Fourth Climb

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzachi Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Religious Attitude ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Gift Theory ◽  
Made In

This chapter begins the book’s analysis of gratitude. The fundamental religious attitude as the poem conveys it is life lived as experiencing a gift. Gratitude is the response this experience calls for. However, for gratitude to acquire value, it must be tested in various ways. To fall is to avoid gratitude. Three such avoidances—Satan’s, Adam’s, and Eve’s—are presented. A connection with contemporary gift-theory is also made in this chapter. Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion have claimed that the notion of the gift is paradoxical. Inspired by Mauss, both assert that gifts do not transcend the sphere of exchange. Milton’s Satan enables us to pinpoint their mistake.

scholarly journals Gift theory among groups of users of crack and other drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Zaffalon Ferreira ◽  
Michele Mandagará de Oliveira ◽  
Luciane Prado Kantorski ◽  
Valéria Cristina Christello Coimbra ◽  
Vanda Maria da Rosa Jardim
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Gift Theory ◽  
Crack Users ◽  
Made In

This is an excerpt from a dissertation which sought to investigate the meaning of gift theory among groups of users of crack and of other drugs within the scenarios of use. The study has an ethnographic approach; participants were 13 persons who made use of crack and other drugs in the scenarios of use in the Municipality of Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and the observations were made in 2013. The results evidenced that the users are victims of prejudice, but maintain the gift in their relationships and seek to help each other and show solidarity as a group. It was possible to share and demystify a highly specific and invisible way of life of the crack users; however, the changes will only begin to appear when more efficacious means of approach are found, with health policies for promoting closeness and links with this population, providing, above all, embracement of their needs, which at many times appeared to be neglected.

The Letter of Recommendation as Strange Work

PMLA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-962
Author(s):  
Margaret Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Free Lunch ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Gift ◽  
English Major ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Gift Certificate ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Made In

On the one hand, the gift presents itself as a radical Other of the commodity—and therefore also of work, insofar as the latter is understood as an investment of time and energy made in the expectation of wages or profit. On the other hand, the idea of the gift seems constantly to be drawn back under the horizon of rational exchange, and to be thus endlessly re-revealed as a secret ally of both work and the Work.—Scott Cutler Shershow, The Work and the GiftI have put together all these details to convince you that this recommendation of mine is something out of the common.Quae ego omnia collegi, ut intellegeres non vulgarem esse commendationem hanc meam.—Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares, book 13LAST FALL I FOUND IN MY OFFICE MAILBOX AN ENVELOPE FROM A SOPHOMORE ENGLISH MAJOR WHO HAD ASKED ME DURING THE SUMMER for a last-minute letter of recommendation for a scholarship competition. The envelope contained a handwritten thank-you note—and a gift certificate for a local restaurant. I e-mailed the student to thank her and to tell her that I couldn't accept the gift certificate since the letter I had written for her was part of my job as a teacher. She insisted; I insisted. She said that several teachers had turned her down before I agreed (from a hotel in Germany) to write for her. I felt rueful, as well as grateful to her for the token of gratitude that I couldn't accept. Eventually she won the debate: I accepted the printed piece of paper and took my daughters out to a free lunch.

Comparison trials between Oreochromis andersonii (Kafue Bream) and O. niloticus (imported species) under farm conditions in Zambia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuéle Cayron-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Small Grant ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Selective Breeding Programme ◽  
Made In ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Abstract There has been much discussion for many years over the most suitable tilapia species to use in aquaculture. It has been thought for many years that Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was the most productive, especially after it had been developed using the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) protocols, but no trials have taken place under standard farming conditions nor was there ever any consideration taken of the possible ecological side effects of the introduction of alien species into river systems. With the help of a small grant from the Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations, Kalimba Farm, Zambia, undertook to carry out a direct comparison between the suitability of both O. niloticus and O. andersonii for fish culture under normal farm conditions. These trials took place over three years from 2004 to 2007. The overall results concluded that there were definite advantages for both species in different areas, but considering a genetically improved species was being compared with stock that had been genetically isolated for 25 years, the overall results were encouraging for the indigenous O. andersonii. In addition, taking into account the assumed damage to fragile river systems from the introduction of invasive O. niloticus it was felt that efforts should be made in future to encourage the use of O. andersonii as the preferred fish for aquaculture in areas of Zambia that are not already polluted with O. niloticus and, furthermore, an effort should be made to improve O. andersonii through an on-farm selective breeding programme using the GIFT protocols.

