What Is Electroconvulsive Therapy?

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Fink MD
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electroconvulsive Treatment ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Psychotropic Medicines ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
The Brain

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective medical treatment for severe and persistent psychiatric disorders. It relieves de pressed mood and thoughts of suicide, as well as mania, acute psychosis, delirium, and stupor. It is usually applied when medications have given limited relief or their side effects are intolerable. Electroconvulsive therapy is similar to a surgical treatment. It requires the specialized skills of a psychiatrist, an anesthesiologist, and nurses. The patient receives a short-acting anesthetic. While the patient is asleep, the physician, following a prescribed procedure, induces an epileptic seizure in the brain. By making sure that the patient’s lungs are filled with oxygen, the physician precludes the gasping and difficult breathing that accompany a spontaneous epileptic fit. By relaxing the patient’s muscles with chemicals and by inserting a mouth guard (not unlike those used in sports), the physician prevents the tongue biting, fractures, and injuries that occasionally occur in epilepsy. The patient is asleep, and so experiences neither the painful effects of the stimulus nor the discomforts of the seizure. The physiological functions of the body, such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen concentration, and degree of motor relaxation, are monitored, and anything out of the ordinary is immediately treated. Electroconvulsive therapy relieves symptoms more quickly than do psychotropic drugs. A common course of ECT consists of two or three treatments a week for two to seven weeks. To sustain the recovery, weekly or biweekly continuation treatments, either ECT or medications, are often administered for four to six months. If the illness recurs, ECT is prescribed for longer periods. The duration and course of ECT are similar to those of the psychotropic medicines frequently used for the same conditions. Electroconvulsive therapy has been used safely to treat emotional disorders in patients of all ages, from children to the elderly, in people with debilitating physical illnesses, and in pregnant women. Emotional disorders may be of short or long duration; they may be manifest as a single episode or as a recurring event. Electroconvulsive treatment is an option when the emotional disorder is acute in onset; when changes in mood, thought, and motor activities are pronounced; when the cause is believed to be biochemical or physiological; when the condition is so severe that it interferes with the patient’s daily life; or when other treatments have failed.

scholarly journals Correlation between BMI and ADLs with Mental Emotional Disorder among Elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nabilah Qonitah ◽  
Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Function ◽  
Physical Independence

The increasing of life expectancy led to a growing number of elderly. There are many thing that occurs caused by aging process, one of them is decreases of body function. Decreasing body function can cause variety of health problems. The problem that may occurs are malnutrition, chronic disease, and lack of independence in performing daily activities. All of them are risk factor of mental emotional disorder. This study was conducted to determined the relationship between mental emotional disorders in the Elderly Care Unit Jombang in Kediri. This research was analytical study and used cross sectional. Dependent variable was mental emotional disorders. Independent variables were BMI, physical independence and characteristic. Interview was conducted to obtain information about variables in this study. Data analyzed by chi square and pearson correlation. The prevalence of mental disorders found in this study was 23,4%. Respondents who didn’t have physical independence were 4,3%. Respondents who had body mass index that wasn’t normal is 26,2%. The variables showed correlation only variable physical independence and mental emotional disorders (p = 0,008). While the body mass index and characteristic were not showed correlation with mental emotional disorders. The conclusion of this study was the elderly at risk for emotional suffering mental disorders. Physical independence associated with mental disorders in elderly emotional. So the need for more attention especially from the psychological to the elderly who do not have physical independence.Keywords: risk factors, BMI, physical independence, mental emotional disorder, elderly

scholarly journals Regulatory Roles of Bone in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengran Yu ◽  
Zemin Ling ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases are two kinds of common disorders of the elderly, which often co-occur. Previous studies have shown the skeletal and central nervous systems are closely related to pathophysiology. As the main structural scaffold of the body, the bone is also a reservoir for stem cells, a primary lymphoid organ, and an important endocrine organ. It can interact with the brain through various bone-derived cells, mostly the mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The bone marrow is also a place for generating immune cells, which could greatly influence brain functions. Finally, the proteins secreted by bones (osteokines) also play important roles in the growth and function of the brain. This article reviews the latest research studying the impact of bone-derived cells, bone-controlled immune system, and bone-secreted proteins on the brain, and evaluates how these factors are implicated in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases and their potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.

scholarly journals The effect of core stability exercise in reducing the risk of falling in the elderly at the work area of Kasian 1 public health center

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Veni Fatmawati ◽  
Nova Mega Rukmana ◽  
Wibowo Septianto ◽  
Diyas Elsa Yuniarsih
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Brain System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
The Brain

