Affective Trajectories Before and After a Quit Attempt Among Smokers With Current Depressive Disorders

SummarySixty-eight depressed out-patients were allocated to treatment with either oral amitriptyline (75–225 mg/day) or intramuscular flupenthixol decanoate (10–30 mg every 14 days) in flexible dosage for 12 weeks under double-blind procedures. Various observer- and self-rating scales were applied before and after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Twenty-four patients completed the course of amitriptyline and 20 the course of flupenthixol. All variables improved over time, but there were no significant differences between the two drugs. The Newcastle scores pre-treatment were not related to drug response suggesting that both drugs were similarly effective across a wide spectrum of depressive disorders. Patients on amitriptyline tended to complain of dry mouth; those on flupenthixol had a higher incidence of extrapyramidal signs, the majority receiving anti-parkinsonian drugs at some time during the treatment. Flupenthixol decanoate in low dose is a useful anti-depressant, but should be restricted to short courses of treatment, to patients refractory to other treatments, and to patients suspected of poor compliance.

Download Full-text

Investigating associations of childhood abuse and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels with suicidal behaviours in patients with depressive disorders

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2021.82 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jae-Min Kim ◽

Ju-Wan Kim ◽

Hee-Ju Kang ◽

Ju-Yeon Lee ◽

Sung-Wan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempt ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Pharmacologic Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Serum Bdnf ◽

Previous Suicide Attempt

Background The role of childhood abuse and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in suicidal behaviour is controversial. Aims We aimed to investigate the individual and interactive effects of the childhood abuse and serum BDNF on suicidal behaviour before and after pharmacologic treatment in patients with depressive disorders. Method At baseline, reported childhood emotional, physical and sexual abuse were ascertained and serum BDNF levels were measured in 1094 patients with depressive disorder, 884 of whom were followed during a 1-year period of stepwise pharmacotherapy. Suicidal behaviours evaluated at baseline were previous suicide attempt and baseline suicide severity, and suicidal behaviours evaluated at follow-up were increased suicide severity and fatal/non-fatal suicide attempt. Individual and interactive associations of any childhood abuse and serum BDNF levels with four types of suicidal behaviours were analysed using logistic regression models, after adjusting relevant covariates. Results Individual associations of childhood abuse were significant only with previous suicide attempt, and no significant individual associations were found for serum BDNF with any suicide outcome. However, the presence of both childhood abuse and lower serum BDNF levels was associated with the highest prevalence/incidence of all four suicidal behaviours, with significant interactions for baseline suicide severity and fatal/non-fatal suicide attempt during follow-up. Conclusions Synergistic interactive effects of child abuse and serum BDNF levels on suicidal behaviours were found before and after pharmacologic treatment in patients with depressive disorders. Information combining childhood abuse and serum BDNF levels could improve predictions of suicidal behaviour in patients with depressive disorders.

Download Full-text

The Time-Varying Relations Between Risk Factors and Smoking Before and After a Quit Attempt

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntx225 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1231-1236 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matthew D Koslovsky ◽

Emily T Hébert ◽

Michael D Swartz ◽

Wenyaw Chan ◽

Luis Leon-Novelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Time Varying ◽

Quit Attempt ◽

Before And After

Download Full-text

Quitting Attempts in Bangladeshi Male Rural Smokers and Social Correlates

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v42i2.31998 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 53-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meerjady Sabrina Flora ◽

Iqbal Kabir ◽

Monira Akter Moni

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Service Needs ◽

Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smoking Restrictions ◽

Quit Attempt ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Before And After ◽

Bangladeshi Population

Smokers lose, on average, about ten years of life, while smokers who quit before age of 35 years have mortality rates similar to those who never smoked. There is lack of support for smokers in their quitting attempt as well as empirical data to design support strategies. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2012 in rural Tangail, to identify the smoking quitting attempts and its correlates in Bangladeshi population. A total of 505 adult rural smokers were enlisted, and interviewed using a pretested questionnaire in Bangla. Pearsons chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were done to find out the association before and after controlling for the effects of other variables. The recruited samples were between the ages of 18 and 80 years with a mean (SD) of 42.62 (13.10) years. About three-fourth of the participants (72.5%) did not have any plan to quit smoking. Only 8.4% tried to quit smoking within last 12 months and 13.6% ever in their smoking life, and 5.2% stopped smoking at least for a month. Intention to quit smoking associated with education (p=0.025), age at starting smoking (p <0.001), type of smokers (p <0.001) and number of smoker friends (p <0.001). Type of smokers (p=0.001) and number of smoker friends (p=0.002) showed influence on quitting attempt. Quit attempt was least common at homes (p <0.001) and workplaces (p <0.001) were there was no smoking restrictions. Only 5% tea stalls and 6% restaurants had partial smoking restrictions. About 60% respondents family and 70% colleagues never tried to influence smokers to smoking. Those who were more frequently told more commonly tried to quit smoking (p<0.001). The study revealed that smoking quitting intention and attempt both are at very low level in rural Bangladeshi males, and social attributes significantly correlated to intention and attempting smoking quit. Family and social support in quitting and restrictions at home and workplace might have role in motivating the smokers to quit smoking. To encourage smoking cessation, counseling service needs to be established and quitting aids should be made available at an affordable cost.

