Food

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Most ◽  
Aldea Mulhern
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Dietary Laws ◽  
Eating Practices

Food studies is a burgeoning field that crosses many disciplinary lines, and that has increasingly turned academic attention toward foodways, or the processes by which meaning is made around food. Jewish food studies, while not yet a field, is a topic of increasing interest for scholars in Jewish studies. The coexistence of an Oxford Bibliographies article Dietary Laws (by David Kraemer) and this one on Jews and food attests to the first important distinction to be made about the field: kashrut and Jewish food are not coterminous. Indeed, Jews and food is the larger category, encompassing not only the food laws and the commentary and practice that surround them, but all food acts and ideas that are undertaken in reference either to the laws of kashrut, to Judaism, or to Jews. Food is an extraordinarily capacious topic, touching on every discipline, historical period, and geographical delineation in Jewish studies. Scholars have long considered Jewish food and eating practices within their particular areas of interest and have used food practices to explain developments in religious practice and ritual, to set historical and cultural context, to describe Jewish relations with non-Jews, and to trace the pathways of Jewish Diaspora experience. Food practices have served as political and economic markers of change in Jewish life, and data on holiday observance, ritual, variations in kashrut practice, and other foodways provide a fascinating window into the social realities of Jews in many times and places. Jewish food has also offered a rich avenue into the study of gender and of women’s experience in Jewish life. Recently, Food studies has become its own scholarly category, and a number of scholars in Jewish studies have begun to work seriously in this area, developing new field-specific methodologies for making use of information about food and eating practices. This article catalogues both works that incorporate food as a topic, and works that are intentionally situated within the field of food studies. At least two important journals in the field of Jewish studies are currently in the process of compiling special issues on the topic of Jews and food, and so we anticipate this article will grow considerably over the next few years. At this point, the article addresses scholarship in English only and so leans heavily on North American scholarship and topics, but we likewise anticipate adding sources in other languages in the future.

scholarly journals Social representations of dietary practices and their determinants in a Moroccan community

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Imane Barakat ◽  
Mohammed Elayachi ◽  
Rekia Belahsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Education Professional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Professional Occupation ◽  
Eating Practices

Food is a multidimensional science that has appeal among other social representations of food practices. This study aimed to characterize and identify the determinants of eating practices according to the social representations of a population in the Rabat-Salé-Kenitra (RSK) region of Morocco. Data concerning socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. The social representations of dietary practices were obtained by characterizing three dietary practices. The main results showed that the high proportion of the study population is over 34 years old, is female, is married, and resides in the urban area. The most characteristic of good dietary practices chosen by the majority of the population was palatability, the factor chosen as the least characteristic of good dietary practices was traditional preparations. Among the studied factors, age, gender, higher level of education, professional occupation, "married" marital status, and involvement in purchasing and food preparation within the household are the determinants of certain representations.

THE LANGUAGE OF OLD BELIEVERS' COUNCIL DECISIONS. ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CONCEPT "SOBOR"

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Lüdke ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Semantic Description ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Speech Genre

The paper includes the results of research into the language reflected in the texts of Old Believers’ council decisions. For that purpose a large diachronic corpus of such texts of speech genre was used. The research focused on the concept “sobor”, one of the central concepts in the discourse on Old Believers and very frequent in their sources. The analysis consisted of a lexical-semantic description based on the interrelation between the language material and the socio-cultural context of the corresponding historical period. The methods of sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics and lexical semantics were combined in order to obtain a new approach to the texts of Old Believers’ council decisions. The result of the research is a detailed overview of the specific way the concept “sobor” evolved in the Old Believers’ sources. It outlines the dynamics within that confessional community and compares the development of the described concept to the processes in the standard Russian language

Place in Modern Jewish Culture and Society

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
Babylonian Talmud ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
German Jews ◽  
Jewish Experience ◽  
Production Of Culture

Notions of place have always permeated Jewish life and consciousness. The Babylonian Talmud was pitted against the Jerusalem Talmud; the worlds of Sepharad and Ashkenaz were viewed as two pillars of the Jewish experience; the diaspora was conceived as a wholly different experience from that of Eretz Israel; and Jews from Eastern Europe and “German Jews” were often seen as mirror opposites, whereas Jews under Islam were often characterized pejoratively, especially because of their allegedly uncultured surroundings. Place, or makom, is a strategic opportunity to explore the tensions that characterize Jewish culture in modernity, between the sacred and the secular, the local and the global, the historical and the virtual, Jewish culture and others. The plasticity of the term includes particular geographic places and their cultural landscapes, theological allusions, and an array of other symbolic relations between locus, location, and the production of culture. This volume includes twelve chapters that deal with various aspects of particular places, making each location a focal point for understanding Jewish life and culture. The text sheds light on the vicissitudes of the twentieth century in relation to place and Jewish culture. The chapters continue the ongoing discussion in this realm and provide further insights into the historiographical turn in Jewish studies.