Elderly is a condition that will be experienced by each people, where the age range is from 45 to 75 years. The process adds up age followed also by changes that occur in body systems either physiologically or pathologically in the presence of comorbidities. One of the processes that occurs is function cerebellum descends by starting with a balance disturbance and then the brain system, resulting in the risk of falling. Elderly experiencing falls can be affected by some things such as disorders of the brain system, self it self and the environment. A part from anatomical factors, there is also a lighting environment usually the elderly always wake up at night, if the environment is less lighting then the risk of falling is higher and if the condition of waking up, the concentration and muscle power cannot be optimal, resulting in decreased balance so that the risk of falling is higher. One way to maintain and minimize the risk can be done the core stability exercise. Benefits of core stability exercise is to strengthen the core as the support of the body so that the body can be stable. This type of research is experiment, using quasi experimental design with pre test and post test group design. The statistic test using Wilcoxon test. Sample of elderly at integrated healthcare center in Ngebel, totaled are 34 elderly. Elderly sample criteria age 60-74 years, do not use assistive devices and do not experience neurological disorders. Measure morse fall skale. The results of the homogeneity test show that the significance value (p) core stability exercise of 0.323, because of the significance of p 0.05 it can be concluded that the population is from the same variant or homogeneous. The calculation of the data normality test used the Shapiro-Wilk Test and is said to be normal if p 0, 05. Data normality test results 0.085. Hypothesis Test with willcoxon test because it has a normal and homogeneous data distribution in the group. From the test results obtained with a value of P = 0.034, meaning P 0, 05, so that there is an effect of core stability training on the risk of falling in the elderly. 

scholarly journals Anatomy of Cerebellum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajasekhar Sajja Srinivasa Siva Naga
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Cerebellar Lesions ◽  
Balance Complex ◽  
The Brain

The cerebellum receives inputs from spinal cord, cerebrum, brainstem, and sensory systems of the body and controls the motor system of the body. The Cerebellum harmonizes the voluntary motor activities such as maintenance of posture and equilibrium, and coordination of voluntary muscular activity including learning of the motor behaviours. Cerebellum occupies posterior cranial fossa, and it is relatively a small part of the brain. It weighs about one tenth of the total brain. Cerebellar lesions do not cause motor or cognitive impairment. However, they cause slowing of movements, tremors, lack of equilibrium/balance. Complex motor action becomes shaky and faltering.

scholarly journals No Mobile Phone Phobia dikalangan Mahasiswa Pascasarjana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Telephone Counselling ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Phone Counseling ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

This research was conducted with the aim to find out the symptoms of no mobile phone phobia (nomophobia) among graduate students UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta as well as knowing how the process of mentoring for students nomophobia sufferers by counselors. This research uses qualitative research methods with the phenomenology of approach. Research data obtained from observations and interviews and then data analyzed by the reduction of data, display data and tethering conclusion. The subject of this research is the 16 graduate students UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. The research results obtained in this study show that graduate students using a smartphone or gedget ± 12 hours in a day so the use of a smartphone with a long duration will negatively affect for the body particularly the brain. Next mentoring can be done by a Counsellor for the client that is experiencing the symptoms of nomophobia is using telephone counselling. Phone counseling provides access and control to the client so that the client can request the assistance of a Counsellor anytime and anywhere and can disconnect a telephone in accordance with his wishes

scholarly journals Pengaruh Gerakan Salat dan Faktor Lain Terhadap Kebugaran Jantung dan Paru pada Lansia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Fitri Dyana Siagian ◽  
Elman Boy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Over time, a person's age will increase in line with the decreasing cardiorespiratory fitness condition. Every human being certainly hopes to pass through the old age phase in a healthy and fit condition. For this reason, in order to improve cardiovascular fitness in the elderly, it is necessary to review what affects the decrease in cardiovascular fitness in the elderly so that later it can be modified for the better. Aims : To determine the effect of prayer movement and other factors on heart and lung fitness in the elderly. Method: This type of literature study is a literature review. The search strategy for English studies relevant to the topic was carried out using the ProQuest, SagePub, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar databases limited from 2015 to 2020. The keywords used in the article search were elderly, influence, fitness, heart lung and prayer. Result: The factors that affect the fitness of the heart lung areheredity, age, gender, nutrition, smoking, physical activity and excessive salt consumption. Apart from that, the prayer movement can also improve blood circulation in the body and increase the supply of oxygen to the brain. Conclusion: There are many factors that affect cardiovascular fitness, some of which can be modified and cannot be modified. Meanwhile, the prayer movement is very beneficial for the health of the body both psychologically and mentally.

scholarly journals Correlation between BMI and ADLs with Mental Emotional Disorder among Elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nabilah Qonitah ◽  
Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Function ◽  
Physical Independence

