Political Careers of Ministers and Prime Ministers

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-250
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Müller-Rommel ◽  
Corinna Kroeber ◽  
Michelangelo Vercesi
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Political Careers ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Methodological Improvement ◽  
Executive Careers ◽  
Presidential Systems

The concept of career, while ubiquitous in elite research, has hardly received any comprehensive analytical treatment in the study of political executives. This chapter will summarize and develop the basic theoretical and methodological approaches as well as empirical findings of studies investigating political careers of cabinet members in democratic parliamentary and semi-presidential systems at the national level. It is divided into three sections. The first provides a sketch of the basic research questions that have been raised (and discussed) in the field of executive careers studies over the past decades. The second part offers a systematic survey of the current state of the literature concerned with ministers’ and prime ministers’ political careers. The third section presents some avenues for future research, including the potential for further theoretical and methodological improvement, followed by some concluding remarks.

Looking Back, Looking Forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-125
Author(s):  
Carsten T. Vala
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Christianity In China ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Religious Ecology ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
The Impact

This essay sketches the current state of fieldwork-based studies of Christianity in China, focusing on monographs published from 2008 to 2018. It discusses strengths and gaps in research paradigms (religious economy or market theory; rational-actor bargaining; institutional theory; religious ecology), levels of analysis (macro- or national level; meso- or regional level; micro- or congregational level), and modes of interaction (resistance-domination; negotiation; cooperation) in an effort to point out areas rich for future research: the impact of theologies and denominations, the existence of regional models of Christianity, and the study of money, real estate, social service, syncretism, and religious decline.

The Psychology of Family Law

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Brank ◽  
Linda Demaine
Keyword(s):  
Family Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Law And Psychology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Theoretical Statement

Although family law is diverse and does not fit into a neat theoretical statement as do many other areas of law, one consistent theme is present in family law—human behavior. Although relying too heavily and uncritically on empirical data and conclusions can be risky, there is promise and utility in empirical science applied to family law. This book focuses on the premise that empirical research in family law can lead to better outcomes in many situations. Like other texts in the current Law and Psychology series, this book examines and includes a variety of psychological theories stemming from both applied and basic research. With that, the book has four main ambitions. First, it will explain the current state of family law. Second, it will demonstrate the relevance of psychological research to family law topics. Third, it will describe the existing research on those topics. And, fourth, it will outline areas for future research; offering specific research questions in some instances. Family law is inextricably linked with culture and time period; therefore, the book provides historical context and while examining individual behaviors and choices that laid foundations for our evolved and evolving current family law.

Measuring Presidential and Prime Ministerial Power

2020 ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
David Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
Successful Measurement ◽  
Presidential Systems ◽  
Ministerial Power

The power of the executive is central to any understanding of politics. For those working in the tradition of comparative politics, the successful measurement of executive power is necessary to test our theories and push the discipline forward. Yet no clear consensus exists as to exactly how we should measure executive power. The purpose of this chapter is to provide some synthesis to the large amount of work that measures either presidential or prime ministerial power. After discussing the importance of executive power and considering the conceptual clarity of such measures, the chapter surveys existing measures of executive power from presidents to prime ministers. It highlights the divergence between measures of executive power in presidential systems in comparison to measures of executive power in parliamentary systems. Part of this divergence stems from the different sources of executive power for presidents, where power is rooted in constitutions, compared with prime ministers, where power is largely relational. There is also disagreement about the nature of power within regime types however. The chapter concludes by considering the future research agenda.

Self-leadership Training Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sidwell ◽  
Michael Perry
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
A Current

The purpose of this article was to examine the current state of self-leadership training. The authors analyzed all published, publicly available studies (in English) pertaining to self-leadership training methods, offering a current state of self-leadership training, and implications for future research.

scholarly journals A gold mine, but still no Klondike: Nordic register data in health inequalities research

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil A. Van Der Wel ◽  
Olof Östergren ◽  
Olle Lundberg ◽  
Kaarina Korhonen ◽  
Pekka Martikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Acquisition Processes

