Communicating & Relating

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Arundale
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language And Social Interaction ◽  
Everyday Talk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research

Communicating & Relating offers an account of how relating with one another emerges in communicating in everyday interacting. Prior work has indicated that human relationships arise in human communicating, and some studies have made arguments for why that is the case. Communicating & Relating moves beyond this work to offer an account of how both relating and face emerge in everyday talk and conduct: what comprises human communicating, what defines human social systems, how the social and the individual are linked in human life, and what comprises human relating and face. Part 1 develops the Conjoint Co-constituting Model of Communicating to address the question “How do participants constitute turns, actions, and meanings in everyday interacting?” Part 2 argues that the processes of constituting what is known cross-culturally as “face” are the processes of constituting relating, and develops Face Constituting Theory to address the question “How do participants constitute relating in everyday interacting?” The answers to both questions are grounded in evidence from everyday talk and conduct. Communicating & Relating is an invitation to engage its alternative account in research on communicating, relating, and face in language and social interaction. Like other volumes in the Foundations of Human Interaction series, Communicating & Relating offers new perspectives and new research on communicative interaction and on human relationships as key elements of human sociality.

New research frameworks in the study of chimpanzee and gorilla sociality and communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam G. B. Roberts ◽  
Anna Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Research Frameworks ◽  
New Research ◽  
Large Groups

Group size in primates is strongly correlated with brain size, but exactly what makes larger groups more ‘socially complex’ than smaller groups is still poorly understood. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are among our closest living relatives and are excellent model species to investigate patterns of sociality and social complexity in primates, and to inform models of human social evolution. The aim of this paper is to propose new research frameworks, particularly the use of social network analysis, to examine how social structure differs in small, medium and large groups of chimpanzees and gorillas, to explore what makes larger groups more socially complex than smaller groups. Given a fission-fusion system is likely to have characterised hominins, a comparison of the social complexity involved in fission-fusion and more stable social systems is likely to provide important new insights into human social evolution

scholarly journals Adaptative Potential Students as Internal Resources Mastery Under Transformation of Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Nataliya Zavatska ◽  
Ulyana Mykhaylyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The article shows that the specificity of a holistic personality adjustment process in social systems is not confined only because of the peculiarities of its elements, such as the personal maturity, changes in the social conditions of the environment, and is determined by the interaction of structural components of the adaptive capacity of the individual. This maladjustment of one of these components will inevitably impact on the integrity of the individual adaptation process. It was determined that based on the analysis of the structural components of adaptation of the person (socially adapted situation, social need for adaptive, adaptive psychological need) there is the need to clarify the role of each of these components in the process of adaptation of the person. In the context of investigations under the holistic process of social adaptation of personality in social systems we mean active mutual adaptation of the individual and the social environment to each other in order to create a harmonious cooperation for the effective functioning of the individual in these social systems. Violation of this process or the implementation of its social disapproved or antisocial ways leads to the violation of the integrity of the adaptation process and it flows in unacceptable forms of society. It is emphasized that social exclusion leads to disruption of the socialization process, reflected in the increasing complexity of learning and the use of social roles, values and attitudes. In accordance with the social work we should pay attention to the replacement of anti-social norms, values and attitudes to prosocial. This process we treat as a social reinsertion - purposefully organized restructuring of the moral and valuable personality and behavioral areas that promotes the formation of social and value orientations and behavior. It was stated that the whole process of social adaptation of the person can provide awareness and reflection of environmental changes in the social systems of the environment; activity of the person in the regulation of adaptive capacity; transformation of adaptive capacity into more complex and sophisticated forms of interaction with the surrounding reality

Mastery, Dependence, and the Ethics of Authority

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Stalnaker
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
Confucian Thought

This book is an analysis of expertise and authority, and examines classical Confucian conceptions of mastery, dependence, and human relationships in order to suggest new approaches to these issues in ethics and political theory. Contemporary Westerners are heirs to multiple traditions that are suspicious of authority, especially coercive political authority. We are also increasingly wary of dependence, which now often seems to signify weakness, neediness, and unworthiness. Analysts commonly presume that both authority and dependence threaten human autonomy, and are thus intrinsically problematic. But these judgments are mistaken. Our capacity for autonomy needs to be cultivated over time through deliberate practices of training, in which we depend on the guidance of virtuous and skilled teachers. Confucian thought provides a subtle and powerful analysis of one version of this training process, and of the social supports such an education in autonomy requires—as well as the social value of having virtuous and skilled leaders. Early Confucians also argue that human life is marked by numerous interacting forms of dependence, which are not only ineradicable, but in many ways good. On a Confucian view, it is natural, healthy, and good for people to be deeply dependent on others in a variety of ways across the full human lifespan. They teach us that individual autonomy develops only within a social matrix, structured by relationships of mutual dependence that can either help or hinder it, including a variety of authority relations.

