Exclusivity Instinct

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochat
Keyword(s):  
Broad Sense ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mind

The main function of the mind is to parse and contrast between things to reconstruct what they might mean. We segregate what is or is not of the “same.” What we are constantly doing in our head is tracking what is of the same and, hence, also what is different. We are born with what we might call an “exclusivity instinct,” in the broad sense of sorting things by exclusion of what is not of the same, which also necessarily results in the detection of what is of the same category. Both are inseparable and co-determined processes, yet psychologically and particularly in the social and moral realm, the former (exclusion) tends to have precedence over the latter (inclusion).

A chronology of Distributed Adaptive Control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. M. J. Verschure
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distributed Adaptive Control ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Convergent Validation ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter presents the Distributed Adaptive Control (DAC) theory of the mind and brain of living machines. DAC provides an explanatory framework for biological brains and an integration framework for synthetic ones. DAC builds on several themes presented in the handbook: it integrates different perspectives on mind and brain, exemplifies the synthetic method in understanding living machines, answers well-defined constraints faced by living machines, and provides a route for the convergent validation of anatomy, physiology, and behavior in our explanation of biological living machines. DAC addresses the fundamental question of how a living machine can obtain, retain, and express valid knowledge of its world. We look at the core components of DAC, specific benchmarks derived from the engagement with the physical and the social world (the H4W and the H5W problems) in foraging and human–robot interaction tasks. Lastly we address how DAC targets the UTEM benchmark and the relation with contemporary developments in AI.

scholarly journals Deep-Down Time: Political Tradition in Central Africa

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 341-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vansina
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Common View ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact

Around 1850 the peoples of central Africa from Duala to the Kunene River and from the Atlantic to the Great Lakes shared a common view of the universe and a common political ideology. This included assumptions about roles, statuses, symbols, values, and indeed the very notion of legitimate authority. Among the plethora of symbols connected with these views were the leopard or the lion, the sun, the anvil, and the drum, symbolizing respectively the leader as predator, protector, forger of society, and the voice of all. Obviously, in each case the common political ideology was expressed in slightly different views, reflecting the impact of differential historical processes on different peoples. But the common core persisted. The gigantic extent of this phenomenon, encompassing an area equal to two-thirds of the continental United States, baffles the mind. How did it come about? Such a common tradition certainly did not arise independently in each of the hundreds of political communities that existed then. However absorbent and stable this mental political constellation was, it must have taken shape over a profound time depth. How and as a result of what did this happen? Is it even possible to answer such queries in a part of the world that did not generate written records until a few centuries ago or less?This paper addresses this question: how can one trace the social construction of such a common constellation over great time depths and over great regional scale? All the peoples involved are agriculturalists and the political repertory with which we are concerned could not easily exist in its known form outside sedentary societies.

Where Does Niklas Luhmann’s Card Index Come From?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cevolini
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Filing Cabinet ◽  
The Social ◽  
Enlightenment Project ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Social Use ◽  
The Mind

Thanks to a grant of the Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Künste, Bielefeld University has started a fifteen-year project (2015–2030) that includes the production of a critical edition of Niklas Luhmann’s extant works and manuscripts, as well as the digitalization of his famous card index. This valuable enterprise has rekindled interest in what many scholars hold to be a ‘holy grail’: a marvelous instrument that aided great creativity and scientific production by the German sociologist. Indeed, people feel that looking inside the filing cabinet is like looking inside the mind of a genius at work. This article suggests a different point of view, rooted in the Enlightenment project of the sociologist of Bielefeld. The main hypothesis is that in the use of a card index as a surprise generator, there is nothing particularly surprising if one considers the evolution of knowledge management in early modern Europe. Rather, the question should be: how it is possible to explain the evolutionary improbability of the social use of ‘machines’ as secondary memories for knowledge management and reproduction? This article provides some suggestions for research and tries to determine where Luhmann’s card index comes from.

