-2s-1) beginning January, March, or June. The number of weeks to anthesis and number of leaves on shoots reaching anthesis were not affected by photoperiod, but differed when treatments began. Number of shoots reaching anthesis per plant was greatest in photoperiods of 13 hr for treatments beginning January or June. Time of year influenced flowering more than photoperiod, suggesting a temperature interaction. A. `Koral' plants were given photoperiods of 12 or 24 hr (daylight fluorescent lamps at 100 or 50 μmolm-2s-1 respectively) at temperatures of 18 or 24 C. After 8 weeks, 18 C plants had fewer nodes before the first flower bud than 24 C plants. Number of nodes to the first flower bud was decreased under the 24 hr treatments at 24 C, while no difference to photoperiod was observed at 18 C. Flowering of A. `Koral' appears to be promoted by 18 C temperature where the plant behaves as a day neutral plant. At 24 C, A. `Koral' responds as a long day plant.

scholarly journals Earliness Per Se by Temperature Interaction on Wheat Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Ochagavía ◽  
Paula Prieto ◽  
Meluleki Zikhali ◽  
Simon Griffiths ◽  
Gustavo A. Slafer
Keyword(s):  
Earliness Per Se ◽  
Wheat Development ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Temperature Interaction

Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447d-447
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

scholarly journals Growth and physiological performance responses to drought stress under non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Qin ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
F. Hu ◽  
H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Change Tendency ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

A field experiment was performed to investigate the growth performance and the growth stage-dependent changes in activities of antioxidative enzymes and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of rice subjected to treatment with (NF-M) or without straw mulching (NF-WM) under non-flooded conditions compared with continuously flooded treatment (CF). Compared with the NF-WM treatment, mulch application significantly increased the flag leaf area per plant before heading, tillers number and plant height at the early period of tillering stage. There was no significant difference between the yield of the NF-WM and CF treatment. However, the yield of NF-WM treatment was significantly lower than CF and NF-M treatments. Significantly higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) but lower concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in straw mulching treatment than in treatment without mulching at elongation, heading and grain filling stages. The change tendency of antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA level was in line both with soil moisture status and rice yields of different treatments.

scholarly journals Study of indole butyric acid (IBA) effects on cutting rooting improving some of wild genotypes of damask roses (Rosa damascena Mill.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardin Nasri ◽  
Arsalan Fadakar ◽  
Mahmood Saba ◽  
Bayzid Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Rose

Rosa damascena is very important for essential oil production, medicinal properties and it is also widely cultivated as a garden rose. The Rose species is mainly propagated by stem cutting. In the present study, the effect of different levels of 0, 500 and 1,000 mg l-1 (quick dip method for 20 s) of indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of 12 wild genotypes (including: Kurdistan 1 to Kurdistan 12) of R. damascena was investigated. The results show that the rooting ability of R. damascena differs significantly between the twelve genotypes. The highest rooting (79.56%) and callus production (69.08%), number of roots (8.33), root fresh and dry weights (361.80 and 244.74 mg, respectively) were recorded in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA. The maximum root length (5.84 cm) was observed in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 500 mg l-1 IBA that showed a significant difference compared to the control treatment (0.96 cm). The highest number of leaves per bud (7.33 at 500 mg l-1 IBA) and number of buds (5.00 at 1,000 mg l-1 IBA) were recorded in Kurdistan 1 genotype. The current study demonstrated that the different genotypes of R. damascena were in a difficult-toroot state, which suggests that cutting treatment with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA overcame the problem of the difficult-to-root state, and it can also enhance the rooting percentage in the studied genotypes.

scholarly journals Validation of a 1DL earliness per se (eps) flowering QTL in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meluleki Zikhali ◽  
Michelle Leverington-Waite ◽  
Lesley Fish ◽  
James Simmonds ◽  
Simon Orford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Earliness Per Se ◽  
Per Se

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on some Attributes of SorghumGrown in Saline Soil under Irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Abubaker Haroun M.Adam ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed Taleim
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 levels of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0, 25, 50 and 75 Kg N/fed) on some attributes of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L). This study was conducted in the farm of College of Agriculture, University of Bahri-Sudan; during the period 2014-2015. Where the soil is classified as saline with pH ranging from 7.5 -7.8. A randomized completely block designed (RCBD); with 3 replications and four (4) treatments was adopted. All recommended cultural practices were carried out timely. Data; pertaining some plant attributes were collected and analyzed. The result showed that the application of 75KgN/fed has increased both; the average number of leaves as well as the plant height compared to other levels of Nitrogen fertilizer including the control (Figure 1, Figure 2). For the average number of tillers concern, there is non -significant difference between all Nitrogen levels and average number of tillers (Figure 3). The study concluded that the Nitrogen fertilizer has variable effects on the studied agronomic characters, and the application of 75kgN/fed is the optimal level of fertilizer for improving the agronomic traits of Sorghum under Alkadaro conditions.

scholarly journals UJI PENGGUNAAN BERBAGAI MEDIA TUMBUH DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK GROWMORE PADA AKLIMATISASI TANAMAN ANGGREK Dendrobium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
GUSTI MARLINA ◽  
MARLINDA MARLINDA ◽  
HENI ROSNETI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

The research objective was determine the effect of various growth media and growmore fertilizer on the acclimatization of Dendrobium orchids. study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial consisting of 2 factors, the first is (M) of growing media which consists of 3 levels, namely: M1 (medium fern root), M2 (wood charcoal medium), M3 (coir media coconut) and the second is (G) growmore fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely: G0 (without Growmore fertilizer), G1 (Growmore fertilizer 2 g / liter), G2 (fertilizer Growmore 4 g / liter), G3 (Growmore fertilizer 6 g / liter). Determine the growth of orchid plants, observations were made with the following parameters Growth Percentage (%), Plant Height (cm), Number of leaves (strands), and Number of tillers (stems). Data obtained were analyzed statistically, then continued with the Honestly Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the level of 5%. The results showed that the single treatment of the use of growing media did not have a significant effect on the parameters of observation of growth percentage (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems). The growth of growmore fertilizer also did not show a significant effect on the parameters of observation of growth percentage (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems). Interaction of the use of various growth media and growmore fertilizer did not show a significant effect on the percentage of growth (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems).

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