Subnational Occupations

2018 ◽  
pp. 197-218
Author(s):  
Sarah Besky
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Darjeeling Tea

Darjeeling’s famed tea plantations are staffed almost exclusively by an Indian Nepali (or Gorkha) labour force, whose ability to advance beyond field labour has been severely limited. In 2008, retired Gorkha plantation managers founded the Darjeeling Tea Management Training Centre (DTMTC). Though it was modeled on similar training programs, DTMTC’s goal had a twist: to prepare Gorkhas as plantation managers. According to DTMTC teachers, the contemporary Darjeeling tea industry remains precarious, stemming from a lack of knowledge on the part of Gorkhas as to how to run the industry. The DTMTC, then, was a novel blend of vocational training and political action. This chapter explores how the institute’s goals were interwoven with ideas of connection between people, plants and moral obligations to care for a Gorkha landscape—a landscape that might be improved with the right kinds of training.

Coolie Drivers Or Benevolent Paternalists? British Tea Planters in Assam and the Indenture Labour System

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANA P. BEHAL
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
World Market ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis paper traces the evolution of the indenture labour system in the tea plantations of Assam and, simultaneously, the shaping of the attitudes of British planters towards the labour force. Also explored are: the significant fact that only a small number of British managerial personnel were in charge of a huge migrant labour force; how the need to step up tea production for the competitive world market while keeping down costs—i.e. labour costs, being the main production cost—fostered an exploitative labour system, with planters taking frequent recourse to physical and economic coercion; and the ensuing extra-legal measures needed to keep the labour force under control. The paper also demonstrates that the colonial state was in full cognizance of the injustices of the labour system. Legislation by the government had laid the foundations of the indenture system and, while there were provisions for protecting the interests of labour force, these were on the whole ignored, with the state turning a blind eye to the planters’ use of physical and other extra-legal measures. One instance involved Chief Commissioner Henry Cotton, who attacked the injustices of the system. This attack was silenced swiftly, and the stance taken by Viceroy Curzon as the incident played out is a clear pointer to the government's willingness, to side with tea-industry interests at all costs.

The Right to Avoid Procreation and the Regulation of Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Rothmar Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

This chapter discusses the right to avoid procreation and the regulation of pregnancy from a European perspective. The legal basis for a right to avoid procreation can be said to fall within the scope of several provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), an instrument that is binding for all European countries. Here, Article 12 of the ECHR gives men and women of marriageable age the right to marry and found a family in accordance with the national laws governing this right. However, Article 12 protects some elements of the right not to procreate, but for couples only. The lack of common European consensus in this area highlights how matters relating to the right to decide on the number and spacing of children touch on aspects that differ from country to country even in what could appear to be a homogenous region. In fact, the cultural, moral, and historical milieus that surround these rights differ considerably with diverse national perceptions of the role of the family, gender equality, religious and moral obligations, and so on.

scholarly journals Fear of Small Numbers and Political Behaviour of Ethnocentric Majority of Sri Lanka: Undeclared War against Upcountry Tamil Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Harsha Senanayake
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
International System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Abstract The United Nations Human Development Report (UNHDR) mentions that the rights of women and female children are inalienable, integral and indivisible. It further highlights the full and equal participation of women in every segment of the social process without any discrimination or without considering sex - gender hierarchies.1 The legal frameworks of the international system and local political space is accepting of the normative values of gender equality and the eradication of gender-based discrimination. But most of the majoritarian societies challenge these legal frameworks to address their political, social and market-oriented interests. These actions are driven by political, social and structural frameworks which have been accepted by the majoritarian societies in the liberal democratic world. Tamil women in upcountry tea plantations in Sri Lanka were subjected to systemic and structural violence because of Sinhala majoritarian statecrafts in post-independence Sri Lanka. The ethnocentric violence directly problematises human security, survival and the personal rights of the upcountry Tamil female labour force. This paper discusses the survival of Tamil female plantation labour forces, focusing mainly on the security crisis of female reproductive rights under the ethnocentric Sinhala Majoritarian Society.

