scholarly journals The Impact of Recent Antibiotic Usage on Oropharyngeal Neisseria spp. in MSM of Hanoi, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S105-S105
Author(s):  
Huan Dong ◽  
Hoa Thi Nguyen ◽  
Minh Binh Xuan Nguyen ◽  
Trung Vu Nguyen ◽  
Folasade May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Susceptibility Status ◽  
Commensal Neisseria

Abstract Background Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) has a long history of gaining resistance to nearly all antimicrobials used for treatment since the 1930s, which makes susceptibility to last-line cephalosporins of dire importance. Horizontal gene transmission is highly prevalent among the Neisseria genus, with genetic fragments from common commensal Neisseria having been found in resistant NG strains. Globally, NG disproportionately affects men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and nearly all ceftriaxone-resistant cases have been reported from pharyngeal samples. Our study aims to assess the impact of antibiotic usage on the antimicrobial susceptibility of oropharyngeal Neisseria spp. Methods MSM from Hanoi, Vietnam, were surveyed regarding antibiotic usage. Pharyngeal swabs were collected and cultured on chocolate and modified-Thayer–Martin agar. Neisseria spp. were subcultured, identified using MALDI-TOF, and antimicrobial susceptibility determined by E-test using NG CLSI MIC breakpoints to ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefixime (CFM), ceftriaxone (CRO), and cefpodoxime (CPD). Results The 225 MSM surveyed were young (mean age 23.9 years, std 4.4). In the past 6 months: 41.6% participants used any antibiotics, among whom 62.4% did not have a prescription; 6.6% used CFM (16.4% more were unsure), among whom 55.6% did not have a prescription; and 4.5% received CRO. From 72 swabs, 102 Neisseria isolates were obtained; N. flavescens (n = 59), N. perflava (n = 14), N. macacae (n = 8), N. sublfava (n = 7), N. gonorrhoeae (n = 5), N. mucosa (n = 3), N. meningitides (n = 3), N. cinerea (n = 2), and N. lactamica (n = 1). 
“Reduced susceptibility” status for any Neisseria spp. was 35.3, 10, 8, and 30% to CIP, CFM, CRO, and CPD, respectively; 61.8% were “resistant” to CIP. MSM who took any antibiotics in the past 6 months were almost twice as likely to have Neisseria spp. with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins (CFM, CRO, or CPD), RR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1–3.2; P = 0.026) compared with non-antibiotic users. Conclusion Many MSM in Hanoi used antibiotics recently, often without a prescription. Antibiotic use was associated with antimicrobial “reduced susceptibility” of commensal Neisseria spp. to cephalosporins, possibly potentiating resistance acquisition by NG. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Decreased Cephalosporin Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Neisseria Species in Antibiotic-using Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hanoi, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan V Dong ◽  
Loc Q Pham ◽  
Hoa T Nguyen ◽  
Minh X B Nguyen ◽  
Trung V Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Neisseria Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Commensal Neisseria

Abstract Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections are a global health burden. NG resistance to cephalosporins, which is increasingly reported, is an imminent threat to public health. Many hypothesize that commensal Neisseria species are an important reservoir for genetic material conferring antimicrobial resistance in NG; however, clinical data are lacking. Methods Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam, completed a questionnaire regarding antibiotic use. We collected pharyngeal specimens, cultured Neisseria species, and measured minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ciprofloxacin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime. Using MIC criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility in NG, we categorized the Neisseria species and compared mean MIC levels between different antibiotic user groups. Results Of 207 participants, 38% used at least 1 antibiotic in the past 6 months; 52% without a prescription. A median of 1 Neisseria species was cultured from each participant (range, 1–4) with 10 different Neisseria species identified overall. The proportion of Neisseria with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was 93%, cefpodoxime 84%, cefixime 31%, and ceftriaxone 28%. Antibiotic use within the past month was strongly associated with Neisseria species having increased MICs to cefixime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime (mean MIC ratios of 6.27, 4.11, and 7.70, respectively), compared with those who used antibiotics between 1 and 6 months prior (P < .05, all comparisons). Conclusions MSM in our study often used antibiotics without a prescription. At least 1 commensal Neisseria species colonized all men. Recent use of any antibiotics may select for oropharyngeal Neisseria species with antimicrobial resistance. The normal flora of the oropharynx may be an important source of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals Sciences and audiences along the last century: the impact of Astronomy Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ros ◽  
Beatriz Garca
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Teachers ◽  
Astronomy Education ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Science Activities