Embodiment of emotion and its situated nature

2018 ◽  
pp. 528-552
Author(s):  
Evan W. Carr ◽  
Anne Kever ◽  
Piotr Winkielman
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Grounded Cognition ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Situational Cues ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Emotional Concepts ◽  
Emotion Concepts

Social functioning requires emotion. We must be able to recognize, interpret, and generate emotions across a variety of social contexts. But how are emotions conceptually represented in the mind? Embodiment (or grounded cognition) theories propose that processing of emotional concepts is partly based in one’s own perceptual, motor, and somatosensory systems. We review evidence for this account across a variety of domains, including facial expression perception, interpretation of emotional language, somatic involvement in affective processing, and “mirroring” of others’ actions. We also contrast embodiment theories with more traditional “amodal” frameworks, which represent emotional information as abstract language-like symbols in cognitive networks. Overall, we argue that a comprehensive account of emotion concepts requires considering their embodiment. Simultaneously, we highlight that embodiment is flexible and dynamic, especially within the social environment. This means that when and how emotion concepts are embodied critically depends on situational cues and current representational needs.

scholarly journals El Trabajo Social Educativo: Perspectiva desde el Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Alexandra Rodríguez Álava ◽  
María José Loor Zamora ◽  
Ulbio Colón Durán Pico
Keyword(s):  
Social Worker ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Student Counseling ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Inductive Methods ◽  
Los Grupos

El área de acción del trabajador social es diversa; en el ámbito educativo, su trabajo se fortalece con otros profesionales, encontrándose con situaciones conflictivas relacionadas con estudiantes, familias, docentes y autoridades, que afectan el proceso formativo. El propósito de la investigación fue identificar la intervención del trabajador social como parte del equipo multidisciplinario del Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil (DECE) en el Distrito 4 del cantón Portoviejo – Manabí - Ecuador, zona 13D01. Para la puesta en marcha de este estudio cuali – cuantitativo se utilizó a nivel teórico los métodos inductivo – deductivo, análisis y síntesis, y la revisión bibliográfica que permitió fortalecer el sustento científico; a nivel empírico se aplicó encuesta a estudiantes, trabajadores sociales y directivos de las Unidades Educativas, el análisis estadístico para el procesamiento de datos. En los resultados se destaca que los problemas más comunes están relacionados con la disciplina y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes; la   función principal del trabajador social se circunscribe en la orientación a estudiantes y padres de familia, y la investigación; evidencia un rol protagónico y su aporte es valorado por los miembros de la comunidad educativa; de la misma manera se resalta la necesidad de emprender acciones de prevención que atenten al desarrollo armónico de los estudiantes y sus familias y la atención a los derechos de los grupos más vulnerables. Sumary The ​​action area of the social worker is diverse; In the educational field, his work is strengthened with other professionals, encountering conflictive situations related to students, families, teachers and authorities, which affect the training process. The purpose of the investigation was to identify the intervention of the social worker as part of the multidisciplinary team of the Department of Student Counseling (DECE) in District 4 of the canton of Portoviejo - Manabí - Ecuador, zone 13D01. For the implementation of this qualitative study - quantitative at a theoretical level - the inductive methods - deductive, analysis and synthesis, and the bibliographical review that allows to improve the scientific sustenance; an empirical level was applied to students, social workers and managers of the Educational Units, the statistical analysis for data processing. The results highlight the most common problems related to the discipline and academic performance of students; the main function of the social worker is circumscribed in the orientation to students and parents, and the investigation; evidence a leading role and its contribution valued by members of the educational community; in the same way, it is due to the need to undertake prevention actions that threaten the harmonious development of students and families and the attention to the rights of the most vulnerable groups. PARTICIPACIÓN  EN LA PUBLICACIÓN: Autor:  Leonor Alexandra Rodríguez Álava, Dra. Co – Autores:    María José Loor Zamora, Ulbio Colón Durán Pico, MSc.

scholarly journals W kwestii ekologii wiary

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Wiesław Sztumski
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Social

Nowadays, we observe a progressive depreciation of faith together with the degradation of the social environment. It concerns faith in a broad sense here, not only religious but also faith in ideals, in ourselves and the confidence to other people and to different social in situations. We should not permit the further deflation of faith regarding the role which it plays in the life of people, their thinking, and doing, in integrating them in a world community as a result of globalization. On the contrary, it is necessary to strengthen our faith to care for it. Therefore, it is necessary to create an ecology of faith and to develop large, deep, and many-sided study in this domain, because faith is a means for survival in present endangered life environment.

scholarly journals Nuevos usos espaciales en las estaciones ferroviarias de alta velocidad/New space use of high speed railway stations

2018 ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
Carlos Hugo Soria Caceres
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Main Function ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Space