The ZP Framework and Effective Leadership Behaviour in Problematic, Non-Problematic and Issue-Ridden Situations

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Rajendra Khandekar
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Leadership Theories ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
Effective Leader ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Problematic Situations

A review of leadership literature reveals three patterns. First, all leadership theories address problematic situations. Second, leadership theories address problems at increasingly complex levels of social systems from individual to relationships to groups to organizations and finally societies. Third, leadership theories imply that an effective leader identifies, flexibly prioritizes and acts accordingly on task and emotional problems confronting the social system to achieve goals. This paper reframes the concept of ‘situation’ using the Zeroth P (ZP) framework to integrate the above three patterns. The ZP framework provides a way to sort situations into four different types of problematic and non-problematic situations. It is proposed that each type of situation requires different types of leader behaviours. The proposed appropriate combinations are: Celebratory behaviour in a non-problematic situation when what is happening is what should be happening; Boundary-clarifying behaviour, in a non-problematic situation where nothing is happening that should not be happening; Rebellious behaviour when what is happening should not be happening; and Visionary/Innovative behaviour when the leader envisions a better world or situation that does not yet exist, but should exist. Application of the framework is illustrated at the individual and group levels, and research avenues are pointed out.

ANALYZING THE AGENT-BASED MODEL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

2003 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUTAKA I. LEON SUEMATSU ◽  
KEIKI TAKADAMA ◽  
NORBERTO E. NAWA ◽  
KATSUNORI SHIMOHARA ◽  
OSAMU KATAI
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Agent-based models (ABMs) have been attracting the attention of researchers in the social sciences, becoming a prominent paradigm in the study of complex social systems. Although a great number of models have been proposed for studying a variety of social phenomena, no general agent design methodology is available. Moreover, it is difficult to validate the accuracy of these models. For this reason, we believe that some guidelines for ABMs design must be devised; therefore, this paper is a first attempt to analyze the levels of ABMs, identify and classify several aspects that should be considered when designing ABMs. Through our analysis, the following implications have been found: (1) there are two levels in designing ABMs: the individual level, related to the design of the agents' internal structure, and the collective level, which concerns the design of the agent society or macro-dynamics of the model; and (2) the mechanisms of these levels strongly affect the outcomes of the models.

Miejsce pracy w Marksowskim humanizmie

Etyka ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Kuderowicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
A Value ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Free Development ◽  
Spontaneous Expression ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the attitude of Marx and Engels towards the appraisal of labour as a value, and the relation between labour and the implementation of the principle of universal development of the individual personality. First, the changes in their views on the appraisal of labour are discussed. In his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts Marx understood labour as a spontaneous expression of human thought and the formation of a new environment in which man recognizes his own qualities. In that period Marx considered value to be an affirmation of human life and a requirement put to the individual and to society. In his later, mature works Marks refused to consider an act of labour as value and defined it as conquering nature. The act of labour was to Marx no longer a value but a process which is giving value to human products and, therefore, is a necessary condition of human existence in all social systems. Marx did not regard the act of labour as a postulate or an ideal. In his opinion, the act of labour acquired value depending on its effects for the universal development of all individuals. The Marxian ideal of a perfect man implied a series of postulates relating to the organization of labour. The author criticizes Raymond Aron’s interpretation of Marxian humanism. In the works of Marx, Aron perceives a contradiction between the postulate of universal labour and the postulate of leisure in the meaning of condition in which the idea of the perfect man is realized. According to the author, from the ideal of a perfect man results the postulate of obligatory labour for all members of the society, i.e., that everybody should contribute to the development of the productive forces in order to secure the material conditions for the development of their personality. The realization of Marxian humanism requires also the maintenance of definite proportions between labour determined by the social division of labour (necessary in this sense), and leisure which should imply not only resting but also activity towards a free development of various individual abilities. In the works of Marx there is no contradiction but a complementary relation between labour and leisure. Pobierz

scholarly journals Propuesta metodológica para analizar fenómenos socio técnicos en internet

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Ramón Abraham Mena Farrera
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Construction Of Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
La Red ◽  
Methodological Strategy

