Issues and Opportunities in Objective Numeracy Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Ellen Peters
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Causal Path ◽  
Numeric Reasoning

This chapter, “Issues and Opportunities in Objective Numeracy Research,” discusses three cross-cutting questions in objective numeracy research. The first two issues concern the correlational nature of most objective numeracy research. Alternative explanations exist for the effects of numeracy on decisions and life outcomes. In particular, this chapter questions whether general intelligence can explain objective numeracy effects and whether the reverse causal path may offer a better explanation. Objective numeracy generally emerges as the better explanation, but alternative explanations remain of some effects (e.g., worse health sometimes may produce lower numeracy). The third issue concerns researchers’ experimental design decisions and what these results might teach us about how to improve numeric reasoning in decisions.

scholarly journals Microbiota indigenous milk, mesophilic lipolytic and proteolytic colonial cheese matured, produced at different times of the year

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-559
Author(s):  
Elisângela Borsoi Pereira ◽  
Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza ◽  
Paula Martins Olivo ◽  
Osmar Dalla Santa ◽  
Suzana da Cruz Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Double Factorial ◽  
Production Period

SUMMARY Cheese is the oldest form of preserving milk nutrients having nutritional, economic and cultural importance. The objective of this study was to identify the best time of the year for production, and period, in months, for maturation of traditional colonial cheese, through analysis of water activity, weight loss and counts of lactic acid, mesophilic microorganisms—proteolytic and lipolytic. Records of temperature and relative humidity (RH) were maintained. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a double factorial scheme, considering production periods and maturation times. For all production periods evaluated, there was a significant reduction in the periods for water activity values. The counts of lactic acid bacteria ranged from 104 to 109 CFU/g. There was also stability in the number of colonies for lipolytic mesophilic microorganisms, until the third month of maturation. Low counts of proteolytic mesophiles were observed for the samples produced in May and June (5.70 and 5.53 log), respectively. The production period for the months of May and June corresponding to RH of 80% and average temperatures of 15°C were the most effective for production. Due to the presence of Listeria, it is recommended to respect the minimum time of 60 days of maturation for commercialization.

scholarly journals Containing COVID-19 by Matching Messages on Social Distancing to Emergent Mindsets—The Case of North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8096
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Gillie Gabay ◽  
Attila Gere ◽  
Michaela Kucab ◽  
Howard Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Us ◽  
Compliance Policy ◽  
Personal Viewpoint

Public compliance with social distancing is key to containing COVID-19, yet there is a lack of knowledge on which communication ‘messages’ drive compliance. Respondents (224 Canadians and Americans) rated combinations of messages about compliance, systematically varied by an experimental design. Independent variables were perceived risk; the agent communicating the policy; specific social distancing practices; and methods to enforce compliance. Response patterns to each message suggest three mindset segments in each country reflecting how a person thinks. Two mindsets, the same in Canada and the US, were ‘tell me exactly what to do,’ and ‘pandemic onlookers.’ The third was ‘bow to authority’ in Canada, and ‘tell me how’ in the US. Each mindset showed different messages strongly driving compliance. To effectively use messaging about compliance, policy makers may assign any person or group in the population to the appropriate mindset segment by using a Personal Viewpoint Identifier that we developed.

Flexibility and Work-Life Interference in Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Skinner ◽  
Barbara Pocock
Keyword(s):  
Work Life ◽  
New Right ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This contribution examines the relationship between flexibility and work—life interference. It analyses requests for flexibility in Australia just prior to the enactment of a new ‘right to request’ such flexibility, utilizing a large employee survey that shows that around a fifth of employees requested flexibility, most requests were agreed, and work—life outcomes were much better amongst those whose requests were fully agreed. Women were twice as likely as men to have sought flexibility, with one in two mothers of preschoolers, one in three mothers of children under 16 and a quarter of women without children having made requests. Parenting made no difference to men’s rate of request-making. Findings suggest that the right may be particularly beneficial to the third of all workers who have not made requests for flexibility yet are not content with current arrangements. There is a case to extend the right beyond parents, and for stronger appeal rights.

