Brennan: Response to Landemore

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-271
Author(s):  
Jason Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Main Argument ◽  
To Come ◽  
Voter Knowledge

Jason Brennan responds to Landemore’s main argument in Debating Democracy. He argues that the proof the Hong–Page Theorem is largely question-begging, and that the concept of “diversity” in the proof does not correspond to the concept as used by democratic theorists. He argues that Landemore must accept that voter knowledge matters, but doing so prevents her from being able to say democracy always outperforms democracy. He also argues that democracy performs as well as it does because it tends to come together with liberalism. He finally offers additional criticisms of open democracy.

Conclusion: The Vision of Muslim Cosmopolitanism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairudin Aljunied
Keyword(s):  
Main Argument ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
To Come ◽  
Networked Society

This concluding chapter reiterates the volume's main argument that Muslim cosmopolitanism has provided Southeast Asians with the vision and vocabulary to come together, rather than to become increasingly divided, in the age of the networked society. In spite of the sensationalized reports from the ‘terrorist industry’ encroaching into the religious and cultural lives of Muslims, the chapter presents a more vibrant picture of mutual cooperation and peace between Muslims and non-Muslims, citing the instances analysed in the previous chapters to further expound on this argument. However, the chapter argues that there is still further work to be done in expanding the scope of studies of Muslim cosmopolitanism, and suggests further avenues for research.

Structure, Organization, and Knowledge Production of Clinical Trial Industry

2018 ◽  
pp. 178-201
Author(s):  
Roger Jeffery ◽  
Gerard Porter ◽  
Salla Sariola ◽  
Amar Jesani ◽  
Deapica Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Contract Research ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

This chapter reviews the evidence about the scale and significance of clinical trials in India. After describing some of the new social forms that service these trials it assesses the growth in their number from 2005 to 2012 and the reasons for—and implications of—a decline since then. The main argument is that the nascent Indian clinical trials industry rapidly adjusted to the opportunities provided by reforms, linked to India’s accession to the TRIPs agreement and the World Trade Organization in 2005. By contrast, Indian regulators were slow to come to terms with the challenges of responding to well-co-ordinated trial sponsors and contract research organizations.

scholarly journals What is Left of Migrants’ Spaces?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Tazzioli
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Border Enforcement ◽  
To Come ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Enforcement Policies ◽  
Forced Eviction

This article deals with the political legacy of migrants’ spaces across Europe that are the outcome of border enforcement policies but that are also shaped by migrants’ struggles and movements. It interrogates what is left, after their vanishing forced eviction, at the level of spatial-political traces, as well as in the collective memory of the citizens of those places. The main argument of the piece is that in order to come to grips with these spaces beyond their ephemeral dimension, we need to consider the temporality of migrant struggles and of solidarity practices – between migrants and citizens. The article focuses, first, on the French-Italian Alpine border, and analyses how the sedimented memory of the struggles in that valley has been reactivated in the present to support the migrants in transit. Then, the article moves on by developing the notion of transversal alliances through an insight into the Gilets Noirs movement in France, a collective of undocumented migrants which mobilised towards getting to permit to stay and accommodation, while at the same time framing their struggle as a broader battle against precarity and exploitation. The piece concludes suggesting that by bringing in the genealogy of struggles and solidarity practices, migrants’ spaces appear as part of a precarious mobile common in the making.

scholarly journals Driftin’ too far from shore – Why the test for compliance with the TBT Agreement developed by the WTO Appellate Body is wrong, and what should the AB have done instead

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETROS C. MAVROIDIS
Keyword(s):  
Main Argument ◽  
Technical Barriers To Trade ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
To Come ◽  
Wto Appellate Body

