Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Peter Gluckman ◽  
Mark Hanson ◽  
Chong Yap Seng ◽  
Anne Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
No Consumption ◽  
Nutrition Deficiency ◽  
Riboflavin Deficient ◽  
Staple Diet ◽  
In Pregnancy

Riboflavin is a cofactor for enzymes involved in energy generation, biosynthesis, detoxification, and electron-scavenging pathways, as well as in the metabolism of other B vitamins. Deficiency is rare in developed countries; it is encountered almost invariably in combination with deficit of other B vitamins in areas of poor overall nutrition. Deficiency is endemic in populations whose staple diet consists of rice and wheat, with low or no consumption of meat and dairy products. Infants of riboflavin-deficient mothers tend to be deficient themselves at birth and remain deficient through breastfeeding and weaning. To ensure adequate riboflavin supply in both mother and infant, an increase in dairy products and/or meat consumption, particularly during lactation, may be necessary in some women.

The Obstetric Patient for Cardiac Surgery

2019 ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Lauren Powlovich ◽  
Amanda M. Kleiman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Peripartum Hemorrhage ◽  
In Pregnancy

Cardiac disease is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy behind peripartum hemorrhage. In developed countries, a majority of cardiac disease in pregnancy is secondary to congenital heart defects, whereas in developing countries, mitral stenosis secondary to rheumatic fever prevails as the leading cause of cardiac disease during pregnancy. There is added workload on the heart during pregnancy due to the increased blood volume and cardiac output of the parturient. In patients with preexisting cardiac disease, this added workload may lead to decompensated congestive heart failure. Alternatively, such physiologic changes may unmask an unknown cardiac lesion in an unsuspecting patient. Medical management is always the first-line treatment of the pregnant patient with decompensated heart failure. However, if medical management has failed, cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass may be necessary. Due to the unique maternal physiology and the presence of not only one but also two patients, anesthesia, cardiac surgery, and cardiopulmonary bypass come with specific challenges, hemodynamic goals, and ethical dilemmas.

scholarly journals Chemical and Technological Characterization of Dairy Products

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Michele Faccia
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Nutrition

The dairy sector is facing a decisive challenge in developed countries, which could deeply influence its future and its historical status of being a pillar for human nutrition [...]

scholarly journals How are maternal dietary patterns and maternal/fetal cytokines associated with birth weight? A path analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 1178-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Ma ◽  
Qinggui Lu ◽  
Jingyi Ouyang ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Shaoming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Fetal Serum ◽  
Umbilical Blood Serum ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate how maternal dietary patterns and maternal/fetal cytokines are associated with birth weight and whether cytokines mediate the association. A total of 469 pregnant women and their children were recruited for this prospective study. Dietary patterns in pregnancy were identified using factor analysis of data from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Maternal and umbilical blood serum cytokines (adiponectin (APN), IL-6 and interferon-γ) were measured via ELISA. Path analysis was used to explore the relationships between maternal diet, cytokines and birth weight. Four dietary patterns were identified: a mainly fruit, dairy products and poultry diet (FDP); a mainly vegetables, beans and pork diet (VBP); a mainly fish, shrimp and soup diet (FS) and a mainly tuber and egg diet (TE). Path analysis showed the order of effects of dietary patterns on birth weight was FS>FDP>TE>VBP (β=0·130, 0·109, –0·094 and 0·046, respectively). Only the TE pattern’s effect was negative. Maternal and fetal APN were positively associated with birth weight (β=0·045 and 0·226, respectively), and they mediated the association between the TE pattern and birth weight (indirect effect was 5·3 %). Maternal IL-6 was negatively associated with birth weight (β=–0·067) and mediated the association between maternal FDP and VBP patterns and birth weight (indirect effects were 10·1 and 100·0 %, respectively). All variables in the path explained 33·6 % of variation. These results suggested that maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy are associated with birth weight and mediated directly and indirectly through some maternal/fetal serum cytokines.

