Return to Our Roots: Raising Radishes to Teach Experimental Design

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Stallings
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Written Comments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Radish Seedlings ◽  
Informal Evaluation

Students design and perform an experiment to assess effects of fertilizers on the growth of radish seedlings for a graduate class in design and statistics. The goal of this project is to provide students practice in making design decisions, collecting and analyzing real data, and writing up results. An informal evaluation, based on written comments and a content analysis of the individual reports, suggests that this approach is a promising technique for teaching experimental design.

scholarly journals Supervised dimensionality reduction for big data

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Vogelstein ◽  
Eric W. Bridgeford ◽  
Minh Tang ◽  
Da Zheng ◽  
Christopher Douville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Conditional Moment ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Dimensional

AbstractTo solve key biomedical problems, experimentalists now routinely measure millions or billions of features (dimensions) per sample, with the hope that data science techniques will be able to build accurate data-driven inferences. Because sample sizes are typically orders of magnitude smaller than the dimensionality of these data, valid inferences require finding a low-dimensional representation that preserves the discriminating information (e.g., whether the individual suffers from a particular disease). There is a lack of interpretable supervised dimensionality reduction methods that scale to millions of dimensions with strong statistical theoretical guarantees. We introduce an approach to extending principal components analysis by incorporating class-conditional moment estimates into the low-dimensional projection. The simplest version, Linear Optimal Low-rank projection, incorporates the class-conditional means. We prove, and substantiate with both synthetic and real data benchmarks, that Linear Optimal Low-Rank Projection and its generalizations lead to improved data representations for subsequent classification, while maintaining computational efficiency and scalability. Using multiple brain imaging datasets consisting of more than 150 million features, and several genomics datasets with more than 500,000 features, Linear Optimal Low-Rank Projection outperforms other scalable linear dimensionality reduction techniques in terms of accuracy, while only requiring a few minutes on a standard desktop computer.

scholarly journals Controlling response dependence in the measurement of change using the Rasch model

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 3709-3725 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Andrich
Keyword(s):  
Rasch Model ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Measurement Of Change ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Response Dependence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Rasch Model ◽  
Research And Policy

The advantages of using person location estimates from the Rasch model over raw scores for the measurement of change using a common test include the linearization of scores and the automatic handling of statistical properties of repeated measurements. However, the application of the model requires that the responses to the items are statistically independent in the sense that the specific responses to the items on the first time of testing do not affect the responses at a second time. This requirement implies that the responses to the items at both times of assessment are governed only by the invariant location parameters of the items at the two times of testing and the location parameters of each person each time. A specific form of dependence that is pertinent when the same items are used is when the observed response to an item at the second time of testing is affected by the response to the same item at the first time, a form of dependence which has been referred to as response dependence. This paper presents the logic of applying the Rasch model to quantify, control and remove the effect of response dependence in the measurement of change when the same items are used on two occasions. The logic is illustrated with four sets of simulation studies with dichotomous items and with a small example of real data. It is shown that the presence of response dependence can reduce the evidence of change, a reduction which may impact interpretations at the individual, research, and policy levels.

scholarly journals RECORD: Reference-Assisted Genome Assembly for Closely Related Genomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztian Buza ◽  
Bartek Wilczynski ◽  
Norbert Dojer
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Individual Genome ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Sequencing Cost ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Assembly Software

Background. Next-generation sequencing technologies are now producing multiple times the genome size in total reads from a single experiment. This is enough information to reconstruct at least some of the differences between the individual genome studied in the experiment and the reference genome of the species. However, in most typical protocols, this information is disregarded and the reference genome is used.Results. We provide a new approach that allows researchers to reconstruct genomes very closely related to the reference genome (e.g., mutants of the same species) directly from the reads used in the experiment. Our approach applies de novo assembly software to experimental reads and so-called pseudoreads and uses the resulting contigs to generate a modified reference sequence. In this way, it can very quickly, and at no additional sequencing cost, generate new, modified reference sequence that is closer to the actual sequenced genome and has a full coverage. In this paper, we describe our approach and test its implementation called RECORD. We evaluate RECORD on both simulated and real data. We made our software publicly available on sourceforge.Conclusion. Our tests show that on closely related sequences RECORD outperforms more general assisted-assembly software.

scholarly journals Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP): Assessment and Validation of the OSSE System Using an OSSE–OSE Intercomparison of Summary Assessment Metrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2061-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid-Ahmed Boukabara ◽  
Kayo Ide ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Narges Shahroudi ◽  
Ross N. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Simulation ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Real Data ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Individual System ◽  
Assessment Metrics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Observing System Simulation Experiment

AbstractObserving system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are used to simulate and assess the impacts of new observing systems planned for the future or the impacts of adopting new techniques for exploiting data or for forecasting. This study focuses on the impacts of satellite data on global numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Since OSSEs are based on simulations of nature and observations, reliable results require that the OSSE system be validated. This validation involves cycles of assessment and calibration of the individual system components, as well as the complete system, with the end goal of reproducing the behavior of real-data observing system experiments (OSEs). This study investigates the accuracy of the calibration of an OSSE system—here, the Community Global OSSE Package (CGOP) system—before any explicit tuning has been performed by performing an intercomparison of the OSSE summary assessment metrics (SAMs) with those obtained from parallel real-data OSEs. The main conclusion reached in this study is that, based on the SAMs, the CGOP is able to reproduce aspects of the analysis and forecast performance of parallel OSEs despite the simplifications employed in the OSSEs. This conclusion holds even when the SAMs are stratified by various subsets (the tropics only, temperature only, etc.).

scholarly journals Les joueurs sans problème de jeu de 55 ans et plus : événements, conséquences et caractéristiques structurelles et environnementales influençant les habitudes de jeu