ABSTRACTThe increasing of life expectancy led to a growing number of elderly. There are many thing that occurs caused by aging process, one of them is decreases of body function. Decreasing body function can cause variety of health problems. The problem that may occurs are malnutrition, chronic disease, and lack of independence in performing daily activities. All of them are risk factor of mental emotional disorder. This study was conducted to determined the relationship between mental emotional disorders in the Elderly Care Unit Jombang in Kediri. This research was analytical study and used cross sectional. Dependent variable was mental emotional disorders. Independent variables were BMI, physical independence and characteristic. Interview was conducted to obtain information about variables in this study. Data analyzed by chi square and pearson correlation. The prevalence of mental disorders found in this study was 23,4%. Respondents who didn’t have physical independence were 4,3%. Respondents who had body mass index that wasn’t normal is 26,2%. The variables showed correlation only variable physical independence and mental emotional disorders (p = 0,008). While the body mass index and characteristic were not showed correlation with mental emotional disorders. The conclusion of this study was the elderly at risk for emotional suffering mental disorders. Physical independence associated with mental disorders in elderly emotional. So the need for more attention especially from the psychological to the elderly who do not have physical independence.Keywords: risk factors, BMI, physical independence, mental emotional                           disorder, elderly

scholarly journals The Effect of Shalat Movement on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in The Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Zakiyah Darajat Munthe ◽  
Elman Boy ◽  
Al Furqon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Physical Level ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: An elderly is a stage of human development after adulthood and the last period of the human life cycle. As a person gets older, the disability increases in activities of daily life as a result of decreasing physical level. The aging process shows physiological, cognitive and psychological changes in the human body. Decreased components of fitness, such as muscle strength, balance and the cardiorespiratory system affect the development of disabilities. Therefore, in Islam there is prayer service, which can be an effort to improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of the elderly. Where, with prayer, it can become a sports medium that is both physical and spiritual.Aims: To determine the effect of movement on cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly. Research method: This type of literature study is a literature review.Method: the method used in writing this article is English studies relevant to the topic was carried out using the PubMed, Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases, restricted from 2010 to 2020. The keywords used in the article search were elderly, prayer movement and cardiorespiratory fitness.Results: The effect of prayer movement on cardiorespiratory fitness is that it can improve blood circulation from the heart to the rest of the body, increase blood flow to the brain and increase lung elasticity.Conclusion: There is a significant effect of prayer movement on the increase in cardiorespiration of the elderly.

scholarly journals Management of Symptoms of Parkinsonism Through Panchakarma Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Pandey ◽  
Saurabh Mishra ◽  
Alka Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Brain

Background: Parkinson's disease is a disabling neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting the elderly population. Symptoms of Parkinsonism include motor function abnormalities, tremors in hands and legs, postural instability, etc. Side-effect free, long-term management of Parkinsonism is still a challenge. According to Ayurveda, the disease that resembles the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease is Kampavata (kampa means tremors), which is primarily caused by the imbalance of the Vata Dosha. Various Panchakarma procedures have been found useful in the treatment of different Vata Vyadhis (diseases caused by the imbalance of Vata Dosha).Methodology: Panchakarma therapy was administered for 19 days to a male patient suffering from symptoms of Parkinsonism (Kampavata) since about nine months, as well as other associated ailments. According to Ayurveda, Kampavata is primarily associated with Vata imbalance. Hence, Vata pacifying herbal medicines, that also provide strengthening and nourishing effect to the degenerative tissues of the body, as well as nourishment to the brain, were used.Results: The patient experienced significant relief in the tremors in B/L hands, numbness in B/L big toes, weakness in lower extremity, and lower back pain. The patient also experienced notable relief in the complaints of Constipation, Gastric upset, and Flatus. Overall, the patient reported a satisfactory experience after taking the therapy.Conclusion: Panchakarma therapy showed encouraging results in the management of symptoms associated with Parkinsonism, as well as other associated ailments, in short duration of time.

Electroconvulsive therapy

2012 ◽  
pp. 1251-1260
Author(s):  
Max Fink
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
The Brain

Convulsive therapy (ECT or electroshock) is an effective treatment for those with severe and persistent emotional disorders. It is safe for patients of all ages, for those with debilitating systemic illnesses and during pregnancy. It relieves symptoms in a briefer time than do psychotropic drugs. To achieve remission, treatments are usually given three times a week for two to seven weeks. To sustain recovery, treatments are continued either weekly or biweekly for several months. The overall duration of the treatment course is similar to that of the psychotropic medications frequently used for the same conditions. The treatment is severely stigmatized and its use is discouraged, even interdicted, in the belief that the electricity or the seizures irreversibly damage the brain. Few physicians are tutored in its use and facilities are limited making ECT unavailable to many who would benefit. The ease in the use of psychotropic medications, and neither greater efficacy nor greater safety, encourages their preferential use as ECT is relegated to the ‘last resort.’ In countries where psychotropic medications are expensive, ECT is prescribed, but the expense for anesthetics limits its use to its unmodified form. Despite these hurdles of stigma, expense and lack of training, its use has persisted for more than 70 years. Indeed, its use is increasing. Whole societies where it was interdicted at the end of the 20th century, as in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Italy, and Japan, interest and usage has increased, texts have been written or translated, and local psychiatric societies formed to encourage its use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document