The Clash of Legitimacies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gamberini
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
Different Levels

This book aims to make an innovative contribution to the history of the state-building process in late medieval Lombardy (thirteenth–fifteenth centuries), by illuminating the myriad conflicts attending the legitimacy of power and authority at different levels of society. Through the analysis of the rhetorical forms and linguistic repertoires deployed by the many protagonists (not just the prince, but also cities, communities, peasants, and factions) to express their own ideals of shared political life, the work proposes to reveal the depth of the conflicts in which opposing political actors were not only inspired by competing material interests—as in the traditional interpretation to be found in previous historiography—but were often also guided by differing concepts of authority. From this comes a largely new image of the late medieval–early Renaissance state, one without a monopoly of force—as has been shown in many studies since the 1970s—and one that did not even have the monopoly of legitimacy. The limitations of attempts by governors to present the political principles that inspired their acts as shared and universally recognized are revealed by a historical analysis firmly intent on investigating the existence, in particular territorial or social ambits, of other political cultures which based obedience to authority on different, and frequently original, ideals.

Historiography: An Introductory Guide

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Ka-May Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Historian ◽  
Subjective Perspective ◽  
The Many

“What is historiography?” asked the American historian Carl Becker in 1938. Professional historians continue to argue over the meaning of the term. This book challenges the view of historiography as an esoteric subject by presenting an accessible and concise overview of the history of historical writing from the Renaissance to the present. Historiography plays an integral role in aiding undergraduate students to better understand the nature and purpose of historical analysis more generally by examining the many conflicting ways that historians have defined and approached history. By demonstrating how these historians have differed in both their interpretations of specific historical events and their definitions of history itself, this book conveys to students the interpretive character of history as a discipline and the way that the historian’s context and subjective perspective influence his or her understanding of the past.

scholarly journals “An Actor Is a Priest in Buffoon’s Clothes”

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-289
Author(s):  
Marina S. Krutova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
Different Levels

The article raises the actual questions: if the theater can be Christian and who in that case the actor is — “a priest” or “a buffoon”. The purpose of this article is to consider the issue of “Christian theater” at different levels: historical, psychological, social. The article analyzes the issues of actors’ personalities formation and their religious sear­ches. There are considered the conditions of Christian upbringing in families and faith preservation in the complex historical period of the Russian history of the late 19th — mid-20th century. The no­velty of this study lies in the fact that it introduces into scientific circulation little-known manuscript materials stored in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library: 44 autobiographies of recognized actors, which were published in 1928 in edited form by the writer V.G. Lidin; as well as some other unpublished documents. The sources show that actors brought up on Christian ideals followed them in their work, despite the difficult conditions of socio-political life in the country. Among them are well-known actors of the Moscow Art Theater, Moscow Art Academic Theater, State Academic Maly Thea­ter, Vsevolod Meyerhold State Theater, Bolshoi Drama Theater, Vakhtangov State Academic Theater (and others): V. Kachalov, I. Ilyinsky, R. Apollonsky, L. Vivyen, G. Ge, A Koonen, A. Orochko, G. Martynova and other masters. The article also uses some little-known writings of the actors, their questionnaires on the psychology of acting, photographs, as well as manuscripts and published memoirs of their contemporaries (E.D. Golovinskaya, E.A. Korotneva, V.D. Markov, Yu. Panich), allowing to consider the issue of “Christian theater” from different sides.

scholarly journals The Frisians as a Chosen People

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-207
Author(s):  
Johannes A. Mol ◽  
Justine Smithuis
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Base Text

Abstract Five late-medieval historical chronicles from Frisia present a series of legends about the Frisians, concerning their origin and the acquisition of their freedom. Each of these legends opens with a concrete parallel from the history of the Jewish people, making it clear that the Frisians, too, enjoyed God’s exceptional protection. This article tries to establish when and why these works were written. The many divergences between the five texts demonstrate that many more versions and copies were once in circulation. In particular, the chronicles were intended to reach the inhabitants of Frisia west of the Lauwers. It can be shown that the base versions of the vernacular editions were written between 1464 and 1479. One of the places where editing of these took place was the Cistercian abbey of Klaarkamp. However, the author of the Latin base text, the Historia Frisiae, does not seem to have been a monk given that his work has a more militant character than the popular versions. Nevertheless, all of the texts were intended to reinforce of the patriotic awareness of the Frisians at a time when their political autonomy was threatened by the dukes of Burgundy.