Resumen: No podemos soslayar que las experiencias humanas están vinculadas a la vigorosa expansión tecnológica de los medios electrónicos de comunicación. Por tanto, el presente artículo presenta una revisión teórica que permite formular una estrategia en la metodología cualitativa para producir, ordenar y analizar nuevos datos empíricos que nos den cuenta del fenómeno de la interacción humana en la red de internet. La estrategia metodológica propuesta se sostiene en las tradiciones filosóficas y sociológicas de la construcción social de la tecnología (WINNER, 1993; BIJKER, 1987; PINCH; BIJKER, 1987), la teoría del actor-red (LAW, 1992; CALLON, 1998), y el modelo de los sistemas (HUGHES, 1983), usados para la comprensión de los sistemas socio tecnológicos. Se concluye con algunos posicionamientos renovadores para la metodología cualitativa y su presencia para analizar fenómenos de internet inspirados en la fenomenología, enfatizando el rol concreto del individuo en sus experiencias (mundos vividos y significativos) y el hecho de la acción intencional que tiene el interlocutor de internet para compartir sus vivencias.Palabras clave: Relaciones socio técnicas; Fenomenología tecnológica; Etnometodología; Internet. Methodological proposal to analyze sociotechnical phenomena on the internet Abstract: We cannot argue that human experiences are linked to the vigorous technological expansion of electronic means of communication. Therefore, this article presents a theoretical review that allows the formulation of a strategy in the qualitative methodology for producing, ordering and analyzing new empirical data that denounce the phenomenon of human interaction on the Internet. The methodological strategy proposed is based on the philosophical and sociological traditions of the social construction of technology (WINNER, 1993; BIJKER, 1987; PINCH; BIJKER, 1987), the actor-red theory (LAW, 1992; CALLON, 1998). , and the model of systems (HUGHES, 1983), used for the understanding of socio-technological systems. It concludes with some renewing positions for the qualitative methodology and its presence to analyze internet phenomena inspired by the phenomenology, emphasizing the concrete roll of the individual in his experiences (lived and significant worlds) and the closing of the intentional action that he has the interlocutor of internet to share your experiences Keywords: Sociotechnical relations; Technological phenomenology; Ethnomethodology; Internet. Proposta metodológica para analisar fenômenos sociotequínicos na internet Resumo: No podemos saslayar que as experiencias humanas estão vinculadas à expansão vigorosa tecnológica dos meios eletrónicos de comunicação. Por tanto, o presente artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica que permite formular uma estrategia na metodologia de cotagem para produzir, ordenar e analizar novos dados empíricos que n'água cuenta do fenómeno da interacção humana no vermelho de internet. A estrategia metodológica propôs-se sostiene nas tradições filosóficas e sociológicas da construção social da tecnologia (WINNER, 1993; BIJKER, 1987; PINCH; BIJKER, 1987), la teoría del actor-red (LAW, 1992; CALLON, 1998). O modelo dos sistemas (HUGHES, 1983), usado para a compreenção dos sistemas sócio-tecnológicos. Conclui com algumas posições os renovadores da metodologia qualitativa e sua presença para analisar fenômenos da Internet inspirados na fenomenologia, enfatizando ou papel dos indivíduos em seus experimentos (mundos e estados vividos) e realizou ações intencionais que os medos ou o interlocutor da Internet compartilham suas informações e experiências.Palavras-chave: Relações sociotécnicas; Fenomenologia tecnológica; Etnometodologia; Internet.

scholarly journals “IT’S BETTER WHEN IT’S DONE FOR EVERYONE”: THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE SOCIAL IN THE COMPREHENSION OF DEATH IN L. YA. GINSBURG’S NOTES OF THE 1920–1940s

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Malysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Death Experience ◽  
The Individual

The article considers how during the 1920–1940s the problems of death, finality of human existence, immortality, postmortem ritual, guilt and repentance were thought through and developed by the outstanding Russian literary critic and thinker L. Yа. Ginzburg in the interesting and peculiar forms of ego-documents. The borderline nature of genre of her notes and autobiographical “narratives” — between ego-documents and literature — have led to a close interweaving in her reflections of personal, social and historical experience, as well as the intellectual tradition of thinking about the finitude of life and contributed to the creation of an original author’s system of ideas about death. The article shows the stages of formation of these perceptions correlated with the aspects of death actualized in this or that period of Soviet history in the 1920–1940s. From the reflection of the mid-1920s on the “lightness” and unremarkableness of death, a reverse side of the devaluation of life, Ginzburg came in the second half of the 1930s to the necessity of conceptual thinking about death, without which understanding the meaning of life was impossible. Experience of the war and blockade fills this reflection with an understanding of the nature of heroism and heroic death (as the only possible freedom in conditions of unfreedom of war), of the mechanisms of the work of grief, guilt and remorse as a tragic near-death experience in the event of loss of loved ones. The understanding of death, imbued with humanism and sociality, with a sense of experience of common human connections, has become an essential part of Ginzburg’s concept of human life in the postindividualist era.