Networks, Conventions, and Regions: Theorizing ‘Worlds of Food’

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Morgan ◽  
Terry Marsden ◽  
Jonathan Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
System P ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Conventions Theory ◽  
Global Food

Food is a long-standing productive activity which carries a number of different production and consumption attributes. However, much of the recent literature focuses on a limited number of such attributes—namely, the transformation of the food chain and, more in general, of production sites. In particular, much attention has been paid to globalization, the growing power of transnational corporations and their relentless exploitation of nature. In this chapter we argue that this kind of focus is not alone sufficient to account for the growing complexity of contemporary agri-food geography. Growing concerns about food safety and nutrition are leading many consumers in advanced capitalist countries to demand quality products that are embedded in regional ecologies and cultures. This is creating an alternative geography of food, based on ecological food chains and on a new attention to places and natures, that, as we will see in Ch. 3, reveals a very different mosaic of productivity—one that contrasts in important respects with the dominant distribution of productive activities so apparent in the global food sector (Gilg and Battershill, 1998; Ilbery and Kneafsey, 1998). Our aim is to develop an analytical approach that can aid our understanding of this new agri-food geography and can introduce a greater appreciation of the complexity of the contemporary food sector. To this end, we begin by considering work on the globalization of the food sector and by showing that recent analyses have usefully uncovered some of the key motive forces driving this process—most notably the desire by industrial capitals both to ‘outflank’ the biological systems and to disembed food from a traditional regional cultural context of production and consumption. After considering the recent assertion of regionalized quality (which can be seen as a response to the outflanking manoeuvres inherent in industrialization), we examine approaches such as political economy, actor–network theory, and conventions theory that have made significant in-roads into agri-food studies and have revealed differing aspects of the modern food system.

Emma Goldman

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Radical Feminist ◽  
Authority Structure ◽  
Emma Goldman

Both in the United States and internationally, the anarchist Emma Goldman earned a reputation as a prominent Jewish radical feminist. Goldman became a household name at a time when that was extremely rare for a woman. Anarchism and Emma Goldman played a significant role in US politics around the turn into the 20th century, as they were also key for the development of US Jewish life, feminism, and the Left more generally. Like most Jews in the United States, even in her day, Goldman was secular, and also identifiably Jewish culturally. She was concerned about the potential statism of Zionism, but at the time most Jews in the United States and globally, of all political stripes, were similarly not Zionist. She also never hesitated to offer apt critiques of Jews whose politics differed from hers. Identified as “the most dangerous anarchist in America” of her day and a most dangerous woman, she was accused of terrorism for her political ideals and activism in a way that foreshadowed the ensuing century of US elites targeting justice workers by calling them terrorists. More broadly for Jews and Jewish studies, anarchist theory and what that meant for this Jewish feminist activist and thinker are among the best frames for understanding Jewish life without a central authority structure, and particularly in the diasporic context.

Consenso informato, autodeterminazione e libertÀ nella giurisprudenza

2012 ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
Amedeo Santosuosso ◽  
Valentina Sellaroli
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conceptual Core

In recent decades informed consent has become simply the expression of the fundamental rights of individuals despite the fact that some signs of its ambiguous nature still remain. This means that the idea of informed consent is very much influenced by external values, by the specific cultural context or by the laws in force in a certain historical period. The great amount of national and international legal references lead us to believe that, in this matter, there is a common constitutional sense, whose conceptual core is shared by the whole society and which consists of fundamental rights to self determination and to health as defined thanks to recent medical and scientific innovations. In this contribution, we shall address issues relating to individual liberty rights, examine a number of Italian and European judicial decisions concerning the right to life and self determination and consider the relationship between civil and criminal principles in matters of self determination in the light of constitutional principles deriving from the conclusion that the concept of individual from a legal perspective differs from the concept of individual from a biological perspective and that the biological boundary itself of any individual may be modified in several personal ways.

Commensality as citizenship. An Ethnographic Journey through Food and Migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
Franca Bimbi ◽  
Paolo Gusmeroli
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Secular Rituals ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

This introduction to the special issue Food, Migration, Passages. Foodways which are brought and met, outlines encounters and misunderstandings between Migra-tion Studies and Food Studies. Focusing on the ambivalent power relations in both doing and writing ethnographies, we discuss the increasing concern for the analysis of the way in which material and cultural dimensions in food practices intertwine. The metaphor and reality of migrants' "food suitcase", and the journey it makes, is used to consider analogies between commensality/conviviality in food dynamics and citizenship processes. The individual and collective acts of commensali-ty/conviviality define boundaries through secular rituals and normative require-ments, in the same way as citizenship policies define territorial and legal borders limit the inclusion of migrants. Food that circulates, in the next six articles, mirrors the inequalities and interdependencies of the subjects involved, as well as their dif-ferent possibilities of agency