Return to Our Roots: Raising Radishes to Teach Experimental Design

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Stallings
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Written Comments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Radish Seedlings ◽  
Informal Evaluation

Students design and perform an experiment to assess effects of fertilizers on the growth of radish seedlings for a graduate class in design and statistics. The goal of this project is to provide students practice in making design decisions, collecting and analyzing real data, and writing up results. An informal evaluation, based on written comments and a content analysis of the individual reports, suggests that this approach is a promising technique for teaching experimental design.

A technique for skin application of exact doses ofNippostrongylus brasiliensisto rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Tindall ◽  
P. A. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Polythene Film ◽  
New System

ABSTRACTConventional methods for percutaneous infection of rats using third-stage juveniles ofNippostrongylus brasiliensiswhich have been artificially stimulated to exsheath lead to highly variable, and relatively poor, establishment in the intestine. A new system has been developed in which larvae applied to the skin still remain partially sheathed, as they would be in nature. Cultures of the freeliving stages of the parasite contain an annulus of clear, colourless polythene film to which some of the third-stage juveniles attach. Rats are infected with an individually counted, exact dose applied to the skin on polythene. Using this technique (‘EDT20Nb’), consistently high values for the mean proportion of the dose that becomes establishedhave been obtained, along with a variance well below the normally accepted level (from a total of 73 rats in 12 separate assays). In particular, the added component of variance between assays in this study was insignificant, so that the probability of quantitative agreement in replicate experiments based on the method is high. It is recommended for an experimental design in which small numbers of parasites can be used.

scholarly journals The Effect of A Process Approach Using Report Writing Frame on Students’ Writing Achievement

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Khoiriyatul Hariro
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
English Education ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Report Writing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Writing Class ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of process approach using Report Writing Frame on students’ writing achievement. The design of this study was quasi-experimental design. The subjects of this study were the third-semester students of Academic Writing class of English Education Department of Brawijaya University of Malang. The result of t-test showed that the students who were taught using Report Writing Frame have better writing achievement than those who were taught without using Report Writing Frame. Besides, from the five categories or aspects which were scored; organization, content, grammar, vocabulary, and mechanic, it indicated that the students who were taught using Report Writing Frame had more significant improvement in term organization, content, and vocabulary.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Efektifitas Mobilisasi Dini dan Senam Nifas Terhadap Involusi Uterus pada Ibu Postpartum Normal di Bidan Praktek Mandiri (BPM) Kota PematangSiantar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Inke Malahayati ◽  
Ribka Nova Sartika Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
The Third ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Postpartum Involution ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Uterine Fundus

Failure of the uterus to contract after childbearing is one in all the causes of maternal death. Numerous makes an attempts were created to enhanced the power of the uterus to contract. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of postpartum exercise with early mobilization of uterine involution in normal postpartum. This type of research was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest design group. This research was implemented in midwives practicing independently. The population of this study was all normal postpartum. The sample of the study was 34 normal postpartum, aged 20-35 years, 2-4 parity, baby born healthy, postpartum haemoglobin ≥ 10.5 gr%, exclusively breastfeeding. Early mobilization was carried out after two hours postpartum and postpartum exercise was carried out for six days. Measurement of the postpartum fundal height was performed on days 1st, 3rd and 7th using a caliper pelvimeter. Consecutive sampling was used in this study. The difference between the two groups was analyzed by unpaired t-test and Mann Whitney U-test. There was a difference in the height of the uterine fundus on the third and seventh postpartum days between the two groups. Postpartum exercise was more effective than early mobilization in accelerating uterine involution. Therefore, it is expected that midwives can facilitate mothers to do postpartum exercise from the first day of postpartum. Keywords: postpartum exercise; early mobilization; postpartum; involution; uterus ABSTRAK Salah satu proses penting pada masa nifas adalah pemulihan organ reproduksi yang ditandai dengan penurunan tinggi fundus uteri dan derajat kontraksi uterus. Secara bertahap, uterus yang berkontraksi dengan baik akan berkurang ukurannya sampai tidak dapat dipalpasi lagi di atas simfisis pubis. Diantara faktor yang berperan dalam kontraksi uterus adalah mobilisasi dini dan senam nifas. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan efektifitas mobilisasi dini dan senam nifas terhadap involusi uterus pada ibu postpartum normal. Jenis penelitian adalah desain kuasi eksperimental dengan kelompok pre dan posttest. Responden penelitian adalah 34 orang ibu postpartum, usia 20-35 tahun di Bidan Praktek Mandiri Kota Pematangsiantar, Juni-September 2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah consecutive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Dilakukan senam nifas pada kelompok intervensi dan mobilisasi dini pada kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran tinggi fundus uteri dilakukan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan pada hari ke-1, -3 dan -7. Analisa data menggunakan uji t-tak berpasanagn dan Mann Whitney menggunakan SPSS versi 20.0. Terdapat perbedaan tinggi fundus uteri hari ke-3 dan ke-7 antara senam nifas dan mobilisasi dini. Senam nifas lebih efektif menurunkan tinggi fundus uteri dibandingkan mobilisasi dini. Bidan diharapkan dapat memfasilitasi ibu melakukan senam nifas sejak hari pertama postpartum. Kata kunci: senam nifas; mobilisasi dini; postpartum; involusi; uterus

CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Annette Silbert ◽  
Peter H. Wolff ◽  
Barbara Mayer ◽  
Amnon Rosenthal ◽  
Alexander S. Nadas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Cyanotic Heart Disease ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fine Motor Coordination ◽  
History Of

Forty-two children of normal intelligence with congenital heart disease between the ages of 4 and 8 years were tested for general intelligence, perceptual motor function, and gross and fine motor coordination. Three groups of children were tested: (1) those with cyanotic heart disease, (2) those with noncyanotic heart disease and a history of congestive heart failures, and (3) those with noncyanotic heart disease and a benign medical history. The first group had lower I.Q. scores, did less well in perceptual motor tasks, and had poorer gross motor coordination than children in the third group. Children of the second group occupied an intermediate position.

Children of Mixed-Ethnic Heritage and Adverse Life Outcomes: A Comparison of Two Korean Adolescent Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngki Woo ◽  
Amelie Pedneault ◽  
Dale W. Willits ◽  
Mary K. Stohr ◽  
Myeonggi Hong
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Korean Adolescent ◽  
Ethnic Heritage

The number of mixed-ethnic adolescents from multicultural families in South Korea has rapidly increased over the last several years. Although traditionally ethnically homogeneous, Korea has recently shifted toward multiculturalism, yet little research has compared mixed and single-ethnic youth on adverse outcomes in Korea and, to date, no research has done so using a quasi-experimental design. This study uses propensity score weighting with a sample of 1,156 Korean adolescents (756 inter-ethnic and 800 single-ethnic youths) to examine differences in mixed and single-ethic adolescent adverse life outcomes, including depressive symptoms, fear of crime, and victimization experiences. The results indicate that inter-ethnic heritage is associated with increases in fear of crime, but has a negative association with victimization. Findings also revealed nonsignificant differences on depression between the two groups. This highlights the need to engage in research with a strong emphasis on eliminating confounding effects. Implications for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Application of Sulfentrazone in Stages of Germination of IAC 90 Cassava Cuttings in Clay Soils and Sandy

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
J.S. Zimmer ◽  
S.D. Ferreira ◽  
J.R. Ramella ◽  
A.C.P. Rodrigues-Costa ◽  
N.V. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Productive Potential

Weeds interfere dramatically in the productive potential of cassava; however, information regarding herbicides that are selective to crops is still scarce. Thus, the aim in this study was to assess the initial growth of IAC 90 cassava plants after the application of sulfentrazone at different stages of germination of cassava in clayey and sandy soils. Three experiments were simultaneously deployed: the first experiment consisted in the application of sulfentrazone in the non-germinated stage of cassava cuttings; the second one in the stage of germinated cassavas cuttings (0.9 cm shoots); and the third one in applications in the stage of cassava cuttings with buds emerging (6.5 cm shoots and emerging from the soil). For each experiment the experimental design in randomized blocks was used in the 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with four replications. The factors were composed of two soils (sandy and clayey) and five doses of sulfentrazone (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g ha-1). It was found that depending on the herbicide dose, development stage of the buds of cassava cuttings and the type of soil, damage can occur in the initial development of the IAC 90 cassava plants. The greatest potential of sulfentrazone selectivity has occurred in applications in the non-germinated cassava cuttings stage and in doses lower than 500 g ha-1 in the clayey soil.

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