GIFT Cloud

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1389-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Ososky ◽  
Keith Brawner ◽  
Benjamin Goldberg ◽  
Robert Sottilare
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Tutoring System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Authoring Tools ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
The Gift ◽  
User Data ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Made In

GIFT Cloud is the recently released web-based application version of GIFT, an open-source computer-based tutoring architecture that supports authoring, deployment, and evaluation of intelligent tutoring system technologies. This paper presents the GIFT Cloud Authoring Tools, through the lens of usability. Each major element within the authoring tools is described, along with usability design considerations that were made in order to reduce occurrence of error, to organize information, and to support end-user goals. The initial release of GIFT Cloud supports an iterative design approach, informed by user data and feedback, with an overall goal of making tutor authoring practical for subject matter experts without computer programming or instructional design knowledge. As such, lessons learned from this release, as well as plans for future research and usability improvements, are discussed.

BENTUK PENYIMPANGAN KAIDAH IMLAIYYAH DAN KHATHTHIYAH HIASAN SENI KALIGRAFI MASJID DI PADANG PARIAMAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
General Public ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Writing Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this study was to determine the forms of irregularities in the principles of imlaiyah and khathtiyah and to explain the impact of these forms of deviation. Qualitative research methods with a socio-cultural approach to documentation and interview techniques. After doing the research, it turns out that the form of irregularities in the rules of Islamic and khaththiyah is quite a lot found in several Padang Pariaman mosques. The form of mosque calligraphy decoration which deviates from the imlaiyyah rules in Padang Pariaman such as the writing of words / sentences that are lacking and excessive in letters, writing that is lacking dots and over writing the sign of the gift. While the form of mosque calligraphy decoration that deviates from the rules of khaththiyah in Padang Pariaman mosque such as writing the shape and size of letters that are not exactly in shape with the type of calligraphy form, including the mixing of types of rules made in one sentence of writing. If the form of irregularities is allowed to have an impact on the self-esteem of the community itself in the view of the general public. The existence of the mosque decoration is considered to have neglected the writing of the Qur'anic verse because the result of the error in the mosque decoration has damaged the meaning of the sentence of the Qur'an and the form of its writing, also decreasing the value of the beauty of the mosque, as well as reflecting the lack of knowledge and ability of the community in the field of al- Qur'an and calligraphy, and bequeath the wrong writing culture to generations afterwards.

Gifts in Rites of Passage or gifts as rites of passage? Standing at the threshold between Van Gennep and Marcel Mauss

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana F Silber
Keyword(s):  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Gift Theory

This article revisits Arnold Van Gennep’s Rites de passage from the point of view of gift theory. Gifts emerge as quasi-omnipresent and in association with all sorts as well as all phases of rites of passage in Van Gennep’s text. However, he never explicitly addresses nor problematizes this pervasive connection between gifts and rites of passage. In contrast with Marcel Mauss’s later Essai sur le don, moreover, Rites de passage tends to relate to gift-exchange in either mere instrumental, economic terms, or as a rather simple and efficient, binding and “unifying” mechanism, while displaying none of Mauss’s complementary attentiveness to the agonistic as well as more complex and contradictory features of gift processes. Yet, precisely the ideas of margin and liminality for which Van Gennep’s became best known, but which did not seep at all into his own treatment of gifts, may be drawn upon to approach gift interactions as ritual processes, perhaps even rites of passage, with liminal phases and anti-structural features of their own kind. Such an angle of analysis happens to converge with current approaches to the gift that have underscored the part it may play in fraught dynamics of mutual definition and recognition in human interactions. It might also suggest new ways of interpreting the deep, recurrent association between gifts and rites of passage, which Rites de passage unwittingly contributed to highlight, but still needs to be further explored and conceptualized.

scholarly journals Community orchards and Hyde’s theory of the gift

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-147
Author(s):  
Jennie K Barron
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Food Justice ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Gift Theory ◽  
Insight Into

Food scholars and advocates just have long asserted that commodification is one of the fundamental injustices of our dominant, industrial food system, as it stands in direct opposition to the notion of food as a human right. The informal social economy, with its concerns for solidarity, participation, service, and community building, offers examples of what de-commodification—that holy grail of food justice—might look like. This article reports on one particular informal social economy manifestation of decommodification, the community orchard. The author argues that decommodification must be seen not only as the absence of commodity production but as the presence of a different economy and underlying ethos – that of the gift. Lewis Hyde’s theory of the gift provides a lens through which to understand the profound ways that gifting changes community orchardists’ relationships to land, to food, to labour, and to those who co-produce and enjoy the fruit with them. Gift theory also furthers our understanding of food commons (of which the community orchard is but one example) as decommodified spaces. The author suggests that theorizing community orchards through the lens of gift theory provides insight into the values and mindsets that characterize non-commodity-oriented food production, which is a necessary step in the direction of innovation and the development of models that are more ecological, community-oriented, and just.

