Karol Szymanowski’s Dominant Drive Model and the Excess of the Cycle

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-181
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Substitution Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
Symphonic Music ◽  
Drive Model ◽  
Karol Szymanowski

The chapter explores several songs by Karol Szymanowski that demonstrate the explicit rotation of a T→S→D substitution model in relatively strict terms. These songs also reflect on the theme of desire as a circular driving force. The chapter then examines Szymanowski’s symphonic music, specifically the third symphony, “Song of the Night” Op. 29, whose sonorities spread their tensions out in many directions. To visually re-create this, the chapter employs a method called “drive analysis,” which represents triads as triangles and tetrads as squares, each with tailored corners to represent the raising or lowering of pitches. When placed on a graph whose y-axis unfolds the circle of descending fifths and whose x-axis represents the flow of time, various patterns emerge that unlock new hearings of a work whose harmonic “momentum” could otherwise be considered static.

Microstructure Imaging, Precipitation Formation and Mechanical Properties: Al–Li and Al–Mg–Zn Alloys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Wunderlich ◽  
Janos Lendvai ◽  
Hans-Joachim Gudladt
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Peak Hardness ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
The Third ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Formation

This article describes concepts of three features of microstructure–properties relationship, first the imaging and formation of nano-particles, then their contribution to hardness, and finally hydrogen embrittlement during fatigue. First, we briefly review the imaging modes in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for nano-sized precipitates. The next issue is the hardening in Aluminum alloys, which is caused by GP-zones or precipitates, formed at the second step of the annealing process. After homogenization, the peak-hardness can be generally achieved by a few hours of annealing between 120°C and 200°C. Hardness measurements and equal-channel axial pressing (ECAP) showed that even at room temperature the driving force for formation of the particles is so strong that already within one hour of annealing after homogenization a remarkable hardening occurs. The third issue, hydrogen embrittlement, is caused by oxidation of pure Al surfaces produced at the crack tip during fatigue under ambient or wet moisture conditions. The cracks propagate preferentially along the precipitation free zone adjacent to grain boundaries, where hydrogen diffusion is fastest.

scholarly journals The role of second coordination-sphere interactions in incommensurately modulated structures, using β-K5Yb(MoO4)4 as an example

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Arakcheeva ◽  
Gervais Chapuis ◽  
Vâclav Petricek ◽  
Vladimir Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Sphere ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modulated Structures ◽  
Coordination Spheres

The incommensurate palmierite-like structure of β-K5Yb(MoO4)4, potassium ytterbium tetramolydate, has been refined in the (3 + 1)-dimensional monoclinic superspace group X2/m(0ρ0)00, with X = [0 0 0 0; ½ ½ 0 0; 0 0 ½ ½; ½ ½ ½ ½] and the unit-cell parameters a = 10.4054 (16), b = 6.1157 (12), c = 19.7751 (18) Å, β = 136.625 (10)°; q = 0.6354 (30)b*. The occupations of the K and Yb atomic positions are described by crenel functions. The structure model reveals a balanced interaction between the atoms of the first and second coordination spheres. It is shown that the third coordination sphere should not be neglected in studies of modulated structures. The ordering of the K and Yb atoms appears to be the driving force for the modulation of all the other atoms.

Effect of a Third Element on the Stability of NiSi Thin Films on Si

2006 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Mangelinck
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The effect of Pt and Ge on the stability of NiSi films has been examined. The addition of a small amount of Pt (5 at%) in the Ni film increases the disilicide nucleation temperature to 900oC leading to a better stability of NiSi at high temperatures. For Ni films on Si1-xGex with x=0.29 and 0.58, no NiSi2 was found after annealing at 850°C. The increase in thermal stability of NiSi has been explained in terms of nucleation concept. Calculated ternary phase diagrams allow to understand the effect of the third element (Pt or Ge) on the driving force for nucleation. The redistribution of this element can also be explained with the ternary phase diagrams.

scholarly journals Effect of ROCK Pathway Manipulation on Actin Cytoskeleton Architecture: The Third Dimension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Grandy ◽  
Fabian Port ◽  
Jonas Pfeil ◽  
Kay-Eberhard Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Dimension

Abstract The actin cytoskeleton with its dynamic properties serves as the driving force for the movement and division of cells and gives the cell shape and structure. Disorders in the actin cytoskeleton occur in many diseases. Deeper understanding of the regulation is essential in order to better understand these biochemical processes. In our study, we use metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) as a tool to quantitatively examine the rarely considered third dimension of the actin cytoskeleton with nanometer accuracy. In particular, we investigate the influence of different drugs acting on the ROCK pathway on the three-dimensional actin organization. We find that cells treated with inhibitors have a lower actin height to the substrate while treatment with a stimulator for the ROCK pathway increases the actin height to the substrate. This reveals the precise tuning of adhesion and cytoskeleton tension, which leads to a rich three-dimensional structural behaviour of the actin cytoskeleton. This finetuning is differentially affected by either inhibition or stimulation.

scholarly journals Sound i historisk perspektiv: oppdagelse, naturalisering, kanonisering

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Eirik Askerøi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Musical Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vocal Expressions

This chapter addresses technological development as a driving force of musical development during the history of recorded music. The study is organized around three moments, which in various ways have contributed to forming new ways of producing music, and thereby also have left their audible marks on the sound of the music. The first example demonstrates how the development of the electric microphone contributed to new vocal expressions already in the 1930s. The second example takes up how magnetic tape technology has affected the status of recording, the possibility of multitrack recording and for experimenting with the sound of new, virtual spaces in recordings. The third example is the gated reverb on drums, which left a definitive mark on the sound of the 1980s. The overall aim of this chapter, then, is to provide an inroad to understanding the concept of sound in a historic perspective, through processes of discovery, naturalisation and canonisation.