Aims: Future research on health inequality relies on data that cover life-course exposure, different birth cohorts and variation in policy contexts. Nordic register data have long been celebrated as a ‘gold mine’ for research, and fulfil many of these criteria. However, access to and use of such data are hampered by a number of hurdles and bottlenecks. We present and discuss the experiences of an ongoing Nordic consortium from the process of acquiring register data on socio-economic conditions and health in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Methods: We compare experiences of data-acquisition processes from a researcher’s perspective in the four countries and discuss the comparability of register data and the modes of collaboration available to researchers, given the prevailing ethical and legal restrictions. Results: The application processes we experienced were time-consuming, and decision structures were often fragmented. We found substantial variation between the countries in terms of processing times, costs and the administrative burden of the researcher. Concerned agencies differed in policy and practice which influenced both how and when data were delivered. These discrepancies present a challenge to comparative research. Conclusions: We conclude that there are few signs of harmonisation, as called for by previous policy documents and research papers. Ethical vetting needs to be centralised both within and between countries in order to improve data access. Institutional factors that seem to facilitate access to register data at the national level include single storage environments for health and social data, simplified ethical vetting and user guidance.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Unraveling the Conundrum in Skeletal Muscle?

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5372-5381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel K Stepto ◽  
Alba Moreno-Asso ◽  
Luke C McIlvenna ◽  
Kirsty A Walters ◽  
Raymond J Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition affecting 8% to 13% of women across the lifespan. PCOS affects reproductive, metabolic, and mental health, generating a considerable health burden. Advances in treatment of women with PCOS has been hampered by evolving diagnostic criteria and poor recognition by clinicians. This has resulted in limited clinical and basic research. In this study, we provide insights into the current and future research on the metabolic features of PCOS, specifically as they relate to PCOS-specific insulin resistance (IR), that may affect the most metabolically active tissue, skeletal muscle. Current Knowledge PCOS is a highly heritable condition, yet it is phenotypically heterogeneous in both reproductive and metabolic features. Human studies thus far have not identified molecular mechanisms of PCOS-specific IR in skeletal muscle. However, recent research has provided new insights that implicate energy-sensing pathways regulated via epigenomic and resultant transcriptomic changes. Animal models, while in existence, have been underused in exploring molecular mechanisms of IR in PCOS and specifically in skeletal muscle. Future Directions Based on the latest evidence synthesis and technologies, researchers exploring molecular mechanisms of IR in PCOS, specifically in muscle, will likely need to generate new hypothesis to be tested in human and animal studies. Conclusion Investigations to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving IR in PCOS are in their early stages, yet remarkable advances have been made in skeletal muscle. Overall, investigations have thus far created more questions than answers, which provide new opportunities to study complex endocrine conditions.

From Globalisation to Revolution? The Porfirian Political Economy: An Essay on Issues and Interpretations

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLO RIGUZZI
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Current State ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
State Finance

AbstractThis essay evaluates the political economy of Mexico during the Porfirian period (1876–1911), with the aim of discussing advances in scholarship and presenting an outline of the elements for a future research agenda. To this end, the essay examines the current state of knowledge on four crucial aspects of the Mexican economy: growth and its dimensions; the state, finance and economic strategies; the construction and functioning of the internal market; and the international economic relations of Mexico during the first period of globalisation. In particular, it assesses the arguments that link features of Porfirian economic organisation with the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910.

A Scoping Review of Resilience in Survivors of Human Trafficking

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802098556
Author(s):  
Logan Knight ◽  
Yitong Xin ◽  
Cecilia Mengo
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Current State ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Sexual Trafficking

Resilience is critical among survivors of trafficking as they are mostly vulnerable populations who face multiple adversities before, during, and after trafficking. However, resilience in survivors of trafficking is understudied. This scoping review aims to clarify the current state of knowledge, focusing on definitions of resilience, how resilience has been studied, and factors associated with resilience among survivors. Five databases were searched using key words related to trafficking and resilience. Studies were included if they were published in English between 2000 and 2019 and focused on resilience with the study design including at least one of these four features: (a) use of standardized measures of resilience, (b) qualitative descriptions of resilience, (c) participants were survivors or professionals serving survivors, and (d) data sources such as case files or program manuals directly pertained to survivors. Eighteen studies were identified. Findings indicated that resilience was primarily described as emergent from interactions between the survivor and the environment. Resilience in trafficking appeared largely similar to resilience in other kinds of victimization. Nonetheless, trafficking survivors also may display resilience in alternative ways such as refusing treatment. Positive interpersonal relationships were the most commonly mentioned resilience factor. In addition, current research lacks studies featuring longitudinal designs, interventions, participatory methods, types of trafficking other than sexual trafficking, and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and national origin. Future research needs to establish definitions and measures of resilience that are culturally and contextually relevant to survivors and build knowledge necessary for designing and evaluating resilience-enhancing interventions.

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