scholarly journals JURISDICTIONAL ANALYSIS OF LAND AND BUILDING GRANTS TO UNDERAGE CHILDREN TO REALIZE LEGAL ASSURANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Fadhilah Muhamad Noor ◽  
Siti Nurkhotijah ◽  
Titik Aminah ◽  
Feby Milanie
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Child Custody ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Grant is a covenant with which the giver in his life freely and cannot be taken back to hand over something to which the recipient receives the gift. As for the question of how grants to minors and symptoms should be performed and how they will be satisfied if they are given to minors. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms of legal protection, constraints, and mechanism for executing child grants and efforts to achieve their completion. The adoption of grants to minors should be accompanied by either the parents or the guardians. The study was empirical juridical, qualitative analysis. The literature of the theory referred to under section 1682 PCT chapter 37 pp no. 24 1997, on which grants still have to be made in front of PPAT. Studies that grant could be granted to minors on the condition that a parent should have a guardian or representation of a child, the problem that occurs in the granting of a child to a minor is that other families demand the right of the grant where it is performed without the consent of another sibling, the way it is done by a notary notarized deed, and then it is renewed with a firm and clear vow. For legal protection against property from minors, legal care can be made through parental or child custody, whether by law or by law, it may not be used to transfer, transfer or distribute the child's wealth unless it is granted by the court.

scholarly journals Mauss and Organ Transplants: Ideas of Connectivity between Recipients and Donors and the “Spirit of the Gift”

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Voyce ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Organ Transplants ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
Personal Element

This article aims to describe the relationship between donors and their recipients in the context of organ transplants. This analysis is made in the light of Marcel Mauss’s work, offering an expansion on an analysis of his discussion on the “spirit of the gift” and his idea that gifts require reciprocation. It is argued that some recipients of donated organs receive a personal element from the donor in that there is a transfer or sharing of the donors’ personality and spiritual qualities. The article examines the nature of this form of “interconnectedness”. The article considers the qualities of this form of interconnectedness between donors and recipients by examining two specific cases of gift giving. One such case concerns the accounts of the reception of organs by recipients and how they may feel connected with a donated entity. The second case of gifting is the case of Tibetan lamas concerning their funeral ceremonies, where, following cremation, their relics are donated to disciples. This “donation” does not take place by dissecting useable parts of a body for use in another person, but rather by ingestion of the remains of the corpse following cremation. This example shows how such “donations” are seen as incorporating the spiritual qualities and attributes of the donor [1]. The article concludes that while scholars have employed different forms of metaphors to understand the cultural context of organ donations this article analyzes the elements of the “spirit of the gift.” This form of analysis may best be understood in terms of Mauss’s notions of the return of the gift and the creation of a “communal bond”.

scholarly journals Exploring the language layer of the dānastuti genre

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Georges-Jean Pinault
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
The Core ◽  
Distinct Part ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Made In

Abstract The linguistic variedness of the ancient Vedic texts is a well-known fact. This can be observed within the Ṛgveda itself, the most ancient collection of hymns, and if one compares the language of the Ṛgveda with that of the Atharvaveda. Glimpses of Vedic dialects can be detected in several passages and words, although the poetic language displays a high degree of convention and normalisation. Among the hymns of the Rigveda few specific features can be attributed to the different families of bards, even though one can surmise that they belonged to different regions of the Vedic world. It is also likely that some families or so-called “branches” were linguistically mixed. The hymns resort to different genres of discourse. The dānastuti, lit. ‘praise of the gift’, marks a distinct part of the poetic competence. The passages in question, which are often limited to a single stanza, although others are more developed, making up a substantial part of the poem, are devoted to praise of the generosity of the patron, who is expected to reward the poet appropriately for his work. A comprehensive survey of these parts of the hymns of the Rigveda was made in the dissertation of Manilal Patel (1929), a student of Karl F. Geldner. This meritorious book describes mostly cultural, historical and ritual features. On the other hand, the familiar, and in cases crude or mischievous, tone of these pieces has been noted by several commentators of the Rigveda. It would be too simple, however, to consider that these parts faithfully reflect everyday speech. The paper aims to explore the linguistic traits of the dānastutis which contrast with the standard layer of the Ṛgvedic language at all levels: phonology, morphology, syntax, vocabulary. On the level of stylistics and poetics, it will be shown that the phraseology of the dānastutis relies on sophisticated devices derived from the standard phraseology which was used otherwise for the praise of the gods and goddesses in the core of the hymns.

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