Spaces of Truth: Palestinian Refugee Women Reframe Concerns of Jerusalem and Resist Judaisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-192
Author(s):  
Laura Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Creative Collaboration ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Palestinian Refugee ◽  
Relational Solidarity ◽  
Living Present

Since the third Intifada (2014–2015) onward, refugee Nakba-generation women reframed concerns over Shu'fat refugee camp space in response to newer settler-colonial and spatial Judaisation practices in Al-Quds/Jerusalem; created a different relationality of space/time; gave accounts that are closer to the present, made the present a driving force for their action; transformed the courtyard (hosh) experience into a community bonding function; and created a new layer of resistance. The Nakba narratives were conveyed as part of the present, their belonging to Jerusalem became the ‘truth of space’, and their visual memory overcame the ‘true now space’. Ultimately, their memory was a potential for creative collaboration between present consciousness and experiences of the past creating a ‘relational solidarity in the living present’.

scholarly journals Reflections on Curiosity

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
J. H. van Bemmel
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
The Brain

Summary Objective The purpose of this article is to show that curiosity is the driving force behind all scientific endeavors. The second purpose is to show that all science is constrained on its underlying assumptions. Methods Three examples are used to illustrate the above theses: one from cosmology, the second from biomedical research, and the third from the formalization of human reasoning in a computer. The three examples are supported by quotes from Albert Einstein [1]. Results and conclusionsResearch in cosmology shows that the horizon of our knowledge is continuously expanding but that major scientific questions remain to be solved. The second example from biomedicine explains that the more we discover of the details of living phenomena, the more complex they appear to be. The example involving human reasoning makes clear that the brain is still largely unknown territory. Like Einstein, who said he held ‘humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive with our frail and feeble mind’, I have a deep admiration for the Architect who reveals himself in the details that we are privileged to study in our research. As Albert Einstein said: The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.

Estimation of Shoulder Joint Reaction Forces and Moments Using MBS Dynamic Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mereuta ◽  
Daniel Ganea ◽  
Claudiu Mereuta
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Biceps Muscle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Human Upper Limb ◽  
Joint Reaction

The paper presents a dynamic model created for estimating the magnitude of reaction forces and moments in the shoulder joint of the human upper limb. Considering that the flexion-extension motion of the forearm is simulated under three different conditions, the reaction forces and moments are determined. The first actuating case is corresponding to the case in which the driving force is acting on the long end of the biceps muscle. In the second case the driving force is acting on the short end of the biceps muscle, and in the third case the driving force is acting on both ends of the biceps muscle.

scholarly journals Lack of neophobic responses to color in a jumping spider that uses color cues when foraging (Habronattus pyrrithrix)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254865
Author(s):  
Michael E. Vickers ◽  
Madison L. Heisey ◽  
Lisa A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Exposure Phase ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
The Third ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Color Cues ◽  
Aposematic Signals

Chemically defended prey often advertise their toxins with bright and conspicuous colors. To understand why such colors are effective at reducing predation, we need to understand the psychology of key predators. In bird predators, there is evidence that individuals avoid novelty—including prey of novel colors (with which they have had no prior experience). Moreover, the effect of novelty is sometimes strongest for colors that are typically associated with aposematic prey (e.g., red, orange, yellow). Given these findings in the bird literature, color neophobia has been argued to be a driving force in the evolution of aposematism. However, no studies have yet asked whether invertebrate predators respond similarly to novel colors. Here, we tested whether naive lab-raised jumping spiders (Habronattus pyrrithrix) exhibit similar patterns of color neophobia to birds. Using color-manipulated living prey, we first color-exposed spiders to prey of two out of three colors (blue, green, or red), with the third color remaining novel. After this color exposure phase, we gave the spiders tests where they could choose between all three colors (two familiar, one novel). We found that H. pyrrithrix attacked novel and familiar-colored prey at equal rates with no evidence that the degree of neophobia varied by color. Moreover, we found no evidence that either prey novelty nor color (nor their interaction) had an effect on how quickly prey was attacked. We discuss these findings in the context of what is known about color neophobia in other animals and how this contributes to our understanding of aposematic signals.

scholarly journals Pengalaman Kekerasan pada Pedagang Kaki Lima di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Salma Nur Rahama ◽  
Rina Hermawati
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Direct Violence ◽  
Causes Of Violence ◽  
Forms Of Violence

This study aims is to describe about the violence experience against street vendors in Indonesia including the causes of violence, forms of violence and street vendors' experience responses to the violence. This research uses qualitative methods with collecting data techniques from literature studies such as ,notes, books, papers or articles, journals and so on. The research results showed that the causes of street vendor violence are related to the class that have more power and the class that have less power. The power in question is the power or strength that a person has to do what he wants. The forms of violence experienced by street vendors can be identified into three forms based on Galtung's theory, including direct violence that can be seen such as physical, verbal and sexual violence, then the second is structural violence, namely violence that is not perpetrated by individuals but is hidden in a structure both smaller and smaller structures. broader structure, then the third is cultural violence, namely the symbolic space that exists in the cognition system and can be a driving force for both direct and structural violence. PKL responses to the violence they experience are divided into two, namely resisting and not resisting.

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