Disasters and Development: Part 2: Understanding and Exploiting Disaster-Development Linkages

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob S. Stephenson ◽  
Charles DuFrane
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
General Assistance ◽  
Administrative Procedures

AbstractThis lesson is a continuation of Disasters and Development: Part 2: Understanding and Exploiting Disaster-Development Linkages published in Prehospital and Disaster Medicine in Volume 17, Number 3. It identifies the goals of a specific damage mitigation project that can be incorporated into a regular development project and the mechanisms for obtaining the mitigation component of such a project. Mechanisms for assessing the success of such a project are discussed. It stresses the importance of the application of building codes, associated training programs, and more extensive use of zoning regulations in urban development that decrease the population at risk and the likelihood of damage to industrial facilities. Disasters can elevate the development potential of a society at risk for damage from a hazard. The political impact of damage and disruption can be a catalyst for change. Development opportunities often are compromised because of an excessive focus on relief assistance. Interventions designed to mitigate the damage from a given hazard are particularly effective when they focus on areas at particularly high risk for actualization of the hazard. Support from the private sector, including the non-formal sector, is a key element of successful reconstruction management. The period of recovery is an opportunity for general assistance to government with administrative procedures, including enhanced management training programs.

scholarly journals Les grèves de médecins en République Démocratique du Congo : quels repères éthiques généralisables?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Laurent Jean-Claude Ravez ◽  
Stuart Rennie ◽  
Robert Yemesi ◽  
Jean-Lambert Chalachala ◽  
Darius Makindu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Minimum Quality

For several years, the Democratic Republic of Congo has been the scene of strikes by the country’s doctors. The strikers’ demands are essentially financial and statutory and are intended to put pressure on the government. In this country, as is the case almost everywhere in the world, medical strikes are allowed. Every worker has the right to denounce by strike working conditions that are considered unacceptable. But are doctors just like any other workers? Do they not have particular moral obligations linked to the specificities of their profession? To shed light on these questions, the authors of this article propose three essential moral benchmarks that can be generalized to medical strike situations elsewhere in the world. The first concerns the recognition of the right to strike for doctors, including for strictly financial reasons. Health professionals cannot be asked to work in inhuman working conditions or without a salary to support their families. The second benchmark argues that it is unacceptable for this right to strike to be exercised if it sacrifices the most vulnerable patients and thus denies the very essence of the medical profession. A third benchmark complicates the reflection by reminding us that the extreme dilapidation of the Congolese health system makes it impossible to organise a minimum quality service in the event of a strike. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a national therapeutic alliance between doctors and citizens to put patients back at the centre of the health system’s concerns.

scholarly journals Fundamentos constitucionais da proteção social: continuidades e ruturas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Carolo ◽  
Mariana Trigo Pereira ◽  
Pedro Adão e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The Right

This article discusses the ways in which the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic has embodied to the political choices made during the process of creating and defining a democratic welfare state and how the various constitutional principles are reflected in the architecture of the system and have gradually changed over the years. The authors argue that when Portugal transitioned to democracy, unlike other areas of the country’s social policies the social security system retained some of its earlier organising principles. Having said this, this resilience on the part of the Portuguese system’s Bismarckian template has not prevented social protection from expanding here in accordance with universal principles, and has given successive governments manoeuvring room in which to define programmatically distinct policies and implement differentiated reformist strategies. The paper concludes by arguing that while the Constitution has not placed an insurmountable limit on governments’ political action, it has served as a point of veto, namely by means of the way in which the Constitutional Court has defended the right to social protection, be it in the form of social insurance, be it in the imposition of certain social minima.

Preparing the Right Physicians to be Exceptional Leaders in the 21st Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Cohen ◽  
Kenneth Hanover
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Training ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Physician Leaders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Formal Leadership

This chapter describes evidence-based strategies found to most effectively maximize the Return On Investment (ROI) of physicians' formal leadership training programs. Recognizing that no two prospective physician leaders are exactly the same, formal leadership training programs cannot be most effective if these do not allow for organizational and situational differences as well as critical differences among physicians' demonstrated personalities and leadership styles. When selecting prospective physician leaders, the authors advocate for an individualized process which requires “Diagnosis Before Treatment,” “Three Dimensional Screening,” and the application of “More Effective Alternative Strategies” in order to avoid committing the “12 Deadly Sins.”

Adaptive and Sustainable Leadership for Event Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Salih ◽  
Brenda Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Sustainable Leadership ◽  
Event Management ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Right

Event Management, as a field of study, is relatively nascent. Attempts have been made by some scholars to define a workable framework that includes collaboration from different knowledge disciplines or industry services (Getz, 2000). However, as with many other fields of study, research reacts to the phenomena happening in the outside world, and attempts to find the right solution to standardize individuals’ and organisations’ practice. While we understand the gap between academia and practice, where the latter is always advancing due to actual needs on the ground, we also believe that adopting a proactive approach in research to provide the right solutions and run proper training programs, can help to bridge this gap and provide real value to practice.

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