Download Full-text

Tax is a motivating factor to make a quit attempt from smoking: a study before and after the April 2010 tax increase

Journal of Primary Health Care ◽

10.1071/hc11283 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kirsty MacFarlane ◽

Janine Paynter ◽

Bruce Arroll ◽

Ben Youdan

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Excise Tax ◽

Quit Attempt ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Tobacco Tax ◽

Before And After ◽

Motivating Factor

INTRODUCTION: Increasing excise tax on tobacco is one of the most powerful and cost-effective smoking interventions. Despite this evidence, there has been no substantial tax increase in New Zealand between 2000 and 2010. In April 2010 a 10% tax increase on factory-made cigarettes and a 24% tax increase on loose leaf tobacco was implemented. AIM: To evaluate the effect of cost as a motivating reason for smokers to make a quit attempt before and after the 2010 tobacco tax increase. METHODS: A regression analysis of a cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from August to October 2009 and compared with data collected in July 2010. RESULTS: In 2009, 25.5% of smokers cited cost as a reason for trying to quit smoking compared with 55.6% in 2010. The adjusted odds of making a quit attempt with cost as a reason were 3.6 (95% CI 2.3–5.6, P=<0.001). Furthermore, smokers were more likely to make a quit attempt in 2010 than in 2009. Thirty percent of smokers made at least one quit attempt in 2009 and 39% made a quit attempt in 2010 (adjusted odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 0.95–2.3, P=<0.1) DISCUSSION: The recent tax increase on tobacco in New Zealand has resulted in more smokers making an attempt to quit smoking and more smokers identifying cost as a motive for quitting. KEYWORDS: Smoking; smoking cessation; tobacco; taxes; New Zealand

Download Full-text

The risk factors for depression in first myocardial infarction patients

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704001965 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1083-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

C. M. DICKENS ◽

C. PERCIVAL ◽

L. McGOWAN ◽

J. DOUGLAS ◽

B. TOMENSON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Younger Age ◽

Before And After ◽

First Myocardial Infarction

Background. Depression affects outcome following myocardial infarction but the risk factors for such depression have been little studied. This study considered whether the causes of depression occurring before and after myocardial infarction were similar to those of depression in the general population.Method. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital following their first myocardial infarction were interviewed with the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry to detect psychiatric disorders and the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule to assess recent stress. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at entry to the study and 1 year later and the risk factors associated with a high score at both times were assessed.Results. Of 314 (88% of eligible) patients who were recruited, 199 (63%) were male and 63 (20%) had depressive disorders. Logistic regression identified the following as independently associated with depressive disorder that had been present for at least 1 month before the myocardial infarction: younger age, female sex, past psychiatric history, social isolation, having marked non-health difficulties and lack of a close confidant. At follow-up 269/298 (90%) responded; of 189 participants not depressed at first assessment, 39 (21%) became depressed by the 1 year follow-up. Logistic regression identified frequent angina as the only significant predictor of raised HADS scores at 12 months.Conclusions. Depression developing during the year following myocardial infarction does not have the same risk factors as that which precedes myocardial infarction. Further clarification of the mechanisms linking depression to poor outcome may require separation consideration of pre- and post-myocardial infarction depression, and its risk factors.

Download Full-text

MELATONIN EXCHANGE AT MULTIMORBID CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGYWITH ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED MEN

HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I I Mechnikov ◽

10.17816/mechnikov20157360-65 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

M A Aflitonov ◽

S A Partsernyak ◽

A N Mironenko ◽

A S Partsernyak ◽

A A Topanova

Keyword(s):

Standard Therapy ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Test Methods ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Before And After ◽

