Anti-Japanese War
The Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争 (kangRi zhanzheng), or the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japan 中国人民抗日战争 (Zhongguo renmin kangRi zhanzheng), dates from July 1937 to 1945 (or in some interpretations the war dates from the so-called Manchurian Incident of 18 September 1931) and was the most bitter and destructive war the region had experienced. Millions of Chinese soldiers and civilians were killed or injured during the Japanese invasion and occupation, and millions more became refugees for the duration of the conflict. The failure to fully reconcile the legacy of the war has led to ongoing tensions and diplomatic wrangles between China and Japan over different interpretations of the past and continues to de-stabilize East Asia. The subject of the Anti-Japanese War has long been the focus of academic attention but has benefited in particular in the last two decades from the opening of archives, declassification of documents, and publication of memoirs, letters, and diaries: this, in turn, has produced a much richer understanding of an increasingly wider spectrum of topics including the role of women, cities at war, visual and popular cultural studies, among others. Despite the depth and breadth of scholarly engagement with the topic, the Anti-Japanese War continues to be a contested and sometimes emotive field of study (particularly in relation to war responsibility and the difficulties surrounding reconciliation), and the field would benefit from further collaborative efforts to address some of these issues.