Cardiovascular syphilis

2020 ◽  
pp. 3539-3543
Author(s):  
Krishna Somers
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Benzathine Benzylpenicillin ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Parenteral Penicillin

Clinicians need to be aware of cardiovascular syphilis in patients at risk of infection, with the time taken from initial infection to clinical manifestation ranging from 10 to 25 years, although this is accelerated in patients with HIV infection. Inadequate or interrupted antibiotic therapy may confound the development of cardiovascular syphilis and make diagnosis difficult. In diagnosis, serological testing is the mainstay: latent or inadequately treated syphilis should be suspected with the finding of a positive non-specific treponemal serological test (e.g. rapid plasma reagin) and a positive specific treponemal antibody test (e.g. Treponema pallidum haemagglutination), but negative serology does not absolutely exclude infection with T. pallidum, particularly in an immunocompromised host. Parenteral penicillin remains the treatment of choice for cardiovascular syphilis: the World Health Organization and European and United States guidelines recommend benzathine benzylpenicillin 2.4 × 106 units administered once weekly for 3 weeks by the intramuscular route.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC UPDATES AND PERSPECTIVES. NEED FOR AN INTEGRATED AND EQUITABLE APPROACH.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigoris Gerotziafas ◽  
Mariella Catalano ◽  
Ioannis Theodorou ◽  
Patrick van Dreden ◽  
Vincent Marechal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

One year after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and despite the implementation of mandatory physical barriers and social distancing, humanity remains challenged by a long-lasting and devastating public health crisis. Non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) are efficient mitigation strategies. The success of these intense NPI is dependent on the approval and commitment of the population. The launch of a mass vaccination program in many countries in late December 2020 with mRNA vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines has generated hope for the end of the pandemic. Current issues: The continuous appearance of new pathogenic viral strains and the ability of vaccines to prevent infection and transmission raise important concerns as we try to achieve community immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. The need of a second and even third generation of vaccines and the possibility of potentially harmful side-effects of the vaccines (i.e. venous thromboembolism ) have already been acknowledged. Perspectives: There is a critical and urgent need for a balanced and integrated strategy for the management of the COVID-19 outbreaks organized on three axes: (1) Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) Detection and early diagnosis of patients at risk of disease worsening, and (3) Anticipation of medical care (PDA). Conclusion: The “PDA strategy” integrated into state policy for the support and expansion of health systems and introduction of digital organization (i.e. telemedicine, artificial intelligence and machine learning technology) is of major importance for the preservation of citizens’ health and life world-wide.

scholarly journals Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - a clinical example in pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-260
Author(s):  
V. M. Dudnyk ◽  
V. Н. Furman ◽  
I. I. Andrikevych ◽  
N. O. Buglova ◽  
O. V. Кutsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Annotation. Peculiarities of clinical course and differential diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children with coronavirus infection are described. The main features of this disease are long-term fever, multiorgan dysfunction, laboratory signs of inflammation and positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 (polymerase chain reaction using reverse transcription (RT-PCR), antigen test or positive serological test). The criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are used to confirm the MIS-C diagnosis.

Identification of patients as a safety in providing medical care (practical experience)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A. V. Potylitsyn ◽  
◽  
S. N. Beniova ◽  
I. S. Gorelova ◽  
P. F. Kiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
World Health ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Health Organization

Patient safety is one of the priorities in medical care. The leading place in it is occupied by “correct patient identification”. According to research by experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), “misidentification of a patient is the cause of many errors.” The purpose of this work is to assess the implementation of a patient identification system using bracelets in a multidisciplinary hospital. The main idea of the project is based on the use of personal identifiers, made in the form of a disposable white bracelet worn on the patient’s arm, as well as the use of color-coded bracelets (red, yellow, red-yellow), which allows identifying patients at risk of developing life-threatening conditions: high risk falling of the patient and the presence of an allergological history. The introduction of identification bracelets with patient data and a barcode on them increased the percentage of identification performance increased from 67% to 89%. After the introduction of the system of prevention of falls and color identification by bracelets, the number of falls of patients decreased by more than 4 times. Successful integration of the automatic identification system into the workflow of a multidisciplinary hospital significantly reduces the influence of the human factor on the number of medical errors and related preventable consequences for patient health.

scholarly journals False negative HIV antibody test in HIV infected children who receive early antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Alvarez-Uria ◽  
Praveen K. Naik ◽  
Manoranjan Midde ◽  
Shanmugamari Kannan ◽  
Raghuprakash Reddy
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
World Health ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Early Antiretroviral Treatment

