scholarly journals Automatic detection and visualization of garment color in Western portrait paintings

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i156-i171
Author(s):  
Cihan Sarı ◽  
Albert Ali Salah ◽  
Alkım Almıla Akdag Salah
Keyword(s):  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Gender Recognition ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Style Transfer ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Paintings give us important clues about how males and females were perceived over centuries in the Western culture. In this article, we describe a system that allows scholars to automatically visualize how the clothing colors of male and female subjects changed over time. Our system analyzes a large database of paintings, locates portraits, automatically classifies each portrait’s subject as either male or female, segments the clothing areas and finds their dominant color. An interactive, web-based visualization is proposed to allow further exploration of the results. To test the accuracy of our system, we manually annotate a portion of the Rijksmuseum collection, and use state-of-the-art image processing and computer vision algorithms to process the paintings. We use a deep neural network-based style transfer approach to improve gender recognition (or more correctly, sex recognition) of the sitters of portraits. The annotations and the code of the approach are made available.

scholarly journals Comparison of Male and Female Patients in Louisiana Medical Marijuana Dispensaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
H. Raymond Allen ◽  
Doug Boudreaux ◽  
Jeffrey N. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females

Relatively little is known in terms of patient demographics, indications, previous cannabis use, or the forms and dosages of medical marijuana (MM) dispensed for patients at MM dispensaries. Even less is known in terms of how male and female patients may differ in each of these aspects. The goal of the current study was to examine each of these variables using a retrospective analysis of deidentified patient data from MM dispensaries in Louisiana. Deidentified data were analyzed from web-based pharmacist–patient consultations at MM dispensaries throughout Louisiana. Data were collected during the first 6 months following the initiation of the MM dispensing program in Louisiana. A total of 1195 MM patients (598 male/597 female) were included in the analyses. The average age of the sample was 51.9 years (±14.8) and it was composed primarily of white patients (86.7%). Males and females were nearly identical in terms of average age, race, previous cannabis use, indication profile, and MM recommendations. Differences between males and females were observed in terms of opioid use, history of psychosis, presence of more than one indication, and the duration of previous cannabis use. Our data indicate that, in MM dispensaries of the Deep South state, there are numerous similarities—and some potentially important differences—between male and female MM patients. The importance of these differences, and the importance of continued data collection/analysis, for improving MM dispensing are discussed.

Generation of Synthetic Male and Female Walkers through Manipulation of a Biomechanical Invariant

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Cutting
Keyword(s):  
Performance Level ◽  
Gender Recognition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shoulder Movement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Point Light

Synthetic versions of human walkers were generated by computer as point-light displays. Previously it had been determined that the natural gaits of males and females differ according to the extent of movement at the shoulder and the hip. These movements were measured and then used to synthesize the stimuli used in the present study. These stimuli are shown here to be identified by untrained viewers as male when the shoulder movement is greater than the hip movement, and female when the configuration is reversed. Because of the coherence of the display lights representing the shoulder and hip are not necessary for gender recognition, although they do increase performance level. Hypernormality and heavy-footedness in gait are also discussed. Finally, all results are linked to an underlying biomechanical invariant, the center of moment.

scholarly journals Separate patient serum sodium medians from males and females provide independent information on analytical bias

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Ingemann Hansen ◽  
Per Hyltoft Petersen ◽  
Flemming Lund ◽  
Callum G. Fraser ◽  
György Sölétormos
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Analytical Stability ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
Maximum Bias ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackground:During monitoring of monthly medians of results from patients undertaken to assess analytical stability in routine laboratory performance, the medians for serum sodium for male and female patients were found to be significantly related.Methods:Daily, weekly and monthly patient medians of serum sodium for both male and female patients were calculated from results obtained on samples from the population >18 years on three analysers in the hospital laboratory. The half-range of medians was applied as an estimate of the maximum bias. Further, the ratios between the two medians were calculated.Results:The medians of both genders demonstrated dispersions over time, but they were closely connected in like patterns, which were confirmed by the half-range of the ratios of medians for males and females that varied from 0.36% for daily, 0.14% for weekly and 0.036% for monthly ratios over all instruments.Conclusions:The tight relationship between the gender medians for serum sodium is only possible when raw laboratory data are used for calculation. The two patient medians can be used to confirm both and are useful as independent estimates of analytical bias during constant calibration periods. In contrast to the gender combined median, the estimate of analytical bias can be confirmed further by calculation of the ratios of medians for males and females.

