Medications for Anxiety, Depression, and Related Emotional Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
David H. Barlow ◽  
Kristen K. Ellard ◽  
Christopher P. Fairholme ◽  
Todd J. Farchione ◽  
Christina L. Boisseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Chapter 13 explores medications for anxiety, depression, and related emotional disorders. Reasons for taking drugs for emotional disorders are given, along with types of medications such as antidepressant drugs and benzodiazepines and the process of stopping medication is also discussed.

scholarly journals Evidencias de Validez Diagnóstica de la Escala Detectaweb-Malestar

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
José A. Piqueras ◽  
Mariola García-Olcina ◽  
María Rivera-Riquelme ◽  
David Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Diagnostic Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Distress Scale

Evidence of diagnostic validity of the DetectaWeb-Distress ScaleAbstract: The DetectaWeb-Distress Scale is a web-based scale for screening and detecting internalizing disorder symptoms (anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, obsessions and compulsions, and suicidality) in children and adolescents. Previous studies examined the validity and reliability of the scale, however, there are no data on its diagnostic validity. The objective of this study was to examine the evidence of diagnostic validity of the DetectaWeb-Distress scale in a sample of 244 children and adolescents from clinical (n = 51) and community (n = 193) settings, all of them with the diagnostic process completed. The results indicated that the DetectaWeb-Distress scale is a useful measure from a diagnostic point of view, as it discriminates between people with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depressive disorders and suicidality, and those without, presenting ROC values of approximately .80 and good sensitivity and specificity for detecting the main emotional disorders. The DetectaWeb-Distress Scale is a valid measure and diagnostically useful for detecting and identifying children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, depression and suicidality, with the advantage that it is a short measure, specifically developed for Internet use, especially relevant in the era of COVID-19.Keywords: DetectaWeb-Distress; assessment, anxiety, depression, children, adolescents.Evidencias de Validez Diagnóstica de la Escala Detectaweb-Malestar Resumen: La Escala DetectaWeb-Malestar es una escala de detección del malestar emocional a través de internet que evalúa síntomas de trastornos interiorizados (ansiedad, depresión, estrés postraumático, obsesiones y compulsiones y suicidalidad) en niños y adolescentes. Estudios anteriores han examinado la validez y fiabilidad de la escala, sin embargo, no cuenta con datos relativos a su validez diagnóstica. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las evidencias de validez diagnóstica de la escala DetectaWeb-Malestar en una muestra de 244 niños y adolescentes procedentes de contextos clínico (n = 51) y comunitario (n = 193), todos con un proceso diagnóstico completado. Los resultados indicaron que la escala DetectaWeb-Malestar es una medida útil desde el punto de vista diagnóstico, ya que discrimina entre personas con trastornos de emocionales, como son los de ansiedad, depresión y suicidalidad y los que no lo padecen, presentando valores ROC en torno a .80 y adecuada sensibilidad y especificidad para detectar los principales trastornos emocionales. La escala DetectaWeb-Malestar es una medida válida y útil desde el punto de vista diagnóstico para detectar e identificar niños y adolescentes con problemas de ansiedad, depresión y suicidalidad, con la ventaja de que es una medida breve y desarrollada específicamente para su uso a través de Internet, especialmente relevante en la era de la COVID-19.Palabras clave: DetectaWeb-Malestar; evaluación; ansiedad; depresión; niños y adolescentes.

The Anxiety-Depression Spectrum

2014 ◽  
pp. 280-295
Author(s):  
Ovsanna Leyfer ◽  
Timothy A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Review Current

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has undergone considerable revisions since its first publication, with a continuous increase in the number of the anxiety and mood disorder categories. However, many researchers have expressed concern that the expansion of our nosology has resulted in less consideration of the overlapping features of emotional disorders. The purpose of this chapter is to review current issues and empirical evidence pertinent to the classification of anxiety and mood disorders and the relevance of these issues to treatment planning. It discusses discriminant validity, including diagnostic reliability and comorbidity, reviews the existing hierarchical models of emotional disorders, proposes a dimensional approach for classification of anxiety and mood disorders, and reviews transdiagnostic treatments of emotional disorders.

scholarly journals Looking into Pandora's Box between "Everything" and "But" -Depression, Pain of Losses the Next Pandemic of Humanity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mioara Grigoras ◽  
◽  
Anamaria Ciubara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anxiety Depression