Characterisation and protein intake analysis of no- to high meat consumption, based on the Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Steinbach ◽  
Ivo Kaelin ◽  
Jean-Philippe Krieger ◽  
David Faeh ◽  
Isabelle Herter-Aeberli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractToday's high interest for no- or low-meat diets is driven by evidence-based associations between high meat consumption and unhealthy lifestyle factors as well as increased risk of various chronic diseases. This study aims to characterize no-, low- and high-meat consumers and describe their protein intake using data from the Swiss nutrition survey menuCH.This first national survey assessed descriptive factors by a questionnaire and dietary intake by 24-hour dietary recall (24 HDR) across all three linguistic regions, German, French and Italian of Switzerland (N = 2057). Data from the questionnaire (food avoidance) and two 24 HDRs were used to categorize total participants (N) into four subgroups: no meat (4.4%); low (15%), medium (65.6%), or high-meat eaters (15%), based on meat-energy contributions of 0; 0–2.4; 2.4–18.7; 18.7–48.4, respectively. Contributions of overall macronutrients and protein from the different food groups were described for each subgroup to identify quantitative and qualitative differences. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to predict the probability of belonging to one of the four subgroups according to the following sociodemographic and behavioral variables: sex, language region, age, nationality, marital status, education, gross household income, BMI, physical activity, smoking, dietary supplements and overall health status. The subgroups differed in protein intake with 11.5%, 12.8%, 15.4% and 19.1% of total energy intake for no-, low-,medium- and high-meat diets, respectively, weighted for sampling design, non-response, weekdays and season. In general, no- and low-meat consumers included a greater variety of foods contributing to protein intake than meat consumers, including more dairy products and meat-alternatives. None of the subgroups met the Swiss Food-based Dietary Guidelines of three portions of dairy products per day. The regression analysis showed that sex, taking dietary supplements or not and BMI were important determinants of the subgroups: women had a higher predicted probability than men to be no- and low-meat eaters and for these same subgroups, individuals showed higher probabilities for taking dietary supplements. Overweight and obese participants showed higher probabilities to be high-meat eaters.These findings show considerable differences in protein intake and in variety of protein-food selections, between extremes of meat intake (no- to high meat consumption). Future surveys should include frequency methods to allow conclusions about habitual meat intake or avoidance and health status screening to analyse individuals health data.

scholarly journals A study on risk factors, maternal and foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia at a tertiary care hospital of South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Bandaru Sailaja ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Cooly ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Sailcheemala ◽  
Surayapalem Sailaja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy remains still a major health issue for women and their descendants throughout the world but remains a major issue in developing countries rather than developed countries. Eclampsia accounts for 24% of maternal deaths during pregnancy in India according to FOGSI study in India. Changing trends in pregnancy globally with increased maternal age of conception, assisted reproductive technologies has contributed a significant impact in the risk factors for PE and eclampsia. The present study was aimed to investigate and determine the related risk factors in cases of PE and eclampsia. The maternal and foetal outcomes with major complications of the women with PE and eclampsia were also studied.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study for a period of two years was conducted at a tertiary care hospital among antenatal cases and all cases of PIH were recorded and studied. Cases were managed as per the existing obstetric protocol after clinical examination and investigations. Detailed socio demographic data and history of risk factors were collected and entered into Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed. Maternal and foetal outcome were noted in the cases of the study.Results: The incidence of PE and eclampsia in the study was 43.3% and 10.8%, 25-35 years age group being the most common. PE and eclampsia was associated with BMI>30, parous women with previous history of PE, diabetes mellitus and more in unregistered cases. PE and eclampsia were more in Illiterates and socio economic class 2 &3. The incidence of maternal complications was 32.99% with premature labour being the common and in case of foetal complications prematurity was the commonest with 16 cases. The maternal mortality was very less with only 4.64% in the study.Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension with PE and eclampsia still remains a major problem in developed countries. Good antenatal care with increased awareness and increased antenatal visits may help in reducing the incidence and maternal and foetal complications. Increased incidence among illiterates and low socio economic status group provides the target group to be directed against any medical measures and national health programmes.

scholarly journals Stroke: roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidants

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Sánchez-Moreno ◽  
Antonio Jiménez-Escrig ◽  
Antonio Martín
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Increased Risk

In the present review concerning stroke, we evaluate the roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidant vitamins. Stroke is a leading cause of death in developed countries. However, current therapeutic strategies for stroke have been largely unsuccessful. Several studies have reported important benefits on reducing the risk of stroke and improving the post-stroke-associated functional declines in patients who ate foods rich in micronutrients, including B vitamins and antioxidant vitamins E and C. Folic acid, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are all cofactors in homocysteine metabolism. Growing interest has been paid to hyperhomocysteinaemia as a risk factor for CVD. Hyperhomocysteinaemia has been linked to inadequate intake of vitamins, particularly to B-group vitamins and therefore may be amenable to nutritional intervention. Hence, poor dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are associated with increased risk of stroke. Elevated consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to protect against stroke. Antioxidant nutrients have important roles in cell function and have been implicated in processes associated with ageing, including vascular, inflammatory and neurological damage. Plasma vitamin E and C concentrations may serve as a biological marker of lifestyle or other factors associated with reduced stroke risk and may be useful in identifying those at high risk of stroke. After reviewing the observational and intervention studies, there is an incomplete understanding of mechanisms and some conflicting findings; therefore the available evidence is insufficient to recommend the routine use of B vitamins, vitamin E and vitamin C for the prevention of stroke. A better understanding of mechanisms, along with well-designed controlled clinical trials will allow further progress in this area.