scholarly journals Playing Atari with Six Neurons (Extended Abstract)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cuccu ◽  
Julian Togelius ◽  
Philippe Cudré-Mauroux
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Vector Quantization ◽  
Sparse Coding ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Compact State ◽  
Learning Policies ◽  
Novel Algorithms ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Deep reinforcement learning applied to vision-based problems like Atari games maps pixels directly to actions; internally, the deep neural network bears the responsibility of both extracting useful information and making decisions based on it. By separating image processing from decision-making, one could better understand the complexity of each task, as well as potentially find smaller policy representations that are easier for humans to understand and may generalize better. To this end, we propose a new method for learning policies and compact state representations separately but simultaneously for policy approximation in reinforcement learning. State representations are generated by an encoder based on two novel algorithms: Increasing Dictionary Vector Quantization makes the encoder capable of growing its dictionary size over time, to address new observations; and Direct Residuals Sparse Coding encodes observations by aiming for highest information inclusion. We test our system on a selection of Atari games using tiny neural networks of only 6 to 18 neurons (depending on the game's controls). These are still capable of achieving results comparable---and occasionally superior---to state-of-the-art techniques which use two orders of magnitude more neurons.

scholarly journals Advanced Training in Web-Based Psychology Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Birnbaum
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychological Experimentation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. This article describes Advanced Training Institutes (ATIs) and workshops on psychological experimentation conducted via the Internet. These programs, conducted since 2002, presented instruction that evolved over the decades to reflect changes in Web-based methods and techniques. The need for instruction in the methods and methodology of Web-based research has increased over the years, as more researchers adopted these methods without necessarily learning the methodological lessons developed from theory and experience. Links to instructional materials created for the workshops are provided. From events and trends that played out over time, including the story of methods that were once state-of-the-art and are no longer functional today, lessons hard-won from the past can be used to anticipate and plan future directions in Web-based experimentation.

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

Alcohol Use Over Time Among Male and Female Police Recruits

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Waldrop ◽  
Sabra Inslicht ◽  
Anne Richards ◽  
Thomas Neylan ◽  
Charles Marmar
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Over Time

GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Donald C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Landon Jossy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn.  A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years.  Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body.  Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing.  The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

scholarly journals Spinal Muscular Atrophy after Nusinersen Therapy: Improved Physiology in Pediatric Patients with No Significant Change in Urine, Serum, and Liquor 1H-NMR Metabolomes in Comparison to an Age-Matched, Healthy Cohort

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Leon Deutsch ◽  
Damjan Osredkar ◽  
Janez Plavec ◽  
Blaž Stres
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Urine Serum

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases and was until recently the most common genetic cause of death in children. The effects of 2-month nusinersen therapy on urine, serum, and liquor 1H-NMR metabolomes in SMA males and females were not explored yet, especially not in comparison to the urine 1H-NMR metabolomes of matching male and female cohorts. In this prospective, single-centered study, urine, serum, and liquor samples were collected from 25 male and female pediatric patients with SMA before and after 2 months of nusinersen therapy and urine samples from a matching healthy cohort (n = 125). Nusinersen intrathecal application was the first therapy for the treatment of SMA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Metabolomes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics utilizing 600 MHz 1H-NMR, parametric and nonparametric multivariate statistical analyses, machine learning, and modeling. Medical assessment before and after nusinersen therapy showed significant improvements of movement, posture, and strength according to various medical tests. No significant differences were found in metabolomes before and after nusinersen therapy in urine, serum, and liquor samples using an ensemble of statistical and machine learning approaches. In comparison to a healthy cohort, 1H-NMR metabolomes of SMA patients contained a reduced number and concentration of urine metabolites and differed significantly between males and females as well. Significantly larger data scatter was observed for SMA patients in comparison to matched healthy controls. Machine learning confirmed urinary creatinine as the most significant, distinguishing SMA patients from the healthy cohort. The positive effects of nusinersen therapy clearly preceded or took place devoid of significant rearrangements in the 1H-NMR metabolomic makeup of serum, urine, and liquor. Urine creatinine was successful at distinguishing SMA patients from the matched healthy cohort, which is a simple systemic novelty linking creatinine and SMA to the physiology of inactivity and diabetes, and it facilitates the monitoring of SMA disease in pediatric patients through non-invasive urine collection.

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