<p>With the implementation of 2010 World Health Organization guidelines, the number of infants from developing countries who will initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) will increase considerably. In this study we describe the HIV antibody tests of 14 HIV infected children who initiated ART at age less than one year in a rural setting of India. The HIV rapid test was negative in seven and indeterminate in two cases, whereas the HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody test was negative in three and indeterminate in one case. In one child who had both negative HIV rapid test and ELISA initially, HIV serology turned positive after having a virological failure to ART, suggesting the possibility of utilizing HIV serology for monitoring ART effectiveness in children who experience HIV seroreversion. In conclusion, HIV seroreversion of children with early initiation of ART is common and should be considered for avoiding misdiagnosis of HIV infection.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals A review of patients presenting to accident and emergency department with deliberate self-harm, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephat O. Ani ◽  
Andrew J. Ross ◽  
Laura M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
African Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization has described deliberate self-harm (DSH) as a major global health challenge. Little is known about the profile of patients admitted following DSH at district and regional combo hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the profiles of patients and reasons for admission following DSH.Setting: The study was conducted on data from a busy Accident and Emergency (A&E) department in a combination district and regional hospital situated in Empangeni in northern KwaZulu-Natal.Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study. Data were collected from charts of all patients admitted to the A&E department from April 2012 to March 2013 following DSH. Variables assessed included age, gender, race, occupation, religion, education level, coexisting medical and mental health conditions, and reasons for DSH. Data were entered into SPSS and analysed descriptively.Results: A total of 262 charts were identified and 215 (82%) were selected for inclusion. Most patients admitted following DSH were young, single African women with at least secondary-level education. Most (169/215;78%) admissions were for parasuicide, with relational issues contributing in more than 50% of cases and circumstance challenges contributing in just under 30%.Conclusion: Although an underestimation, DSH is not an uncommon reason for patients to present in the A&E at this district and regional combo hospital. Findings from this study are consistent with those of other studies on DSH and highlight the need for a validated screening tool for the identification of patients at risk of DSH. There is a need to explore community-based intervention, which could address reasons for DSH and prevent future admissions.

scholarly journals COVID-19: The Pediatric Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Batoul Basalom ◽  
Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Fares Sindi ◽  
Feras Mansouri ◽  
Abdullah Kattan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Since the appearance of the novel corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) from Wuhan in China, there have been a lot of researches to uncover the hidden clues that may help in eliminating the outbreak. In a short period of time, the disease has infected millions of people around the globe and was declared as a pandemic by the world health organization (WHO). Different subgroups of the community have been studied and reports have described the course of the disease among pregnant ladies, elders, immunodeficient patients and patients with chronic diseases. However, this review aimed at describing the novel COVID-19 among children and adolescents. The review discusses the prevalence, symptoms, diagnostic investigations, management, and the role of pharmacotherapy of COVID-19. In general, children have a milder course of diseases compared to adults. The symptoms include fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cough, fatigue, and other non-specific symptoms. The diagnosis is usually made with a serological test of a body fluid sample from saliva or nose. The role of radiography in the forms of chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) is not of great benefit to the children. For mild presentations of the disease among children, the management is mainly supportive and there is no indication for antiviral therapy or specific pharmacotherapy except for fever lowering agents like Paracetamol. In terms of prevention, children aged 12 or more can be vaccinated for the objective of preventing the spread of infection, inducing antibody release, and shortening the recovery period.

scholarly journals Evaluation of serological test of Zika in an endemic area of flavivirus in the Colombian Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
German Arrieta ◽  
Salim Mattar ◽  
Yeneiris Villero-Wolf ◽  
Luty Gomezcaceres ◽  
Amanda Doria
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Catalog Number ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Flavivirus Infection ◽  
Acute Patients

Abstract The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted primarily through arthropods, endemic in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, and is considered a global threat by the World Health Organization. Objective To evaluate a commercial Zika virus test (IgG/IgM catalog number B815C, Biocan, Canada. Methods We evaluated 30 sera of patients diagnosed with Dengue, Leptospira, Malaria, Hantavirus, and Chikungunya. To establish the sensitivity of the test, two groups of sera were analyzed, the first one was patients with Zika RT-qPCR positive, and the second were patients RT-qPCR negative but with clinical suspicion of Zika. Results The specificity was of 23.3% (7/30), the sensitivity in acute patients with positive RT-qPCR was of 63.6%, the patients with clinical suspicion of Zika the sensitivity (IgM) was of 80% (n = 8/10). Overall sensitivity (IgM) of both groups was of 71.4% (15/21). Conclusions The test showed a low specificity to be used as a serological test in an endemic area of flavivirus infection.

