Emotion and Reason

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
Direct Nerve ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

This chapter studies the relationship between emotion and rational thought. Emotions have been found to be linked to chemical changes that can affect both mind and body. The brain is connected with the rest of the body through direct nerve connections to the organs, but also by brain regions like the hypothalamus, and glands linked to it such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones into the blood. As such, some scientists now argue that even human consciousness cannot be thought of as a product solely of the brain, but also of the body. A chemical that plays dual roles in the brain and the rest of the body is dopamine, which is vital for our control of movement and it also regulates many higher mental functions in humans, such as learning, concentration, planning ahead, and pleasure-seeking behaviour. The chapter then looks at the implications of Lev Vygotsky’s view of the interaction between rational thought and emotional responses for education. One important concept in this regard is what Vygotsky termed the 'zone of proximal development.

Individual and Society

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Trigger Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

This chapter investigates the relationship between the individual and society, which has been hotly disputed among philosophers and politicians through the ages. Recent studies have questioned the idea that human beings are naturally solitary individuals. Instead, they suggest that socialising with others is so central to our species that rejection is registered in the same brain regions that respond to physical pain. Other studies have undermined the idea that human beings are inherently selfish, indicating instead that altruistic acts trigger activity in the ‘reward’ region of the brain that is stimulated when a person experiences pleasure. Studies like these raise the question of how the human brain became so attuned to social cues in this way. Here there are two issues to consider. One is evidence that primates in general have evolved to be highly sensitive to social interactions with other members of their species, and this has been accompanied by enhanced brain growth in order to handle these more sophisticated interactions. Yet while social interaction may be hardwired into our brains because of evolutionary changes in our primate ancestors, some features of our strong tendency towards social interaction may be specifically human. The chapter then looks at Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky’s novel ideas about human consciousness.

SENAM OTAK BERBASIS GERAK TRADISI KOORDINASI ASIMETRIS BAGI ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS

Sarwahita ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Dinny Devi Triana ◽  
Eddy Husni
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Needs Children ◽  
Balance Exercise ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT: Brain gymnastic is a collection of simple movements that aim to connect or unite the mind and body through kinesiology educational process. Kinesiology is a science that studies body movement and the relationship between muscle and posture to brain function. The motion of the limbs that is emphasized in brain gymnastics is a cross movement. The movement moves the extremes on one side of the body intersecting the midline and coordinates with the extremes on the other side of the body so that both hemispheres are used at the same time. Gymnastics of the brain in special needs children (simple children needs) as a child slow or slow (retarded) that will never succeed in school as children in general. Thus the basis of the need for bridal gymnastics is devoted to special needs of children who have been learning difficulties or concentrating disorders, and do not have a good focus on observing everything, so there needs to be a drill or balance exercise of coordination and asymmetric movements or crosses to optimize focus and his concentration.   ABSTRAK: Senam otak merupakan kumpulan gerakan-gerakan sederhana yang bertujuan menghubungkan atau menyatukan akal dan tubuh melalui proses edukasi kinesiologi. Kinesiologi merupakan suatu ilmu yang mempelajari gerakan tubuh dan hubungan antara otot dan postur terhadap fungsi otak. Gerak anggota tubuh yang ditekankan pada senam otak adalah gerakan menyilang. Gerakan tersebut menggerakkan ekstremitas pada satu sisi tubuh menyilang garis tengah dan berkoordinasi dengan ekstremitas pada sisi tubuh yang lain sehingga kedua hemisfer dipergunakan pada saat yang bersamaan. Senam otak pada anak kebutuhan khusus (special needs children) secara simple sebagai anak yang lambat (slow) atau mengalami gangguan (retarded) yang tidak akan pernah berhasil di sekolah sebagaimana anak-anak pada umumnya. Dengan demikian dasar kebutuhan adanya senam otak dikhususkan pada anak kebutuhan khusus yang mengalami kesulitan belajar atau gangguan berkonsentrasi, dan tidak memiliki fokus yang baik dalam mengamati segala hal, sehingga perlu adanya drill atau latihan keseimbangan gerak-gerak koordinasi dan asimetris atau menyilang untuk mengoptimalkan fokus dan konsentrasinya.

scholarly journals Functional Disorders and Comorbidity

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 857-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Married Men ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

