The Long Shadow of Nigeria’s Military Epochs, 1966–79 and 1983–99
Nigeria was a paradigmatic case of military rule that was a defining feature of politics in developing countries between the 1960s and early 1990s. Military rule in Nigeria was symptomatic of state fragility, which provided grounds for coups and self-appointed corrective agendas of successive military governments. Attempts to address fundamental issues of political accommodation and economic development, and enhance the overall promise and potential of military rule were hampered by three major factors. These were the authoritarian and hyper-centralist character of military regimes, partisan character of coups and governments (which led to civil war in 1967–70), and regime-prolongation and self-succession ambitions of military rulers. This chapter discusses the intricacies of military intervention, the nature and legacies of military regime, how they manifested under the different governments, and how and why the changes introduced by them had epochal effects on the country.