RESUMENLas infraestructuras de transporte presentes sobre el territorio condicionan las relaciones sociales y de comunicación de muchos espacios. Grandes estaciones, puertos o aeropuertos se presentan como ejes de centralidad sobre los que se distribuyen flujos de mercancías y personas, configurando a su vez el diseño y la funcionalidad de las ciudades. Hoy en día, con el avance producido en sectores como el ferrocarril de alta velocidad, las estaciones han transformado su función principal de nudo de intercambio, proyectándose como nuevos espacios comerciales y de negocio. En este artículo se analiza este nuevo fenómeno de transformación espacial y social vinculado a la alta velocidad ferroviaria, focalizando su ámbito en España. Se desgrana a su vez el papel de las comunidades sociales, políticas y empresariales para la ciudad y el espacio público presentes en las nuevas estaciones de ferroviarias. Palabras clave: ferrocarril; espacio público; urbanismo. ABSTRACTThis work aims to discuss the transport infrastructures presents on the territory and the conditions to the social and communication relations of many spaces. Large stations, ports or airports are presented as axes of centrality on which flows of goods and people are distributed, configuring in turn the design and functionality of cities. Nowadays, with the advance produced in sectors such as high-speed rail, the stations have transformed their main function as an exchange hub, projecting themselves as new commercial and business spaces. This article analyzes this new phenomenon of spatial and social transformation linked to high-speed rail, focusing its scope in Spain. At the same time, the role of the social, political and business communities for the city and the public space present in the new railway stations.Keywords: railroad; public space; urbanism.

scholarly journals The social struggle against death: Human strategies for immortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (13-14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Galić
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biological Part ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Social Struggle ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Human Death

Death is an infallible part of the human life, and what makes humandifferent from all other beings is fact that he knows that he isgoing to die. Knowing this, human beings are spending their wholelife knowing that the day of their end is going to come. It is clear thatdeath has its biological part, also as a huge event in the existenceof all life forms, including human, death has its philosophical pointof view, and finally, unlike some may disagree, death itself is a hugesocial phenomena as well, and as such, the social influence of deathdeserves close attention and its own part in the social science studies.This paper analyzes the presence of the death in human culture, includinginstitutions, rituals and beliefs following the discourse of lateZygmunt Bauman who left huge influence on this field of study. Sincethe earliest forms of communities, humans are trying to overcomethe death, the state of “after-life” and some form of immortality ofthe being is something that is common to all religions and beliefs everknown to mankind, which stands as a evidence that the final void ofnon-existence know to us as death is something that always presentedhorror in the mind of the humans.

Studying dementia: the relevance of the fourth age

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Paul Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fellow Citizen ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Cultural Imaginary ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Person With Dementia

Purpose – To better understand the social nature of dementia, it is important to understand its cultural significance and the role that it plays in re-articulating later life. In this new terrain of ageing it may be worth exploring how the idea of the fourth age can help us better understand the nature of dementia and the way in which its cultural role affects both social and health policies. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Gilleard and Higgs (2010) argue that the fourth age now serves as a “cultural imaginary” of the deepest and darkest aspects of old age and that dementia figures prominently in fashioning it. Findings – The scope for exploring dementia as a component of the cultural imaginary of the fourth age has already been demonstrated through the small but growing number of studies that have explored the fear of dementia. Originality/value – An avenue for further exploration is the distinction between a fear of losing one's mind (as in the pre-modern meaning of dementia) and the fear of losing one's place (as in the loss of status associated with dependency). Arguably the former exercises a greater influence than the latter, and raises the question of distinguishing between narratives and practices that sustain the mind of the person with dementia and those that sustain the position of the person with dementia as fellow citizen or fellow countryman or woman.

Imaginary friend play in light of enactivism

2021 ◽  
pp. 095935432110538
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Rucińska
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Psychological Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Interactive Nature ◽  
Imaginary Companion ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Embodied Action

Review of psychological data of how children engage in imaginary friend play (IFP) shows that it involves a lot of explicit embodied action and interaction with surrounding people and environments. However, IFP is still seen as principally an individualistic activity, where, in addition to those interactions, the actor has to mentally represent an absent entity in imagination in order to engage in IFP. This capacity is deemed necessary because the imaginary companion is absent or not real. This article proposes a proof of concept argument that enactivism can account for complex imaginary phenomena as imaginary friend play. Enactivism proposes thinking of IFP in a fundamentally different way, as an explicitly embodied and performative act, where one does not need to mentally represent absent entities. It reconceptualizes imagination involved in IFP as strongly embodied, and proposes that play environments have present affordances for social and normative interactions that are reenacted in IFP—there is no “absence” that needs to be mentally represented first. This article argues that IFP is performed and enacted in the world without having to be represented in the mind first, which best captures the social and interactive nature of this form of play.

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