It seems obvious to most people that the brain and the rest of the body interact. Stress seems to worsen most general medical conditions, mortality is higher among widowers than married men, and almost everyone becomes moody when he or she has a viral infection. However, these are mostly anecdotal observations. The precise ways in which mind and body relate in health and disease is more elusive and, at times, controversial.Perhaps the hardest evidence we have for a mind-body connection comes from studies showing that depression is an independent—and, surprisingly, quite a robust—risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Following acute coronary syndrome depression significantly worsens outcome, including increasing all-cause mortality rates.Another well-documented finding, going in the opposite direction, is the high rate of depression experienced by those receiving α-interferon for the treatment of hepatitis C or malignant melanoma. Less secure is whether depression increases risk or worsens prognosis for cancer; why patients with schizophrenia are at greater risk for heart disease and cancer than the general population; if it is true that stress plays a role in exacerbations of multiple sclerosis; and what is the relationship between depression and the risk for Alzheimer's disease. In each there are conflicting epidemiological data and difficulties understanding the neural mechanisms that would broker the relationship between brain and targeted peripheral organ.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Features of Neuron-Glial Populations in the Brain of Tailless Amphibians

2019 ◽  
pp. 445-459
Author(s):  
Liubov’ N. Afanaskina ◽  
Nadezhda N. Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rana Arvalis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tailless Amphibians

The midbrain roof and cerebellum cortex are the main integrative centers in amphibians. They serve to analyze and process nerve impulses, form the organism’s response, regulate and coordinate movements, connect amphibians with their environments. The present study addresses the relationship between the species of the tailless amphibians inhabiting the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk region (Bufo bufo Linnaeus, Rana arvalis Nilsson, Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, and Rana amurensis Boulenger) and the morphological parameters of the populations of neurons and glia in layer VI of the midbrain roof and layers of the cerebellum cortex. The species-specific structure of amphibians’ brain regions has been found to be evident not only at the organ level (size and shape), but also at the level of the organization of neuron and glial cell populations. Distinctive species-specific differences can be found in the parameters of cell area (the area of the body, the area of the nucleus and the area of the cytoplasm) and the distribution density of neurons and gliocytes. The development of specific morphological features at the cellular level of the arrangement of the midbrain and cerebellum layers in different species of tailless amphibians is associated with long-term phylogenetic transformations of their nervous system and adaptation of amphibians to the terrestrial-aquatic habitat

scholarly journals Historical epistemology of the body-mind interaction in psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Keyword(s):  
Body Problem ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

This paper deals with the history of the relationship between the mind-body dualism and the epistemology of madness. Earlier versions of such dualism posed little problem in regard to the manner of their communication. The Cartesian view that mind and body did, in fact, name different substances introduced a problem of incommunicability that is yet to be resolved. Earlier views that madness may be related to changes in the brain began gaining empirical support during the 17th century. Writers on madness chose to resolve the mind-body problem differently Some stated that such communication was not needed; others, that mind was a redundant concept, as madness could be fully explained by structural changes in the brain; and yet others described psychological spaces for madness to inhabit as a symbolic conflict. The epistemology of the neurosciences bypasses the conundrum, as it processes all together the variables representing the brain, subjectivity, and behavior and bridges the “philosophical” gap by means of correlational structures.

Mind and brain: building bridges linking neurology, psychiatry, and psychology

2010 ◽  
pp. 4746-4748
Author(s):  
A. Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contrast Study ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ambiguous Position

‘The great regions of the mind correspond to the great regions of the brain.’ Paul Broca ‘… the master unsolved problem of biology: how the hundred million nerve cells of the brain work together to create consciousness …’ E.O. Wilson, Consilience, 1998 Here is one view of the relationship between medicine and psychiatry. Physicians study, diagnose, and treat disorders of the body; psychiatrists (by contrast) study, diagnose, and treat disorders of the mind. Medicine has to do mainly with processes in objects, such as the circulation of blood to the kidneys; psychiatrists concern themselves mainly with the experiences of subjects, such as auditory hallucinations. Medical disorders are ‘organic’; psychiatric disorders are ‘functional’. Medicine is mainly a science; psychiatry mainly an art. The brain, on this view, occupies an ambiguous position, poised between body and mind: it is an ambiguous intermediary, a skilful interpreter between the languages of mind and body. Nevertheless, disorders of body and mind can and should be rigorously distinguished....