Group 2 ◽

Biochemical Indices

Evaluate melatonin (MT) patterns excretion at multimorbid cardiovascular pathology (MCVP) (coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MS)) with non-psychot- ic mental disorders (NPMD) anxiety/ depressive type. Identify the effectiveness of visual-auditory ef- fects in the treatment of these pathologies. Design and methods: The study included 70 men (mean age 37,46±6,74) with MCVP divided into 4 groups by simple random sampling, and 20 healthy men (mean age 38,3±6,73 g). Patients in Group 1 (n = 22) received standard therapy CAD, hypertension and NPMD, in group 2 (n = 25) standard therapy CAD, hypertension, NPMD and visual-auditory correction. Patients of group 3 (n = 23) received standard therapy CAD, hypertension, NPMD, visual-auditory correction and psychotherapy. Used in the study: complex psychological test methods and laboratory-instrumental evaluation of the cardiovascular system. Definition of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT) performed by ELI- SA using kits BÜHLMANNEK-M6S. Results: Identified change normal «dipper» pattern to «non- dip- per» and «night-peaker» (daily index blood pressure and 0-10% <0% (p <0,001) in all treatment groups. Patients 3 group observed achievement reference values of the night excretion after treatment 458±64-» 798±32 (before and after treatment, respectively) (p <0,001). In all groups after treatment was observed significantly change the type of NDP «severe depression», «clinical anxiety» to «mild depression»; «sub- clinical anxiety» (p <0,001). Conclusions: Patients with MCVP have abnormalities of MT content char- acterized by a decrease in nocturnal excretion of 6-SMT. Night pattern of 6-SMT excretion significantly correlated with severity of anxiety/ depression before and after treatment. Results of patients treated with visual auditory correction significantly better than patients of other groups (obtained reference intervals MT excretion, biochemical indices and normalization of psychological tests).

Download Full-text

To evaluate the efficacy of Brahmi Ghrita in the management of Vishada (depression)

Ayurline: International Journal of Research in Indian Medicine ◽

10.52482/ayurline.v5i03.555 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Pravin Mali

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

The Body ◽

Intellectual Ability ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Before And After ◽

Major Depressive Disorders ◽

The Subject

Depressed mood, helplessness, worthlessness and hopelessness were the symptoms present in more than 95% of the subjects. 33 subjects displaying the symptoms of Vishada (Depression) within the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Subjects with suicidal tendencies, other psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorders, and pregnant women were excluded. A dose of 6 grams of Brahmi Ghrita was given twice a day. The effect of the therapy was assessed using Hamilton’s Depression Rating Scale, and Self prepared. Rating Scale of Vishada, based on the scoring achieved by the subject before and after treatment. The result of the study can be summarized as follows - the overall effect of the therapy proves that after thirty days of treatment many symptoms of depression decrease in magnitude, with statistical significance. The drugs present in Brahmi Ghrita are Srotoshodhaka and medhya (purify the channels of the body and improves intellectual ability), Vatanulomaka ( corrects the direction of the flow of vata), Vatahara (reduce the level of Vata present in the body), and stimulant in nature. These properties inherently remove the avarana of Kapha and act on Vata. At this juncture, we can conclude that Brahmi Ghrita has good results in managing Vishada (Depression), within thirty days of treatment.

Download Full-text

Modern strategies for the treatment of psychoemotional stress in patients with heart coronary disease after myocardial revascularization.

Modern medical technologies ◽

10.34287/mmt.1(40).2019.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

B. M. Holdovskyy ◽

I. V. Filimonova, ◽

S. O. Potalov ◽

K. V. Serikov ◽

D. V. Lelyuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Myocardial Revascularization ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Postinfarction Cardiosclerosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Coronary heart disease in many countries of the world, including in Ukraine, causes high rates of morbidity, disability and mortality. The study of factors affecting the occurrence, course, prognosis and effectiveness of drug therapy for coronary artery disease is important and relevant. One of such factors is the psychological disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum, which often occur in patients with myocardial infarction and after coronary artery bypass grafting; therefore, such patients should be carefully examined for affective disorders and receive appropriate drug therapy.Purpose of the study. Improvement of diagnosis and optimization of patients treatment with ischemic heart disease with concomitant anxiety-depressive disorders after myocardial revascularization.Material and methods. The results of the study are based on survey data and dynamic observation of 95 patients with coronary heart disease, postinfarction cardiosclerosis after myocardial revascularization. The patients underwent examination during the initial examination and after 12 weeks.Results of the study and their discussion.In the study of the psychoemotional state in the patients examined after the treatment, a significant decrease in anxiety manifestations was revealed by 36,4% against the group without fluvoxamine, where there was no significant difference before and after treatment. The manifestations of depressive disorder in the fluvoxamine group significantly decreased after treatment by 45,8 (HADS) and by 47,0% (Beck), in contrast to the group without fluvoxamine, where there was no significant difference before and after treatment.Conclusions. Thus, it has been proved that with the addition of fluvoxamine to combined therapy for patients with ischemic heart disease, postinfarction cardiosclerosis after revascularization of the myocardium shows a more pronounced decrease in the manifestations of anxiety-depressive disorder. Keywords:anxiety-depressive disorders, ischemic heart disease, revascularization of myocardium, antidepressants.

Download Full-text