scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome: characterization and outcomes of 51 patients

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Brito-Zerón ◽  
Sheila Melchor ◽  
Raphaèle Seror ◽  
Roberta Priori ◽  
Roser Solans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Abnormality ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
At Home

Abstract Objective To analyse the prognosis and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary SS. Methods We searched for patients with primary SS presenting with SARS-CoV-2 infection (defined following and according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guidelines) among those included in the Big Data Sjögren Registry, an international, multicentre registry of patients diagnosed according to the 2002/2016 classification criteria. Results A total of 51 patients were included in the study (46 women, mean age at diagnosis of infection of 60 years). According to the number of patients with primary SS evaluated in the Registry (n = 8211), the estimated frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.62% (95% CI 0.44, 0.80). All but two presented with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, including fever (82%), cough (57%), dyspnoea (39%), fatigue/myalgias (27%) and diarrhoea (24%), and the most frequent abnormalities included raised lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (88%), CRP (81%) and D-dimer (82%) values, and lymphopenia (70%). Infection was managed at home in 26 (51%) cases and 25 (49%) required hospitalization (five required admission to ICU, four died). Compared with patients managed at home, those requiring hospitalization had higher odds of having lymphopenia as laboratory abnormality (adjusted OR 21.22, 95% CI 2.39, 524.09). Patients with comorbidities had an older age (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00, 1.11) and showed a risk for hospital admission six times higher than those without (adjusted OR 6.01, 95% CI 1.72, 23.51) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Baseline comorbidities were a key risk factor for a more complicated COVID-19 in patients with primary SS, with higher rates of hospitalization and poor outcomes in comparison with patients without comorbidities.

scholarly journals Knowledge Enhancement about COVID-19 Prevention on Community with Webinar Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Ratih Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Knowledge Enhancement ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Home

COVID-19 is increasingly difficult to control. There is evidence of an increase in cases during the beginning of December. There needs to be community participation in prevention and control efforts anywhere (including at home, public facilities and workplaces). Webinars are a method that can be used during a pandemic to increase public knowledge. In this activity, the results showed that some of the participants were female in the age group less than 30 years old with status as students. There was a significant increase in knowledge (p-value = 0.000) of community groups who were provided with counseling through webinars of 9.17 points. It is necessary to expand the reach of people who get counseling through webinars so that information or knowledge about the prevention and handling of COVID-19 can be widely spread throughout Indonesia. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among College Students in Wuhan, China During the Normalization Stage of COVID-19 Prevention and Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincong Yu ◽  
Ziyun Yang ◽  
Yuqin Wu ◽  
Ming Ge ◽  
Xuemei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Home

Objectives: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has led to persistent negative psychological effects on the general public, especially on college students, who are highly susceptible to psychological difficulties, such as fear, anxiety, and depression. Little information is known about depressive symptoms among college students during the normalization stage of COVID-19 prevention and control in China. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of and factors associated with depressive symptoms after a long quarantine time and online learning at home among college students in Wuhan, China.Materials and Methods: A web-based survey was conducted from July to August 2020 during the Chinese summer holiday to collect data on sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, and their potential associated factors using an electronic questionnaire among college students in Wuhan, China. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with depressive symptoms.Results: A total of 9,383 college students were included in the analysis. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.8% (1,486/9,383) among college students. The binary logistic regression showed that the experience of being quarantined for observation or treatment, family members or friends dying of COVID-19, rarely or never seeking help from others, fewer supportive relatives or friends, less support from family in the past month, a worse relationship with parents at home, a longer time spent daily on electronic devices except for online learning, and feeling anxious in the face of returning to school were independently associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. Academic stress and concern about the epidemic were the main reasons for their anxiety.Conclusions: Targeted psychological intervention measures are recommended for college students to improve their mental health during the normalization stage of COVID-19 prevention and control.

Recent epidemiological trends in extrapulmonary TB in Galicia, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
L. Ferreiro ◽  
A. Ruano-Raviña ◽  
R. Otero-Mallo ◽  
C. Pou-Álvarez ◽  
V. Riveiro-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological trends and characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Galicia, Spain, from 2000 to 2019.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data from the Galician TB information system.RESULTS: Of the total number of TB cases (n = 15,871), 5,428 (34.2%) had EPTB. The absolute number of cases and incidence of EPTB decreased dramatically (from 480 cases and 17.8 cases/100,000 in 2000, to 172 and 6.4 cases/100,000 in 2019, respectively), with a mean annual decrease of respectively 64% and 4.7% for absolute cases and incidence rates. The risk for EPTB was higher in men than in women (RR 3.86, 95% CI 3.66–4.07). The most frequent age group was 15–44 years (2,234 patients, 41.2%); overall reductions per age group were 82% (0–14 years), 75% (15–44 years), 44% (45–64 years) and 63% (≥65 years), with statistically significant differences. The most frequently locations were the pleura (1,916 cases; 35.3%) and the lymph nodes (1,504; 27.7%).CONCLUSION: The incidence of EPTB in Galicia has decreased significantly in the last 20 years. The epidemiological characteristics have not changed, except for the number of patients with risk factors. This improvement of EPTB epidemiological trends coincides with the implementation of the programme for the prevention and control of TB, which suggests that it has been very effective in the control of the EPTB.