Food in the Rabbinic Era

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-82
Author(s):  
David C. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Biblical Law ◽  
Rabbinic Judaism ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Dietary Laws ◽  
Eating Practices ◽  
Common Era

Jews continued to live in the Mediterranean region during the first ten centuries of the Common Era, and their diet remained based around the Mediterranean triad of wine, olive oil, and bread. Because the Israelite system of sacrificial worship ended at the end of the first century CE, the role of food in the economy and religion changed significantly. Religious scholars known as rabbis emerged and expanded the biblical concept of Torah and the scope of biblical law and produced an abundant literature—including the Talmud—representing their traditions, opinions, practices, and halakha (practical Jewish law). They developed food blessings and rituals for daily, Sabbath, and holiday observances as well as kashrut, the Jewish dietary laws, which restricted food choices, combinations, and foods prepared by non-Jews. By the end of this era, Jews appear to have accepted Rabbinic Judaism and were distinctive in their eating practices and food-centered rituals.

Modern Kabbalah

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Phillip Brown
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Jewish Mysticism ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Academic Study

Though the academic study of Kabbalah began in the late 19th century, the definitive contributions of Gershom Scholem, beginning in the 1920s, truly set the field into motion. His studies modeled a text-driven history of ideas approach to rabbinic Judaism’s esoteric sciences, chronicling their appearance in the Middle Ages, and their manifold evolutions into the modern period. However, due in part to Scholem’s ambivalence with respect to the Possibility of Jewish Mysticism in Our Time, the academic study of modern and contemporary forms of Kabbalah has only emerged as an independent area of investigation since the scholar’s death. Scholars are divided on how to pinpoint a precise historical moment when the medieval Kabbalah became modern. They are similarly divided over what criteria should determine the modernity of Kabbalah. Kabbalah and Jewish Modernity and Ha-ḳabalah ba-’et ha-ḥadashah ke-teḥom meḥkar otonomi (Modern Kabbalah as an Autonomous Domain of Research) make the case that the Kabbalistic fellowships of the early modern period (see Oxford Bibliographies in Jewish Studies article Safed) (16th-17th centuries) introduced sociological and psychological innovations to classical Kabbalistic paradigms of theology and religious practice which, they propose, already exemplify Jewish modernity. Without attempting to arbitrate the disputed criteria of Kabbalistic modernity, this bibliography focuses heuristically on developments from the 18th century onward. According to Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, Kabbalah found itself in a difficult position in the aftermath of the Sabbatian movement, a putative messianic “heresy” whose chief ideologues based their beliefs upon doctrines of the Safed kabbalist R. Isaac Luria. Was post-Sabbatian Kabbalah, then, heretical by association? Even the participation of some proponents of Lurianic traditions in anti-Sabbatian polemic, discussed in The Kabbalistic Culture of Eighteenth-Century Prague: Ezekiel Landau (The ‘Noda Biyehudah’) and His Contemporaries, could not shore up latter-day enthusiasm for the dissemination, study, and creative development of the teachings attributed to Luria. The vigorous rise of Hasidism in eastern Europe in the 18th century, by far the most represented development in the scholarship of modern Jewish mysticism, is the clearest evidence that the widespread condemnation of the Sabbatian movement did not cork-up the spirit of Kabbalistic creativity. Because such cognate topics are represented by separate Oxford Bibliographies in Jewish Studies entries (current or forthcoming), this article does not directly cover Safed, Sabbatianism, or Hasidism. Nor does this article cover the important topic of Christian Kabbalah, which merits a full bibliography of its own. Rather, it highlights the principal trajectories of modern and contemporary Kabbalah—construed mainly as confessionally-Jewish phenomena—from the 18th century to the present day. It covers the major trends of rabbinic mysticism from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Kabbalistic elements in popular religion during the modern era, Kabbalah in modern Jewish thought, the production and consumption of Kabbalistic texts, as well as contemporary manifestations of Kabbalah. Other topics covered include the modern study of Jewish mysticism, as well as Kabbalah, science, and modern psychology.

scholarly journals Does Female Employment Always Undermine Marriage? Working Wives and Family Stability in Different Contexts of Italian Society

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Todesco
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Marital Disruption ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Event History ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Family Stability ◽  
Clear Cut

Previous research has shown that the association between female employment and risk of marital disruption is still far from clear-cut, partly because certain theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that it may vary according to different conditions. The purpose of this study is to reassess the association between female employment and marital stability in Italy, by viewing it as contingent on historical period, institutional and cultural context and wives’ gender ideology. The relative risk of marital disruption is estimated using discrete time event-history models. The empirical findings clearly show that wives’ employment in this country seems to be disruptive for marriages, and its effect remains constant across the different conditions tested in the analysis.

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