This Article seeks to give an overview of how the pandemic has affected society throughout this period, which can be a source of many mental health problems. As in the Spanish influenza pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic and the imposition of measures of social separation, isolation and limitation of contact with other people were, and are still, a major stress factor. The stress associated with this period disrupted the functioning of people both individually and socially, being the main factor of the phenomenon called compensation. Under the current circumstances, people have a predisposition for emotional disorders such as: Anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, anger, Emotional depletion and including post-traumatic symptoms of disorder, according to recent studies by the Lancet analyzing the psychological effects of quarantine. The COVID-19 crisis has a wide range of effects on our mental and emotional health: From negative emotions with greater intensity and duration, such as anxiety and depression, to unfinished emotional mourning, linked both to the loss of loved ones and even to emotional and relational disconnection. Also, all that has happened in recent times makes us live in “collective pain” , we have lost our right to travel without restrictions or the freedom to participate in sad events or family and community joy, we have lost family or friends. In many cases of these losses, the strands of the dollar are also being cut, which is why people need additional support. We need to find solutions to this, because we have to deal with the natural grief caused by human disappearance, as we know it, but also an isolation characteristic of the suffering process that now overlaps the physical isolation imposed by the epidemic. Another important aspect is to prevent instability in the psycho-social element of the human Community. It is clear that there is a need to impose safety measures both jointly and individually. Psychological aspects should be addressed early, so that measures can be taken to reduce the psychological costs of pandemic, perceived isolation and to address uncertainties that can give rise to anxiety and depression. Addressing psychological issues has effects not only in the short term, motivating adherence to pandemic measures, but also in the long term, through lower incidence of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, etc. The fastest change expected after this crisis will be the individual one, each crisis is a chance for every person to look further.

scholarly journals Spanish Adaptation of the Overall Anxiety and Depression Severity and Impairment Scales in University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Jorge Osma ◽  
Víctor Martínez-Loredo ◽  
Amanda Díaz-García ◽  
Alba Quilez-Orden ◽  
Óscar Peris-Baquero
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
University Students ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The lifetime prevalence of emotional disorders in Spain is 4.1% for anxiety and 5.2% for depression, increasing among university students. Considering the scarcity of screenings with adequate psychometric properties, this study aims to explore the validity evidence of the Overall Anxiety/Depression Severity and Impairment Scales (OASIS and ODSIS). A total of 382 university students from the general population were assessed on anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as quality of life. The one-dimensional structure of both the OASIS and ODSIS explained 87.53% and 90.60% of variance, with excellent internal consistency (α = 0.94 and 0.95, respectively) and optimal cut-offs of 4 and 5, respectively. Both scales show a significant moderate association with other measures of anxiety, depression and quality of life. The OASIS and ODSIS have shown good reliability and sound validity evidence that recommend their use for the assessment and early detection of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and associated quality of life impairment in Spanish youth.

scholarly journals Psychological State Researches in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Y.A. Kochetova ◽  
M.V. Klimakova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Media ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The number of studies examining the mental state of people in the covid-19 pandemic is increasing. The problem of mental state of people in a pandemic is important for determining the direction of psychological assistance in the practical work of psychologists and people of assisting professions, as it allows taking into account a number of important factors essential in the organization of this work. The purpose of the article is to review foreign studies of the mental state of different groups of people (health workers, persons who have certain diseases and need assistance; persons who do not have diseases and are part of the so called normal group) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies examining the manifestations of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia in this epidemiological environment are considered. The results of studies showing the role of the media in shaping anxiety and fears among medical professionals are presented. The relationship between personality traits and a certain style of emotional and behavioral reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic has been analyzed. A deep understanding of these psychological processes will help develop and implement more effective preventive programs for emotional disorders such as anxiety, stress and depression arising during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Ehrenreich-May ◽  
Sarah M. Kennedy ◽  
Jamie A. Sherman ◽  
Emily L. Bilek ◽  
David H. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) provides evidence-based treatment strategies to assist child clients to function better in their lives. This treatment is designed for children ages 7 to 13 (although some children just outside this age range may also benefit) who are experiencing feelings of sadness, anxiety, worry, anger, or other emotions that get in the way of their ability to enjoy their lives and feel successful. The workbook is written for children (with corresponding parent sessions presented later in the book) and guides them through each week of the program with education, activities, and examples that will help families to understand the role that emotions play in everyday actions. Children are taught helpful strategies for dealing with strong emotions and will receive support in making choices that will move them closer to their long-term goals. The UP-C takes a transdiagnostic approach to the treatment of emotional disorders and the skills presented are appropriate for children with a large range of emotional challenges, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and other related concerns.

scholarly journals Emotional disorders and their relationship to academic achievement in dental students

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Angela María Sarrazola-Moncada ◽  
Juan David Soto-Faudi ◽  
Luisa Carmona ◽  
Milena Garcia ◽  
Gisela Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction: Emotional disorders can influence the academic performance of students, however, the factors, academic, family and social, can modify this relationship. Aim: To describe the emotional disorders and their relationship with academic performance in the students of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Cooperativa de Colombia University, Medellin, Envigado. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 140 randomly selected students, who were surveyed with sociodemographic information, academic performance and applied a validated instrument for measuring emotional disorders. A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. Results: 140 students participated, the average age was 22,5 years, most women 55,7%. In general the average of the students was of 3.79 with a standard deviation of 0.33 a minimum of 3,0 and a maximum of 4,5. Mainly, a greater percentage of the depressive disorder was found in 18,6% and of anxiety in 13,6% and there was no association with statistical significance between the emotional disorders and the academic performance, according to the chi-square test (p≥0.05, chi-square). Conclusion: The most frequent emotional disorders in dental students were depression and anxiety. Depression occurred more in students with average (good) academic performance.