scholarly journals COVID-19 prevention and control measures: Emergency center of the University Clinical Center of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Vesna Mioljević ◽  
Marko Ercegovac ◽  
Pavle Gregorić ◽  
Dušan Jovanović ◽  
Goran Tulić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Emergency Center ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

In less than a year, humanity has managed to start a long and difficult battle against a virus, with a powerful weapon - the vaccine. In addition to vaccination, which is undoubtedly the most important measure in preventing COVID-19, our responsible behavior (wearing masks, hand hygiene, observing physical distance), especially in this period of an increase in the number of patients and the emergence of new strains, also remains an important measure in preventing and controlling the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, an overview of professional recommendations and instructions for the epidemiological surveillance of health care institutions is given. The study objective is to present the manner of organizing the epidemiological surveillance of the Epidemiology Department of the University Clinical Center of Serbia (UCCS) at the Emergency Center of the UCCS (EC-UCCS) as well as the application of measures to prevent and control COVID-19. To this end the method of the triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 in the Emergency Center of the UCCS has been shown. The Guidelines for the Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment in Healthcare Facilities Depending on the Activities Performed, as well as the Recommendations of the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (Atlanta, USA) have been presented. The Algorithm for the Procedures with Patients with Suspected and Proven COVID-19 Infection for Patients of the EC-UCCS has been formed. This Algorithm has been in use since March 1, 2020, in the EC-UCCS Admissions Service Triage Facility. In addition to this Algorithm, the screening of medical staff for SARS-CoV-2 has been performed by sampling nasopharyngeal and throat swabs (for PCR analysis and antigen tests) and blood (for serological analyses).

scholarly journals 2472. Point Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antibiotic Use in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S856-S856
Author(s):  
Sailesh Kumar. Shrestha ◽  
Swarup Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Teaching ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a growing threat to patient safety, particularly in resource-limited settings. Information on the burden of HAIs will help in surveillance and prevention efforts. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HAIs and antibiotics use in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional point prevalence survey in a 350 bedded acute care teaching hospital at Kathmandu, Nepal on April 2019 in a single day for every ward. We studied all the patients aged ≥ 18 years admitted for at least two calendar days on the day of the survey to collect data on patient characteristics, hospital stay, and invasive devices and antibiotics used. We evaluated for the three common HAIs – pneumonia, urinary tract infection and surgical site infection, active on the day of data collection using the clinical criteria by European Center for Disease Prevention and Control protocol version 5.3. We summarized continuous variables with median and interquartile range (IQR) and categorical variables with proportions. We reported the prevalence of HAIs as a proportion of the number of HAIs by the number of patients studied. Results Of 213 inpatients, 160 were eligible, 25 (15.6%) among them were from critical care units. The median age was 50 years (IQR 34–65). The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days (IQR 4–9). There were 18 HAIs for the prevalence of 11.25%. Urinary tract infection was the most common HAI (13 HAIs, 72.2% of all HAIs). We found invasive devices used in 42 patients (26.2%), the most common was urinary catheter (37 patients, 23.1%). The number of patients with any antibiotic used was 114 (71.25%) with 61 (38%) patients receiving two or more antibiotics. Third-generation Cephalosporins were the most common antibiotics (74, 64.9%) used. We found 91 (79.8%) patients being treated for community-acquired infections. Conclusion This study provides an estimate of the burden of HAIs in our center that is comparable to that of the reports from other resource-limited settings. However, we believe a higher burden will be revealed when we add microbiological criteria as well to diagnose HAIs. This highlights an urgent need for HAI surveillance system, infection prevention and control, and antibiotics stewardship programs in our center. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Assessment and forecasting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Changsha, China: Based on a SEIAR Dynamic Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Zha ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Guoqun Li ◽  
Weitong Li ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
First Case ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Fourth Order Method ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: A new human coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 emerged during December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Cases have been exported to other Chinese cities and abroad, which may cause the global outbreak. Chang Sha is the nearest provincial capital city to Wuhan, the first case of COVID-19 in Changsha was diagnosed on January 21, 2020. Estimating the transmissibility and forecasting the trend of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 under the prevention and control measures in Changsha could inform evidence based decisions to policy makers. Methods: Data were collected from the Health Commission of Changsha and Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A Susceptible-exposed-infections/ asymptomatic- removed (SEIAR) model was established to simulate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Changsha. Berkeley Madonna 8.3.18 were employed for the model simulation and prediction, while the curve fitting problem was solved by the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method, with a tolerance of 0.001. Results: In this study, we found that Rt was 2.05 from January 21 to 27 and reduced to 0.2 after January 27, 2020 in Changsha. The prediction results showed that when no obvious prevention and control measures were applied, the total number of patients in Changsha would reach the maximum (2.27 million) on the 79th day after the outbreak, and end in about 240 days; When measures have not been fully launched, the total number of patients would reach the maximum (1.60 million) on the 28th day after the outbreak, and end in about 110 days; When measures have been fully launched, the total number of patients would reach the maximum (234) on the 23rd day after the outbreak, and end in about 60 days. Conclusions: Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Changsha is in a controllable stage under current prevention and control measures, it is predicted that the cumulative patients would reach the maximum of 234 on February 12, and the outbreak would be over on 20 March in Changsha. With the fully implementation of prevention and control measures, it could effectively reduce the peak value, short the time to peak and duration of the outbreak.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangkai J. Cheng ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Ruixi Zeng ◽  
Lifeng Tian ◽  
Zhifeng Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Control ◽  
A Current ◽  
Control Management