Low-Cholesterol Egg and Dairy Products

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oakenfull ◽  
Gurcharn S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Cholesterol

Today's health conscious consumer is avoiding egg and dairy products. Traditionally, though, these foods were believed to be particularly wholesome and nutritious. Fifty years ago, Britain actively encouraged milk consumption, particularly by school children, with a National Milk Scheme (1940). At much the same time (1949), Romanoff and Romanoff's classic, ‘The Avian Egg’, enthusiastically supported eggs: ‘Compared with hens’ egg, no other single food of animal origin is eaten and relished by so many people the world over; none is served in such a variety of ways. Its popularity is justified not only because it is so easily procured and has so many uses in cookery, but also because it is almost unsurpassed in nutritive excellence’. But recently, cholesterol has emerged as a topic of polite conversation at dinner parties and most of us are aware, even if only vaguely and often inaccurately, of the connections between cholesterol and heart disease and eggs and dairy products. Fifty years ago the average Australian consumed 250 eggs per annum; today this consumption has declined to less than 135 eggs per annum (Castle, 1989). Similar declines in egg consumption have occurred in other developed countries over the same period of time. Hence there is interest worldwide in developing technologies to extract the cholesterol from foods, particularly eggs and dairy products, and a flurry of research activity has resulted.

scholarly journals Potential Harmful Effects of Heavy Metals in Milk and Milk Products on Human Health; A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
Mohadeseh Pirhadi ◽  
Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki ◽  
Aliasghar Manouchehri ◽  
Mahmoud Bahmani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Milk and dairy products are a major source of nutrition, especially for children, because they contain almost all of the nutrients. Consumption of milk and dairy products is high in developed countries and accounts for about 10%-20% of daily calories. Heavy metal poisoning is associated with a number of diseases, but if these heavy metals are found in milk, which is the main food of the vulnerable age group, the severity of the condition becomes even greater. For this review study, keywords such as “Heavy metals”, “Milk, milk products, Safety”, and “Toxicity” were used. The databases searched for in those articles were “Google Scholar”, “SID”, “Scapus”, “PubMed”, “Science Direct”, and “ISI” search engines. The degree of heavy metal toxicity depends on their chemical form of metals. Some forms of metals are rapidly excreted and do not have the opportunity to be absorbed and stored in body tissues, accordingly they are not very toxic, while some forms of metals are highly toxic and lethal. These forms are slowly excreted from metals and can be absorbed and accumulated in fish muscles and other organs. Heavy metals cause harmful effects such as carcinogenesis, malformations, damage to the nervous system, damage to the reproductive system and infertility in men, liver failure and cardiovascular disease, and so on. Therefore, The purpose of this review study, Potential Harmful Effects of Heavy Metals in milk and milk products on Human Health.

scholarly journals Drugs in Pregnancy: the Effects on Mother and Her Progeny

2012 ◽  
pp. S123-S135
Author(s):  
R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prenatal Drug Exposure ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
The World ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Drug abuse during pregnancy is a growing problem in all developed countries all over the world. The drugs easily cross the placental barrier into the fetal body and are present also in the maternal milk. Therefore, it may affect the development of the child pre- as well as postnatally. The effects of prenatal drug exposure are long-lasting and persist until adulthood. The present review summarizes the clinical and experimental evidence showing how opioids and psychostimulants can affect maternal behavior of drug-abusing mother and the development of their offspring.

scholarly journals So, We Meat Again...

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Jesler Francesca Van Houdt ◽  
Arthur Bribosia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Disengagement Theory

The meat industry is being blamed for its role regarding climate change, environmental degradations as well as food insecurity in the Global-South. Additionally, the conditions in which animals are being raised and slaughtered in industrial farms are often denounced as cruel and morally unacceptable. Assuming that most meat consumers in developed countries are to a certain extent aware of the negative consequences inherent to meat consumption, how can the increasing consumption of meat be explained? In an attempt to understand what Ricard (2014) describes as a “moral schizophrenia” (p.15), this paper applies Bandura’s Moral Disengagement Theory to industrial meat production in developed countries.

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