Recording in the register and assignment (Court of First Instance, infringement action)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Plassmann ◽  
Steffen Steininger
Keyword(s):  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Court Of First Instance ◽  
Made In

Rule 17 UPCARoP governs the recording of the Statement of claim and its assignment to a panel of the division. The necessary entries to be made in the register fall under the scope of duties of the Registry. Art 10 UPCA and Arts 22–25 UPC Statute define detailed requirements for competences and the set-up of the Registry. Recording the procedural data in writing and attribution of an action number ensures that the proceedings are conducted in a clear and comprehensible manner. This takes account of the principle of legal certainty.

Modernising the Community Courts

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 37-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Arnull
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Court Of First Instance ◽  
Community Courts ◽  
Made In

A purist might say that the judicial architecture of what is now the European Union was first altered by the 1957 Convention on Certain Institutions Common to the European Communities. That Convention set up a single Court of Justice with jurisdiction under the three Community Treaties which had by then been signed. However, the 1957 Convention should probably be regarded as the last brick in the original edifice, which was to remain unchanged for nearly 30 years. Although the Court started to express concern about its capacity to cope with its workload in the 1970s, the Member States did not respond until 1986, when provision for a court of first instance was made in the Single European Act. That reform marked the beginning of a period of rapid change in the judicial architecture of the Union.

Modernising the Community Courts

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 37-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Arnull
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Court Of First Instance ◽  
Community Courts ◽  
Made In

A purist might say that the judicial architecture of what is now the European Union was first altered by the 1957 Convention on Certain Institutions Common to the European Communities. That Convention set up a single Court of Justice with jurisdiction under the three Community Treaties which had by then been signed. However, the 1957 Convention should probably be regarded as the last brick in the original edifice, which was to remain unchanged for nearly 30 years. Although the Court started to express concern about its capacity to cope with its workload in the 1970s, the Member States did not respond until 1986, when provision for a court of first instance was made in the Single European Act. That reform marked the beginning of a period of rapid change in the judicial architecture of the Union.

Majolica in the Early Colonial Andes: The Role of Panamanian Wares

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

As one of the most common artifact categories found on Spanish colonial sites, the wheel-made, tin-glazed pottery known as majolica is an important chronological and social indicator for archaeologists. Initially imported from Europe, several manufacturing centers for majolica were set up in the New World by the late sixteenth century. The study of colonial majolica in the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompassed much of South America, has received less attention than ceramic production and trade in the colonial Caribbean and Mesoamerica. Prior to 1650 the Viceroyalty of Peru was supplied with majolica largely produced in the city of Panama Vieja, on the Pacific. Panama Vieja majolica has been recovered from throughout the Andes, as far south as Argentina. Majolica made in Panama Vieja provides an important chronological indicator of early colonial archaeological contexts in the region. The reproduction of Iberian-style majolica for use on elite tables was symbolically important to the imposition of Spanish rule, and thus Panamanian majolicas also provide an important indicator of elite status on Andean colonial sites.

XXXVIII.—Observations with a Current Meter in Loch Ness

1909 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 619-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Wedderburn ◽  
W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Large Lake ◽  
Deep Lakes ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Stormy Weather ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In

One of the authors having made an experimental investigation on the currents produced in a trough of water by a blast of air driven along the surface of the water, it was desired to test the correctness of his deductions by actual observations in a large lake. Loch Ness was chosen on account of its length and uniformity of basin, as it was thought that the length and narrowness of the loch would lead to clearly defined currents being set up in the lake. The sequel showed, as in the case of observations on seiches, that it would have been better to confine attention to a smaller lake, for a twofold reason, (1) because in a large lake the difficulties of observations are much greater than in a small lake during stormy weather, and in very deep lakes the difficulties in the way of obtaining a fixed point from which to use the current meter are formidable, and (2) because it would seem from a few observations made in Loch Garry (Ness Basin) that currents are more defined and more regular in small than in great lakes.

scholarly journals DISPUTES SETTLEMENT OF BALI TRADITIONAL INHERITANCE THROUGH PEACE AGREEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Agung ◽  
I Nyoman Sukandia
Keyword(s):  
Civil Code ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Peace Agreements ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