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NANOPARTICLES TOXICITY OF NICKEL OXIDE IN TWO SIZES IN THE SUBCHRONIC EXPERIMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
M.P. Sutunkova ◽  
B.A. Katsnelson ◽  
L.I. Privalova ◽  
S.N. Solovjeva ◽  
V.B. Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nanoparticles Toxicity

We conducted a comparative assessment of the nickel oxide nanoparticles toxicity (NiO) of two sizes (11 and 25 nm) according to a number of indicators of the body state after repeated intraperitoneal injections of these particles suspensions. At equal mass doses, NiO nanoparticles have been found to cause various manifestations of systemic subchronic toxicity with a particularly pronounced effect on liver, kidney function, the body’s antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, white and red blood, redox metabolism, spleen damage, and some disorders of nervous activity allegedly related to the possibility of nickel penetration into the brain from the blood. The relationship between the diameter and toxicity of particles is ambiguous, which may be due to differences in toxicokinetics, which is controlled by both physiological mechanisms and direct penetration of nanoparticles through biological barriers and, finally, unequal solubility.

Mortal Body, Immortal Mind

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Hans Goller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Near Death Experiences ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Alternative Theories

Neuroscientists keep telling us that the brain produces consciousness and consciousness does not survive brain death because it ceases when brain activity ceases. Research findings on near-death-experiences during cardiac arrest contradict this widely held conviction. They raise perplexing questions with regard to our current understanding of the relationship between consciousness and brain functions. Reports on veridical perceptions during out-of-body experiences suggest that consciousness may be experienced independently of a functioning brain and that self-consciousness may continue even after the termination of brain activity. Data on studies of near-death-experiences could be an incentive to develop alternative theories of the body-mind relation as seen in contemporary neuroscience.

scholarly journals The brain as a fundamental axis in learning process

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Luis Raul Meza Mendoza ◽  
María Elena Moya Martinez ◽  
Angelica Maria Sabando Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional Scheme ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Learning Schemes ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
The Way

Since the beginning of humanity, an attempt has been made to explain the way in which man acquires knowledge, the way in which he assimilates, processes and executes it in order to develop the teaching-learning process that people need throughout of his life, which forces to change the learning schemes using new study methodologies, such as neuroscience, which is a discipline that studies the functioning of the brain, the relationship of neurons to the formation of synapses creating immediate responses which transmits to the body voluntarily and involuntarily, in addition to controlling the central and peripheral nervous system with their respective functions. It is necessary to change the traditional scheme and implement new strategies that allow the teacher to venture into neuroscience, in order to individually understand the different learning processes that students do. As some authors of neuroscience say, the brain performs processes of acquisition, storage and evocation of information, which form new knowledge schemes that generate changes in the attitude of the human being, for this reason teachers are responsible for taking advantage of what It is known about the multiple functions of the brain and be clear about the various ways of acquiring knowledge.

scholarly journals Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Golongan Darah

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Hamam Burhanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The study in this paper are explain about the studies of medical (medicine) blood type have the same relationship to human character because the blood producing antibodies and antigens. It could determine a person helpless hold strong or weak body, has an allergy to something or not, in the blood also contains various nutrients (like protein) and also the oxygen being supplied to the brain and nerves and body affect performance someone will then be emanated from the attitude of the person and social interaction. As has been explained, but keep in mind, there is blood in the genes, the nature of which is carried in the body/genotif rightly so it is, but we can not ignore the fenotif/nature arising or visible, this trait appear due to interaction between genes and the environment, so even if the person is smart in the intelligentsia and emotional, but grew up in a bad environment is going to be a bad trait. The theory of personality based on blood type can be used as a reference in parenting children through an understanding of the fundamental principles of the application of personality accompanied by parenting. Furthermore, the taking of steps in the care tailored to the stage of development of the child, in the Qur'an explicitly did not mentioned paragraph that discusses about blood type, but in the Qur'an there are blood (ad-Dam), Islamic studies in the study of Children is seen as a mandate from God, forming 3-dimensional relationships, with parents as the central figure. First, her parents relationship with God that is backed by the presence of children. Second, the relationship of the child (which still need a lot of guidance) with God through his parents. Third, the relationship of the child with both parents under the tutelage and guidance of God.

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