AbstractJust as in the past, the development of the natural sciences and in particular of astronomy has changed the history of humanity. If we think about the role of our discipline into the future, it shows its enormous power in the field of education, owing to the possibility of awakening interest in science in very varied audiences. Within the framework of the enormous progress made in the technologies related to astronomy, many of them of daily use, the role of the astronomer in the era of Communications acquires fundamental importance.In this presentation, we will try to make a journey through the different ways of presenting astronomical topics for different audiences over the last 100 years. In turn, we will show some specific achievements, associated with education programmes of the discipline. We discuss the impact produced by proposals that are both rigorous in terms of content, and also appeal to the development of the human being in an integral manner, within the framework of citizen science activities.For this research, we have taken into account the uninterrupted development of the NASE programme, which has performed 112 courses in 24 countries throughout the world and in different languages. NASE has involved 4966 secondary teachers in the last eight years.

scholarly journals Parental self-medication with antibiotics for children promotes antibiotic over-prescribing in clinical settings in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayao Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Kai Sing Sun ◽  
Leesa Lin ◽  
Xudong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
The Past ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is one of the most dangerous inappropriate antibiotic use behaviors. This study aims to investigate the impact of parental SMA for children before a consultation on their doctor’s subsequent antibiotic prescribing behavior, including intravenous (IV) antibiotic use in the clinical setting of China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between June 2017 and April 2018 in three provinces of China. A total of 9526 parents with children aged 0–13 years were investigated. Data from 1275 parents who had self-medicated their children and then visited a doctor in the past month were extracted and analyzed. Results One-third (410) of the studied children had parental SMA before the consultation and 83.9% of them were subsequently prescribed antibiotics by doctors. Children with parental SMA were more likely to be prescribed antibiotics (aOR = 7.79, 95% CI [5.74–10.58]), including IV antibiotics (aOR = 3.05, 95% CI [2.27–4.11]), and both oral and IV antibiotics (aOR = 3.42, 95% CI [2.42–4.84]), than children without parental SMA. Parents with SMA behaviors were more likely to request antibiotics (aOR = 4.05, 95% CI [2.59–6.31]) including IV antibiotics (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI [1.40–4.76]), and be fulfilled by doctors (aOR = 3.22, 95% CI [1.20–8.63]). Conclusions Tailored health education for parents is required in both community and clinical settings to discourage parental SMA for children. The doctors should not prescribe unnecessary antibiotics to reinforce parents’ SMA behaviors. We recommend expanding the current IV antibiotics ban in outpatient settings of China to cover outpatient pediatrics.

scholarly journals A brief history of metrology: past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Fanton
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International System ◽  
Actual State ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we take the freedom to paraphrase Stephen Hawking's well-known formula and approach, for a reflection about metrology. In fact, metrology has a past, a present, and a future. The past is marked by a rich series of events, of which we shall highlight only those which resulted in major turns. The impact of the French Revolution is indisputably one of them. The present corresponds to a significant evolution, which is the entry of metrology into the world of quantum physics, with the relevant changes in the International System of units (SI). An apercu of the actual state of the art of metrological technology is given. The future is characterised by a persisting need for a still enhanced metrology, in terms of performance and domain covered. In this respect, soft metrology seems to constitute a promising field for research and development.

Yahweh and His Clio: Critical Theory and the Historical Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Social World ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Discussion about the reconstruction of the history of ancient Israel seldom interacts with theoretical literature on the nature of history. Modern attempts to write Israel’s history, however, have been shaped by their theoretical underpinnings for the past two centuries. This essay explores the epistemological underpinnings of the historical criticism of the Hebrew Bible, outlines trends in historiographical theory, and assesses the impact newer theories of intellectual cultural history can have on studies of the history of the social world of ancient Israel.

scholarly journals Correction: The Impact of Implementing a Test, Treat and Retain HIV Prevention Strategy in Atlanta among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men with a History of Incarceration: A Mathematical Model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0128734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane D. Lima ◽  
Isabell Graf ◽  
Curt G. Beckwith ◽  
Sandra Springer ◽  
Frederick L. Altice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact

Earliest historic reference of ’tinnitus’ is controversial

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 487-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Original Source ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Status

Tinnitus, that is defined as ’ringing in the ear’, is and has probably always been a very common phenomenon in the health history of mankind. A variety of pathomechanisms for its onset has been proposed in the past and this trend sees no stopping. Precise pathomechanisms still remain unclear. From the historical point of view, tinnitus is a very interesting topic but there is a lack of scientific enquiries. As its earliest historic reference, the Papyrus Ebers is often cited. By reviewing the original source, however, it is very unlikely that this contains the earliest historic reference of tinnitus. It is rather likely indeed that tinnitus was a known symptom in the ancient Egypt but it has never been exclusively been written down. This article reviews data provided by this fascinating historical period on the questionable reference and highlights the impact of history on the modern status of tinnitus.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections, and related preventive and risk behaviours, among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver: results from the Engage Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor A. Hart ◽  
David M. Moore ◽  
Syed W. Noor ◽  
Nathan Lachowsky ◽  
Daniel Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Objectives The last Canadian biobehavioural surveillance study of HIV and other sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBI) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) was conducted in 2010. We designed a study to measure STBBI prevalence among GBM in metropolitan Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver and to document related preventive and risk behaviours. Methods The Engage Cohort Study used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit GBM who reported sex with another man in the past 6 months. At baseline, we examined recruitment characteristics of the samples, and the RDS-II-adjusted distributions of socio-demographics, laboratory-confirmed HIV and other STBBI prevalence, and related behaviours, with a focus on univariate differences among cities. Results A total of 2449 GBM were recruited from February 2017 to August 2019. HIV prevalence was lower in Montreal (14.2%) than in Toronto (22.2%) or Vancouver (20.4%). History of syphilis infection was similar across cities (14–16%). Vancouver had more HIV-negative/unknown participants who reported never being HIV tested (18.6%) than Toronto (12.9%) or Montreal (11.5%). Both Montreal (74.9%) and Vancouver (78.8%) had higher proportions of men who tested for another STBBI in the past 6 months than Toronto (67.4%). Vancouver had a higher proportion of men who used pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the past 6 months (18.9%) than Toronto (11.1%) or Montreal (9.6%). Conclusion The three largest cities of Canada differed in HIV prevalence, STBBI testing and PrEP use among GBM. Our findings also suggest the need for scale-up of both PrEP and STI testing among GBM in Canada.

scholarly journals ‘VIPsm’, A Threat to Social Stability in South Africa: From Apartheid Exclusions to Democratized Inequalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Mashele Rapatsa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Transformational Leaders ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe object of this article is to present a critical analysis of the impact of the notion of ‘VIPsm’, a phenomenon through which human beings are socially ‘categorized’ or ‘classed’ according to status or wealth or position being held in society. The article is predicated on South Africa’s discernible constitutional pursuit of attaining social stability and equitable social justice. This work is also considerate of the country’s known unpleasant history of apartheid’s acute race-based social exclusions, and in contrast, the post 1994 persistent social and economic inequalities which thus far proliferates material disadvantage, poverty, social discontent and protests amongst citizens. The article employed ‘Transformational Leadership theory ‘and ‘Power and Influence theories’ as tools of analysis, given that the Constitution, 1996 is transformative in nature and thus require ‘transformational leaders’ in order to achieve its major goal of burying wounds of the past, to build one unified nation that is socially stable. It is asserted that social challenges and superfluous differential treatment of humans besieging contemporary South Africa are suggestive of the presence of leadership that is self-centered, opulence driven, and has little or no regard for the poor and thus, disfavor the solidarity principle.

Gender in the History of Transportation Services: A Historiographical Perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Transportation is one of the service industries in which women are now active participants in both mature and developing economies. Traditionally dominated by male entrepreneurs and workers, transportation in westernized nations has had to accommodate the demands of women with the passage of legislation imposing conditions of equality. The global search for cheap labor is another factor that has propelled women into the fields of international and local travel, tourism, and transportation. Although businesses in recent years have placed a premium on human mobility, rapid movement of goods, and instant communication, there has been little historical research that connects the past with these developments, nor has there been a concerted effort to under-stand the impact of gender on the shifts in direction.

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