Tristan und Isolde at the Margins of Music-Analytical Discourse: A Dialogic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-113
Author(s):  
John Koslovsky
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Music Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Schenkerian Analysis ◽  
Music Drama ◽  
Tristan Und Isolde ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Whether or not the Prelude to Richard Wagner's 1859 music drama Tristan und Isolde is the most analyzed piece in the history of Western music, owing to its ongoing canonical status, it behooves us to consider how it has affected the field of music analysis over the past 150 years. More than any other piece, Wagner's Prelude is able to expose the many conflicts that arise between analytical approaches: while it can demonstrate the limits of one particular approach vis-à-vis another, it may also reveal new potentialities that divergent analyses offer when seen from an intertextual point of view.<br/> As a test case, this article will position three contemporaneous analyses of the opening measures of the Prelude against one another: Horst Scharschuch's post-Riemannian harmonic analysis and Jacques Chailley's style-historical analysis, both from 1963, and William Mitchell's Schenkerian analysis of 1967. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's concepts of "dialogism" and "heteroglossia," I will trace a broader historiographical and intertextual network surrounding the history of analyzing Tristan, with the goal of refocusing our analytical priorities around this work and penetrating the continuities and discontinuities between competing analyses. In this way, the article aims at opening up a further dialogic space in music analysis, both in our historical considerations and in the way we approach analysis as an intertext—that is, by traversing the fissures in the reified verities of a "unified" analysis and the multiple interpretative transpositions underlying our deciphering of analytical texts. It will conclude by offering yet another interpretation of Wagner's famous chord.

scholarly journals Moral Revolutions: The Politics of Piety in the Ottoman Empire Reimagined

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-623
Author(s):  
Nir Shafir
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Advice Books

AbstractOver the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries an immense body of morality literature emerged in the Ottoman Empire as part of a widespread turn to piety. This article draws upon the anthropology of Islamic revival and secularism to reassess this literature's importance and propose a new view of the history of political thought in the empire. It does so through a close analysis of a fundamental concept of Ottoman political life: “naṣīḥat, ” or “advice.” Historians have used “advice books” to counter the presumption that the Ottoman Empire declined after the sixteenth century, but in doing so they have overlooked the concept's broader meaning as “morally corrective criticism.” I analyze two competing visions of naṣīḥat at the turn of the eighteenth century to reveal how the concept was deployed to politically transform the empire by reforming its subjects’ morality. One was a campaign by the chief jurist Feyżullah Efendi to educate every Muslim in the basic tenets of Islam. The other was a wildly popular “advice book” written by the poet Nābī to his son that both explicates a new moral code and declares the empire's government and institutions illegitimate. Both transformed politics by requiring that all subjects be responsible moral, and therefore political, actors. The pietistic turn, I argue, turned domestic spaces into political battlegrounds and ultimately created new, individualistic political subjectivities. This, though, requires challenging functionalist conceptions of the relationship between religion and politics and the secularist inclination among historians to relegate morality to the private sphere.