The inheritance and the division of inheritance that is felt to be unfair is often a source of dispute. The disputes that occur can sometimes be resolved by making a peace agreement between the disputing parties. The peace desired by the parties is, of course, expected to end disputes/conflict and to provide legal certainty among those in dispute. However, sometimes peace agreements that have been made between those in dispute are disputed again in court. This study aims to examine the settlement of Balinese traditional inheritance disputes through a binding peace agreement between the parties make it. The method used in this study is a normative legal research, using a statute approach and a case approach. The result of this study showed that the settlement of Balinese indigenous inheritance disputes through a binding peace agreement of the parties that make it if the peace agreement is made based on the validity of the agreement as stipulated in article 1320 of the Civil Code, based on good faith as the principles in the law of the agreement, and must be made in the form of a notary deed is in accordance with the provisions for conciliation in book III of the Civil Code.  

scholarly journals SANKSI YANG DITERIMA OLEH PEJABAT PEMBUAT AKTE TANAH DALAM PEMBUATAN AKTA AUTENTIK YANG CACAT HUKUM (STUDI PUTUSAN: PN JAKSEL NO. 124/PDT.G/2017/PN.JKT.SEL)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Andi Pratono ◽  
Tjempaka Tjempaka
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Community People ◽  
Is Theory ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Made In

Indonesia is the law of state or law state, as a law state country, Indonesia must have 3(three) important element such as legal certainty, justice, and expediency. Those main elements represent all the law state. In community, people everyday acts always relate to legal act, such as contract, buying or selling object that promised. To ensure those legal act have the ability perfect proof power, those legal act poured in the form of deed. In buying and selling land, a deed of sale and purchase must be made in front authorized official like land deed officer. However land deed officer as public official do make mistake on duty, with the result that party at a disadvantage. Party that loss because of mistake land deed officer, do ask for responsibility by suing the land deed officer to compensate the losses. Land deed officer in carrying out their duties must apply the precautionary principle so as to minimize any mistakes in making the deed. Author is using normative legal research methods, supported by a data which is theory and interviews some expert in land deed officer and Code of Ethics. The legal consequences to the land deed officer due the legal acts are against the law, which is a sanction will be given. The sanction will divided in three types such as sanction according to the Civil Law, Criminal Law and Code of Ethics or Government Regulation about land deed officer.

scholarly journals Device for calibration of low pressure gauges development

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Z.D. Nikitovic
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Molecular Collision ◽  
Gas Discharges ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Vacuum Region ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Made In

Vacuum system set-up is presented and used for calibration of pressure gauges in the region of rough vacuum, from 103 mbar to 10-1 mbar, with dry air. The capacitance manometer is used for the calibration of piezoresistant manometer, oil, mercury and mercury micrometers U manometers. The applicability of the experimental set-up and obtained results for the low pressure gauges calibration in the medium and high vacuum region is approved. It was shown how calibration of some cheaper pressure gauges might be performed and reliable measurements of the pressure may be made in the region that is of interest for atomic and molecular collision physics and low-pressure gas discharges. It was also shown that mentioned calibration procedure could be used for calibration of different U manometer types in order to renormalize older atomic and molecular collision data.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PARA PIHAK DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TANAH LETTER C DI BAWAH TANGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Socha Tcefortin Indera Sakti ◽  
Ambar Budhisulistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Made In ◽  
Laws And Regulations