scholarly journals СОЦІАЛЬНА ПОЛІТИКА ПРАВОСЛАВНИХ ЦЕРКОВ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
MARTYSHYN D.,
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Doctrine Of The Church ◽  
The Church

У статті подано виклад сучасних теоретичних засад соціальноїполітики українських православних церков і практичної діяльностірелігійних громад в умовах процесів глобалізації. Показано взаємозв’язоксоціального вчення церкви з державним управлінням, політологією,філософією та соціологією. Осмислено актуальні проблеми в реалізаціїсоціального служіння церков та можливі шляхи модернізації соціальноїполітики церкви. Автор вважає, що соціальна сфера не лише суспільства,але й церковного буття являє собою складну й динамічну парадигмудуховного й соціального розвитку сучасного світу. Вонахарактеризується низкою різнобічних параметрів, які окреслюютьпарадигми життєдіяльності людства. Оскільки особисте життя,професійна діяльність і місія християнина відбуваються у життідержави, то й будь-які зміни у ній приводять до змін у становищіокремої людини, і навпаки. Соціальна політика церкви є одним з головнихнапрямів місії церкви у сучасному світі і має відповідати теологічнійдумці християнства. Ігнорування релігійними громадами питаннясоціальної політики може призвести до втрати конструктивного йпозитивного впливу релігії на життя суспільства. The article describes the modern theoretical foundations of social policy ofUkrainian Orthodox Churches and the practical activities of religiouscommunities in the conditions of globalization processes. The interrelation ofthe social doctrine of the Church with public administration, political science,philosophy and sociology is shown. The actual problems in implementing thesocial service of Churches and possible ways of modernizing the social policyof the Church are comprehensively understood. The author believes that thesocial sphere not only of society, but also of Church life is a complex anddynamic paradigm of spiritual and social development of the modern world. Itis characterized by a variety of versatile parameters that outline the paradigmsof human life. Since the personal life, professional activity and mission of aChristian occur in the life of the state, then any changes in it lead to changes inthe situation of the individual and vice versa. The social policy of the Church isone of the main directions of the mission of the Church in the modern worldand should correspond to the theological thought of Christianity. Ignoring byreligious communities the issue of social policy can lead to the loss of theconstructive and positive influence of religion on society

scholarly journals Ecoturism as a Means of Formation of Ecological Consciousness and Culture of Personality

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-22
Author(s):  
Leonid VYHOVSKYI ◽  
Tetiana VYHOVSKA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
The Individual

In the conditions of the global ecological crisis the problem of physical habitation of people as a biological species objectively arises in the foreground. The main reasons for the negative impact of human activities and society on the natural environment, which caused such a crisis, are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the reduction in society of the technocratic worldview in the life of mankind eventually led to such a negative situation. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in order to overcome it, firstly, it is necessary to rethink the relationship in the system «human — nature» at the global level and, accordingly, to form in the individual and society the need to replace the technological worldview with ecological. It turns out that a system-forming element in the system of ecological worldview is ecological consciousness which is ultimately managed to provide a spiritual basis for a set of environmental factors in human life and society. As a result, they become priorities in human life. Moreover, they can even become a meaning of human life. The content of the basic levels of ecological consciousness formation is revealed: national-realistic, everyday-empirical and conscious-theoretical. It is proved that the carriers of the national-realistic level are characterized by an intuitive approach to understanding the existing environmental problems. As for the everyday-empirical level of ecological consciousness, such people are interested in the practical solution of the problem in the field of ecology, which is directly related to them. And only the carriers of the conscious-theoretical level of ecological consciousness are characterized by a conscious and stable attitude towards environmental problems in all their manifestations. They are characterized by the active life position of protection and conservation of nature, which is realized in active environmental activities. It is proved that ecotourism serves as an effective means of forming and affirming the ecological consciousness and ecological culture of the individual and society, due to the fact that in the process of human interaction with the natural environment the need for care is formed. The content and correlation of the concepts «ecotourism», «biotourism», «natural tourism», «agritourism», «green tourism» are revealed. It turns out that ecotourism necessarily supports the «greening» of other types of tourism, which in their activities are beginning to teach not only the risks of negative impact of such activities on the environment, but also create efforts to ensure its preservation. The significant ecological potential of Khmelnytskyi region is revealed.

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