scholarly journals CHANGES OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOME IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE SHIFT AND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL DISORDERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
I N Abdurasulova ◽  
A V Matsulevich ◽  
E A Tarasova ◽  
I V Kudryavtsev ◽  
I G Nikiforova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Th Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Intestinal Microbiocenosis

Recently, the role of the intestinal microbiota in MS has been actively investigated in connection with its influence the development and activity of immune and nervous systems. It is assumed that immune dysfunction, as well as disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and psycho-emotional functions in patients with MS, may be associated with intestinal microbiocenosis dysbiosis. The aim of the study was to assess changes in the intestinal microbiome in MS patients and to analyze the associations of the bacterial level with various subsets of Th cells in the blood and psycho-emotional disorders. 126 MS patients with disease duration of 12.2 ± 0.9 years and 69 healthy individuals were examined. Intestinal microbiome was determined by the Illumina/Solexa sequencing method. The quantitative content of microbial species was determined by the method of cultivation and real time PCR with specific primers, subsets of Th cells - by flow cytometry. Patients were assessed for anxiety, depression, and asthenia. It was shown that the intestinal microbiome of MS patients was significantly changed compared with healthy individuals: the proportion of Bacteroides, especially of the Prevotellaceae family, was reduced, the proportion of Firmicutes (Bacilli and Clostridia) and Actinobacteria was increased, and the symbiotic species in Enterobacteriaceae family were replaced by opportunistic species. A positive correlation between the level of Bifibobacteria spp. with disease severity and blood levels of DP Th17 CM cells. Enterobacter spp. level correlated with the level of “classical” or Th17/22 CM and DP Th17 EM. Bifidobacteria spp. the level was also associated with the level of depression in patients, the level of Escherichia coli and Prevotella spp. - with anxiety, and the level of atypical E. coli and Sutterella spp. - with asthenia. The data obtained suggest that immune and psycho-emotional disorders in patients with MS can be corrected by normalizing intestinal microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals The Association Between Psychological Symptoms and Self-Reported Temporomandibular Disorders Pain Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Al-Khotani ◽  
Dalia E. Meisha ◽  
Samaa Al Sayegh ◽  
Britt Hedenberg-Magnusson ◽  
Malin Ernberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Several studies have reported an association between temporomandibular disorder pain (TMD-P) and emotional disorders in children and adolescents. However, no studies have reported if self-reported TMD-P in Saudi Arabia is associated with psychosocial symptoms. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the association between self-reported TMD-P with depression, anxiety and somatic problems in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. The hypothesis was that there is an association between self-reported TMD-P and psychological symptoms among children and adolescents.Materials and Methods: The included participants were randomly selected boys and girls aged between 10 and 18 years, with a mean (SD) age of 14.0 (2.3) years. Out of 633 children and adolescents that were invited to participate, 509 voluntarily agreed to participate, and 466 completed all questionnaires. The questionnaires included items retrieved from the Youth Self Report (YSR) and Axis II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) besides demographic data, medical history, and presence of oral parafunctions. To assess the presence of self-reported TMD-Pain, each participant was verbally asked two validated questions regarding the presence of TMD-P and dysfunction (2Q-TMD).Results: Self-reported TMD-P in children and adolescents was significantly associated with anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and social problems (P < 0.0001). Further, the frequencies of anxiety, depression, and somatic disorders were more evident among children and adolescents who suffered from TMD-P (P < 0.0001). The odds of reporting TMD-P in children and adolescents was 1.4 times for border line and clinical diagnosis scores for anxiety and withdrawal depression domains, and 2.6 times for the somatic symptoms' domains. However, in the multiple regression model after controlling for possible confounders, only somatic symptoms and social scores were significant. Moreover, self-reported TMD-P was twice as prevalent among girls compared to boys.Conclusion: This study reports a significant association between psychosocial burden and presence of self-reported TMD-Pain, with a stronger impact on girls than boys. There were significantly higher number of participants with self-reported TMD-P reporting a poor oral and general health. In addition, self-reported TMD-P was higher among those with borderline and clinically diagnosed anxiety/depression scores. Based on this finding, the current study supports that an early approach and recognition of children and adolescents with anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and TMD problems. This could result in a lesser burden for these children and adolescents both in regard to pain and psychosocial implications with increased quality of life.

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