2016 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Isabelle Giroux ◽  
Francine Ferland ◽  
Cathy Savard ◽  
Christian Jacques ◽  
Priscilla Brochu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Individual

Gambling habits of people aged 55 years and over without gambling problems are rarely being investigated. In order to document life events and to identify the impacts of gambling on quality of life, 19 participants aged 55 to 74 years without gambling problems, male and female, were assembled in three focus groups. Qualitative content analysis of the groups reveals changes in gambling habits associated with transition to retirement and occurrence of health problems. The content analysis further reveals a variety of positive and negative consequences of gambling habits on finances, hobbies, social relationships, and psychological health. Although the focus groups did not target the structural or environmental characteristics of gambling that influence participants' gambling habits, those themes were brought up spontaneously. Results highlight the necessity to study life events from a larger perspective including, for example, protective and risk factors, in order to better understand the life contexts and the individual characteristics that may lead to an alteration or not of gambling habits.

scholarly journals TEFL and COVID-19: use of digital materials and their impact on efl learners' speaking accuracy and fluency

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3B) ◽  
pp. 729-741
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Besharati ◽  
Golnar Mazdayasna ◽  
Ali Akbar Jabbari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Placement Test ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Digital storytelling has been around in foreign language contexts for at least two decades and showed to be a promising technique for teaching different language skills. This study aimed at investigating the effect of using two types of digital storytelling, i.e. asynchronous and synchronous digital storytelling, on the EFL learners' speaking performance in terms of accuracy and fluency. To this end, a quasi-experimental design with an experimental and a comparison group was devised. Sixty-five intermediate EFL learners were conveniently selected based on their scores on Oxford Placement Test. The speaking module of Preliminary English Test (PET) was used to measure the participants' speaking accuracy and fluency before and after the intervention. The results of the study indicated that both groups made a significant improvement after the course. Nevertheless, the asynchronous digital storytelling group outperformed the synchronous one after the intervention.

scholarly journals Time Coordination of Periodic Passenger Train Connections in Conditions of Single-Track Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Filip Lorenz ◽  
Vit Janos ◽  
Dusan Teichmann ◽  
Michal Dorda
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Programming ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Single Track ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Optimization Software ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given

The article addresses creation of a mathematical model for a real problem regarding time coordination of periodic train connections operated on single-track lines. The individual train connections are dispatched with a predefined tact, and their arrivals at and departures to predefined railway stations (transfer nodes) need to be coordinated one another. In addition, because the train connections are operated on single-track lines, trains that pass each other in a predefined railway stations must be also coordinated. To optimize the process, mathematical programming methods are used. The presented article includes a mathematical model of the given task, and the proposed model is tested with real data. The calculation experiments were implemented using optimization software Xpress-IVE.

Cognitive Processes and Creative Lateral Thinking in Students of the Naval School of Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Hector Santa Maria Relaiza ◽  
Doris Fuster-Guillen ◽  
Yolvi Ocana-Fernandez ◽  
Patricia Edith Guillen Aparicio ◽  
Freddy Antonio Ochoa Tataje
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lateral Thinking

The present research focused on identifying the influence of cognitive processes in the creative lateral thinking of high school students. The work was developed under the positivist paradigm; it was classified as basic, of explanatory level, with quantitative approach, non-experimental design and cross-sectional. The sample, calculated through probabilistic sampling, consisted of 221 students. Two data collection instruments were used: the cognitive processes questionnaire and the lateral thinking questionnaire, which were subjected to content validity by expert judgment and reliability and internal consistency analysis by Cronbach's alpha, reaching values of 0.908 and 0.802, respectively. The analysis of verification by Spearman's rho obtained was 0.762, which determined the significant influence between cognitive processes and lateral thinking. It was concluded that, if procedures and actions that lead to the acquisition of knowledge in a constructive way and by discovery are practiced, creative and perceptive lateral thinking would be developed; then the individual would exhibit imagination and creative behaviors.

Transformation of Individual Learning through Informatics and Information Technology Activities in Primary School

2013 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Valentina Dagiene ◽  
Vaiva Grabauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Information Technology Impact

The topic of the individual learning conditions creation can be analysed from the technological as well as pedagogical side. In both cases there is the same fundamental point: how to create valuable and as much as possible natural learning environment? The experience in the application of technologies for personalisation, analysed in scientific literature, reveals newer possibilities for the individual activities support. This encourages taking a different route in analysing individual learning – to interdisciplinary combine the content of close concepts. The paper deals with basic concepts of interdisciplinary content analysis – informatics and information technology impact to an individual learning in primary school.

scholarly journals Psycho-Semantic Analysis of Individual Structure of Adolescent’s World Image

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01168
Author(s):  
Elizaveta I. Shuleva
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Individual Structure ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
World Image

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the structure of the image of the older adolescent’s world. When analyzing the data, the computer program of statistical analysis of texts “ADVEGO”, content analysis, morphological and semantic analysis was used. Morphological analysis of empirical data has shown that the most used words belong to the category of nouns. Content analysis made it possible to identify eight semantic categories of word groups that characterize the levels of the image of the teenager’s world: nature, social, subject, friendship, school, hobbies and leisure, family, mental (needs, cognitive processes, emotions, feelings, personal qualities). The most significant level in terms of the volume of semantic units and the nature of ongoing processes is the mental level. The results of the conducted research allowed drawing the following conclusions. The individual structure of an older adolescent’s world image is a complex mental phenomenon that has universal, age and individual characteristics. Its universal characteristics are multi-levelness and hierarchy; age-related – dynamics, polarity, existentialism, and accentuation on the present time. The individual characteristics of an older adolescent’s world image are due to individual personal characteristics of the flow of his or her mental activity.

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