Crisis Management and the Institutions of Austerity: A Comparison of Latin American and Greek Experiences

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Panageotou ◽  
Jon Shefner
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Debt Crises ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring ◽  
Austerity Policy

The proliferation of debt crises around the world since the 1980’s has generated debt-repayment negotiations prioritizing austerity in debtor countries. This forty-year history of debt crises in the Global South and North now allows comparison of these negotiations and their impacts. We examine the distinct and historically specific trajectories in Latin American and Greece, highlighting the foundations of each experience of debt crisis. We focus on the institutions responsible for managing crisis and their reliance on similar austerity strategies to compel debtor countries into a neoliberal restructuring of their economies. This paper examines the similarities and differences in austerity policy through a comparative-historical analysis of Latin American and Greek experiences of debt crisis. The results of such policies and the political actors involved in implementing austerity are also examined.

scholarly journals Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky: Towards the Problem of Formation of National-Political and Religious Views

2002 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Ya. Bilas
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Life ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The Many

Andrey Sheptytsky - Metropolitan of the Greek Catholic Church, belongs to the key figures of Ukrainian history of the first half of the twentieth century. Its influence on the spiritual and national-political life of Ukrainians of that time, the processes of crystallization of national consciousness, as well as on the sphere of practical politics, cannot be overestimated. A. Sheptytsky's life path is an object of constant attention of historians, but it would still be early to assert its full and comprehensive coverage. One of the debating issues in historiography remains the formation of national-political and religious views of the future Metropolitan. As you know, A. Sheptytsky was descended from the Polonized family, the process of his upbringing and education took place in the circle of Polish culture and national-state tradition. Already at adulthood, he made a conscious choice in favor of the Ukrainian Church and nation. The reasons and motives for this choice require a thorough study, taking into account the many factors that led it.

scholarly journals The Moral Grounds of Arendt’s Conception of Politics

Problemos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Simas Čelutka
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Fundamental Categories ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Many critics of Hannah Arendt claim that her account of politics lacks moral guidelines and constraints. In their view, she radically dissociated politics from morality. Such an interpretation is mistaken. These critics fail to acknowledge that Arendt’s conception has its own resources of normativity. Fundamental categories of Arendt’s political theory (plurality, natality, freedom, equality, forgiveness, promise) serve moral, as well as political, purposes. The internalization of these categories strengthens political actors’ moral judgment and their sense of responsibility. Active participation in political life engenders respect for human dignity and the multiplicity of different perspectives. Critics ignore the moral dimension of Arendt’s conception of politics because they confuse different levels of analysis of the relationship between politics and morality. In the paper, these levels are discussed using the metaphor of a three-storey house.

Concluding Note

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gamberini
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
Obedience To Authority

This chapter summarizes all the main points and issues addressed in previous chapters (both in Part I and in Part II), with the aim of highlighting the common thread that runs through the entire work. The result is a new reading of the state-building process at the end of the Middle Ages. The limitations of attempts by governors to present the political principles that inspired their acts as shared and universally recognized are revealed by a historical analysis firmly intent on investigating the existence, in particular territorial or social ambits, of other political cultures which based obedience to authority on different, and frequently original, ideals.

scholarly journals Girlhood (It’s complicated)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-163
Author(s):  
Kathleen Franz ◽  
Nancy Bercaw ◽  
Kenneth Cohen ◽  
Mireya Loza ◽  
Sam Vong
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Public Lives ◽  
The Many

Girlhood (It’s complicated) is an exhibition at the National Museum of American History (NMAH), part of the Smithsonian Institution, which opened in October of 2020. Created with federal funding as part of the American Women’s History Initiative (AWHI), the exhibition commemorates the centennial of women’s suffrage. To put a fresh spin on this anniversary and draw attention to larger, intertwining issues of gender and politics in the United States, the exhibition team chose to explore the history of girlhood and girls as political actors as the focus of the show. Drawing on the rich, interdisciplinary literature of girlhood studies and inspired by zines as a form of identity creation and political self-expression, the show aims to create a public history of girlhood that unveils the public lives of girls in the past and showcases the many ways in which they, even without the vote or formal political power, have had a political voice in American history. The exhibition is open at the NMAH from October 2020 to January 2023, and will travel with the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service through 2026.

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