<p>Abstract <br />This article aims to analyze and to understand the legal protection provided to the parties involved in under-hand agreement of the sale of Letter C land. The legal protection or all of the parties involved is contained in the agreement if the agreement specifically stated it in its clauses. The kegal protection outside of the agreement is contained in the laws and regulations in force which is Civil Code and Statute. The legal protection is an important aspect to ensure the fulfillment of a person’s legal rights. Furthermore, it also has other objective, which is to realize legal certainty, legal benefits, and justice for the parties. Legal protection can be preventive or repressive. The agreements made in the underhand sale of Letter C land forms a legal relationship between the two parties. The legal relations are relationships that result in legal consequences guaranteed by the laws and regulations. Every legal act that causes legal consequences must have legal protection, especially when there is a dispute between the parties. Dispute can occur after the under-hand agreement of the sale of Letter C Land was agreed, therefore legal protection is needed to provide solutions, certainty and clarity towards the resolution of the existing as well as the potential post-agreement disputes.<br />Keywords: Legal Protection; Under-hand Agreement; the sale of Land.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui perlindungan hukum yang diberikan bagi para pihak yang terlibat didalam perjanjian dibawah tangan jual beli tanah Letter C. Perlindungan hukum yang diberikan bagi para pihak dalam perjanjian dibawah tangan terdapat di dalam perjanjian apabila dalam perjanjian disebutkan secara khusus dalam klausula-klausula yang telah disepakati dalam perjanjian. Perlindungan hukum yang terdapat diluar perjanjian yaitu dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, yaitu KUHPerdata dan undang-undang. Perlindungan hukum merupakan suatu hal yang penting dalam menjamin terpenuhinya hak-hak hukum seseorang. Selain itu, perlindungan hukum yang diberikan memiliki tujuan lain yaitu guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum, kemanfaatan hukum, dan keadilan bagi para pihak. Perlindungan hukum yang diberikan dapat bersifat preventif (mencegah) maupun represif (memperbaiki). Perjanjian yang disepakati dalam perjanjian jual beli tanah Letter C dibawah tangan menimbulkan suatu hubungan hukum antara dua pihak yang membuatnya. Hubungan hukum sendiri merupakan hubungan yang menimbulkan akibat hukum yang dijamin oleh hukum atau undang-undang. Setiap perbuatan hukum yang menimbulkan akibat hukum harus memiliki perlindungan hukum, terlebih disaat terjadi suatu sengketa diantara para pihaknya. Sengketa pertanahan dapat timbul setelah disepakatinya perjanjian jual beli tanah Letter C, maka dari itu diperlukan perlindungan hokum untuk memberi solusi dan kepastian serta kejelasan akan penyelesaian sengketa yang ada atau yang berpotensi terjadi pasca perjanjian disepakati.<br />Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Perjanjian di bawah tangan; Jual Beli Tanah.</p>

D Minus Months: Strategic Planning for Weather-Sensitive Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva D. Regnier ◽  
Joel W. Feldmeier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Sequential Decisions ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Made In

General Eisenhower’s decisions to postpone and, one day later, to launch the “D-Day” invasion of Normandy are a gripping illustration of sequential decisions under uncertainty, suitable for any introductory decision analysis class. They’re also the archetypal example of weather-sensitive decision making using a forecast. This paper develops a framework for analyzing weather-sensitive decisions with a focus on the less-familiar strategic decisions that determine how forecasts are produced and what operational alternatives are available so that decision makers can extract value from forecasts. We tell the story of the decisions made in the months before D-Day regarding how to set up the forecasting process and the myriad decisions implicating nation-level resources that prepared Allied forces not just to invade, but to hold open that decision until the last possible hour so that Eisenhower and his staff could use the critical forecasts. Finally, we overview the current state of the weather-forecasting enterprise, the current challenges of interest to decision analysts, and what this means for decision analysts seeking opportunities to help the weather enterprise improve forecasts and to help operational decision makers extract more value from modern weather forecasts.

The Legal Process before 1968: The Juvenile Court

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-144
Author(s):  
Kenneth McK. Norrie
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Hearing System ◽  
Made In

This chapter explores the world-wide movement at the turn of the 20th century towards specialist juvenile courts to deal with children who commit offences. Following the lead of the juvenile court movement in the USA and Australia, the Children Act 1908 set up juvenile courts in both Scotland and England, though in Scotland these courts quickly acquired jurisdiction over both young offenders and children in need of care and protection. Originally little more than a separate set of procedural rules to be followed in the sheriff court dealing with children, an effort was made in the Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Acts 1932 and 1937 to give better effect to the idea of a separate court presided over by specialist judges. Though never nation-wide, these new, enhanced, juvenile courts took on many of the characteristics that were later adopted by the children’s hearing system, including the processes to be followed, the involvement of the children, the requirement to look at the child’s wider environmental circumstances (including the child’s welfare), and the outcomes available to the court.

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