Background: There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus COVID-19. The number of confirmed infected cases is rapidly increasing. Method: This paper analyzes the characteristics of COVID-19 in comparison with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and influenza. Diagnostic data for foreign citizens evacuated from Wuhan were collected and compiled. Current prevention and control strategies have been analyzed. Results: COVID-19 is similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV virologically and etiologically, but similar to influenza in epidemiology and virulence. The prevalence rate in Wuhan was inferred to be close to 1%. The comparison provides a new perspective for the future of the disease, and offers some advice in the prevention and control management strategy. Conclusion: The large number of patients and the strong occult nature are two big problems, making the virus difficult to eradicate. We need to contemplate the possibility of long-term co-existence with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation subjects in Beijing communities were isolated at home during the COVID-19 pandemic-—Study on the influence of smoking behaviour and willingness to quit smoking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianying Jin ◽  
Kun Qiao ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
Hanqiao Ma ◽  
Xinyuan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
One To One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: To understand the situation about quarantine of smoking cessation participants in Beijing communities during the period of COVID-19, and to explore this pandemic’s impacts on people’s smoking behaviours, relapse thoughts, and willingness to quit smoking among quitters, to provide information and guidance on quit smoking during the normalised period of epidemic prevention and control. Methods: Before the coronavirus outbreak, one-to-one interviews were used, and during the epidemic period, one-to-one question-and-answer telephone surveys were used. The contents of the survey included the hours of staying at home, psychological and emotional state, tobacco use, and willingness to quit smoking. This study adopted a 1:1 propensity score matching method, with education level, whether to take smoking cessation drugs, and whether to participate in regular follow-ups as matching conditions to control the mixed influence of the content of smoking cessation intervention services on the analysis results before the pandemic. After matching, the chi-square statistics, Fisher exact probability method, and the Spearman rank correlation test were used to analyse factors such as changes in smoking behaviour, hours of staying at home, and mental states.Results: A total of 197 pairs were successfully matched, of which 197 cases had successfully quit smoking before the epidemic, and 197 cases had not completely quit smoking. The changes in smoking volume before and during the epidemic of the incomplete quitters were affected by anxiety, calmness, mental and emotional states similar to usual, other reasons for smoking such as addiction and habits, and their willingness to quit during the epidemic (all P<0.05). The changes in daily smoking volume before and after the epidemic among the ex-smokers were statistically significant in the distribution of relapse thoughts, anxiety, depression, and other reasons for smoking, such as depression and boredom, idle pastimes, addiction and habits(P<0.05). Among the people who did not completely quit smoking before the epidemic, the idea of ​​relapse was affected by depression, calm mental and emotional state, reasons for smoking that relieve boredom and leisure, and the willingness to quit smoking during the epidemic (P<0.05). And there is a negative correlation between the willingness to quit smoking during the epidemic and the time at home each day(rs =-0.237, P<0.05).Conclusions: During the COVID-19, the time at home of the test patients who quit smoking has a certain influence on their willingness to quit smoking. The psychological and emotional changes and idleness at home have a greater impact on the changes in their smoking behaviour and relapse thoughts. It is recommended that family members provide more support and encourage and supervise to help smokers reduce smoking. In the period of normalization of epidemic prevention and control, the smoking cessation services provided should guide the quitters on smoking cessation behavioural therapy, as well as guidance on the relief of negative emotions, and help quitters to break the relationship between existing smoking habits, negative emotions, and environmental temptation situations.Trial registration: The study was registered on the official website of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on August 6, 2019, with the registration number ChiCTR1900024991.

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