AbstractFollowing years of silence, the WTO Appellate Body (AB) issued almost simultaneously three reports dealing with issues coming under the aegis of the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). The three Panel reports were hard to reconcile, and this feature in and of itself made the task of the AB quite onerous. Some progress has been made and some clarifications have been introduced, but overall the AB has yet to come to grips with a coherent approach regarding the understanding of the TBT Agreement. The main argument in this paper is that the AB, in designing its test for consistency with the TBT Agreement, did not do any different than it would have done had no TBT Agreement existed. It is, nevertheless, response to the question ‘what has the TBT added to the pre-existing legislative arsenal’ that should point to the elements that must be included in developing a test of consistency against which disputes coming under the aegis of the TBT Agreement should be discussed. The suggested approach consists of a two-tier test whereby Panels would first inquire into the innate characteristics of a measure coming under the aegis of the TBT Agreement, before asking the question whether it has also been applied in non-discriminatory manner.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Scanning Electron Microscopy-cuticular Lesions on the Roundworm Ascaris Suum

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
P. A. Madden ◽  
W. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Silver Paint ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scanning Electron

The intestinal roundworm of swine is pinkish in color and about the diameter of a lead pencil. Adult worms, taken from parasitized swine, frequently were observed with macroscopic lesions on their cuticule. Those possessing such lesions were rinsed in distilled water, and cylindrical segments of the affected areas were removed. Some of the segments were fixed in buffered formalin before freeze-drying; others were freeze-dried immediately. Initially, specimens were quenched in liquid freon followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then placed in ampuoles in a freezer at −45C and sublimated by vacuum until dry. After the specimens appeared dry, the freezer was allowed to come to room temperature slowly while the vacuum was maintained. The dried specimens were attached to metal pegs with conductive silver paint and placed in a vacuum evaporator on a rotating tilting stage. They were then coated by evaporating an alloy of 20% palladium and 80% gold to a thickness of approximately 300 A°. The specimens were examined by secondary electron emmission in a scanning electron microscope.

The microstructure change of low-carbon electrical steels by residual aluminum

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
C.K. Hou ◽  
C.T. Hu ◽  
Sanboh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Vacuum Degassing ◽  
Spherical Inclusions ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
To Come

The fully processed low-carbon electrical steels are generally fabricated through vacuum degassing to reduce the carbon level and to avoid the need for any further decarburization annealing treatment. This investigation was conducted on eighteen heats of such steels with aluminum content ranging from 0.001% to 0.011% which was believed to come from the addition of ferroalloys.The sizes of all the observed grains are less than 24 μm, and gradually decrease as the content of aluminum is increased from 0.001% to 0.007%. For steels with residual aluminum greater than 0. 007%, the average grain size becomes constant and is about 8.8 μm as shown in Fig. 1. When the aluminum is increased, the observed grains are changed from the uniformly coarse and equiaxial shape to the fine size in the region near surfaces and the elongated shape in the central region. SEM and EDAX analysis of large spherical inclusions in the matrix indicate that silicate is the majority compound when the aluminum propotion is less than 0.003%, then the content of aluminum in compound inclusion increases with that in steel.

409 The likely numbers to come: trends in hospitalisation for heart failure in the ‘sample’ town of trieste and its region

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
D CHERSEVANI ◽  
A DILENARDA ◽  
P GOLIANI ◽  
M GRELLA ◽  
F BRUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Its Region ◽  
To Come

Suicidal Behavior in Black South Africans

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourens Schlebusch ◽  
Naseema B.M. Vawda ◽  
Brenda A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
South African Society ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
To Come

Summary: In the past suicidal behavior among Black South Africans has been largely underresearched. Earlier studies among the other main ethnic groups in the country showed suicidal behavior in those groups to be a serious problem. This article briefly reviews some of the more recent research on suicidal behavior in Black South Africans. The results indicate an apparent increase in suicidal behavior in this group. Several explanations are offered for the change in suicidal behavior in the reported clinical populations. This includes past difficulties for all South Africans to access health care facilities in the Apartheid (legal racial separation) era, and present difficulties of post-Apartheid transformation the South African society is undergoing, as the people struggle to come to terms with the deleterious effects of the former South African racial policies, related socio-cultural, socio-economic, and other pressures.

DySlExIa: Good News, More to Come!

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Dennis F. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Good News ◽  
To Come
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