scholarly journals Attitudes and perceptions of teachers and medical students regarding suicide

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gardenia Amorim ◽  
Marcos Kubrusly ◽  
Sócrates Belém Gomes ◽  
Isabella Cabral Marinho Plens ◽  
Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Medical School ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are around one million deaths by suicide a year worldwide, more than the total sum of deaths caused by wars and homicides, which results in one death every 40 seconds. Despite the existence of several scientific publications on suicide prevention, there have been studies showing that health professionals are not trained to adequately care for individuals at risk of suicide. Objective: This study aimed to understand the attitudes and perceptions of medical school students and teachers regarding suicide. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, which assessed a sample of 180 students attending the 8th and 11th semesters and 57 teachers from different semesters of the evaluated medical courses. The data were obtained by applying the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ), in addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were submitted to descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Regarding professional capacity, the scores were low for both students (median 5.5) and teachers (median 5.25). Students who had seen someone exhibiting suicidal behavior (p = 0.002) and those attending the more advanced semesters (p = 0.04) felt more confident when treating patients at risk of suicide. There was a significant difference regarding the Right to Suicide factor among students who said they were religious (p = 0.001), as also among the teachers who attended religious services with a higher frequency (p = 0.02). Conclusions: We conclude that students and teachers have had little experience with suicide in the assessed medical courses, which contributes to low level of training and the feeling of insecurity, indicating the need to give more importance to the subject in the undergraduate medical school, aiming to allow the acquisition of knowledge and skills for a competent and preventive medical practice regarding suicide.

scholarly journals Atitudes e percepções de professores e estudantes de medicina em relação ao suicídio

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gardenia Amorim ◽  
Marcos Kubrusly ◽  
Sócrates Belém Gomes ◽  
Isabella Cabral Marinho Plens ◽  
Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Medical School ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

Abstract: Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are around one million deaths by suicide a year worldwide, more than the total sum of deaths caused by wars and homicides, which results in one death every 40 seconds. Despite the existence of several scientific publications on suicide prevention, there have been studies showing that health professionals are not trained to adequately care for individuals at risk of suicide. Objective: This study aimed to understand the attitudes and perceptions of medical school students and teachers regarding suicide. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, which assessed a sample of 180 students attending the 8th and 11th semesters and 57 teachers from different semesters of the evaluated medical courses. The data were obtained by applying the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ), in addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were submitted to descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Regarding professional capacity, the scores were low for both students (median 5.5) and teachers (median 5.25). Students who had seen someone exhibiting suicidal behavior (p = 0.002) and those attending the more advanced semesters (p = 0.04) felt more confident when treating patients at risk of suicide. There was a significant difference regarding the Right to Suicide factor among students who said they were religious (p = 0.001), as also among the teachers who attended religious services with a higher frequency (p = 0.02). Conclusions: We conclude that students and teachers have had little experience with suicide in the assessed medical courses, which contributes to low level of training and the feeling of insecurity, indicating the need to give more importance to the subject in the undergraduate medical school, aiming to allow the acquisition of knowledge and skills for a competent and preventive medical practice regarding suicide.

scholarly journals Validation of the INNO-LIA Syphilis Kit as a Confirmatory Assay for Treponema pallidum Antibodies

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ebel ◽  
Lies Vanneste ◽  
Martine Cardinaels ◽  
Erwin Sablon ◽  
Isabelle Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Assay ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT The commercially available diagnostic tests for syphilis are mostly based on the use of extracted antigens of Treponema pallidum . Pronounced cross-reactivities with other spirochete antigens are often reported. The aim of this study was to validate a novel multiparametric assay (the assay performed with the kit) INNO-LIA Syphilis for the confirmation of syphilis antibodies in a set of 840 documented human serum samples. All serum samples were previously tested at the French World Health Organization reference center for venereal diseases (Institute Alfred Fournier, Paris, France), with a consensus result provided for each sample. The study was conducted in two phases, with each phase involving a validation set (500 well-documented serum samples) and an exploratory set (340 serum samples) of serum samples, respectively. By measuring the sensitivity and specificity, we compared the result of the new assay with the consensus result on the basis of the results of a variable number of classical serological methods and clinical information when available. A sensitivity of 99.6% (95% confidence internal [CI], 98.5 to 99.9%) and a specificity of 99.5% (95% CI, 98.1 to 99.9%) were found for the new line immunoassay. Six of seven samples with indeterminate results by classical serology tested positive with the INNO-LIA Syphilis kit. This single multiparametric assay provides reliable confirmatory diagnostic information that must currently be obtained by the performance and interpretation of results of a combination of serological assays.

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