220 Sleep schedule changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relations to circadian preferences

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly altered individual lifestyles, reducing commutes and restricting nocturnal in-person socialization. We examine whether the stay-at-home orders and the attendant increase in sleep scheduling autonomy, impact bedtimes and waketimes and influence circadian preference alignment. Methods We compared bedtimes and wake times during the 4 weeks before and after a March 19th, 2020 stay-at-home order announcement. Data from the PSG-validated SleepScore Mobile Application were analyzed. Users answering a circadian preference question (a five-point Likert scale ranging from “definitely a morning person” to “definitely an evening person”) who also recorded 10 or more nights of sleep both before and after the March 19th announcement were included in the analysis. The data set included 69,656 total nights of sleep from 1,487 users: 51.0% female, age range 18 to 91 years (mean = 50.3 +/- 30.3). Differences in average bedtime and wake time before and after March 19th were compared using paired sample t-tests. Associations between circadian preference and changes in bedtime and wake time were examined using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results All five circadian preference groups showed a significant delay in both bedtime and wake time (p < .01) after the March 19th announcement. Greatest delays were observed in those reporting the strongest eveningness preference, with median bedtimes being 17 minutes later and wake times 33 minutes later. Delays were smallest in users with the strongest morningness preference, with bedtimes being 7 minutes later and wake times 12 minutes later. Wake time delay was significantly greater than bedtime delay for evening types (p < 0.001) but not morning types. Eveningness preference was associated with greater bedtime delay (Spearman correlation = 0.098, p <0.001) and wake time delay (Spearman correlation= 0.178, p < 0.000001). Conclusion The stay-at-home order provided many individuals more freedom to choose their sleep schedule. This increased sleep scheduling autonomy was associated with delayed bedtimes and wake times for each circadian preference group, with the evening-types exhibiting the greatest shift towards a later sleep schedule. We conclude that stay-at-home orders allowed evening types to choose sleep schedules more aligned with their natural tendencies. Support (if any):

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Study the Relationship Between Estrogen Hormone and Calcium in Normal Females Before and After Menopause in Baghdad / Iraq

Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences ◽

10.32441/kjps.v2i1.152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sameerah Mustafa ◽

Asal Tawfeeq ◽

Hadeel Hasan

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Age Range

This study involved the collection of (90) samples of women serum which included (30) serum samples collected from women before menopause (reproductive women) in the age range of (22-43) years and were considered as (group A- control). While, (group B) included (30) serum samples collected from women using oral contraceptive pills between the ages of (22-43) years old. Whereas, another (30) serum samples were collected from women after menopause between the ages of (43-54) years and were considered as (group C). All of the collected serum samples were subjected to a number of serological and chemical tests for the measurement of (E2, HDL, LDL and Ca). Then, the obtained data were statistical analyzed and results showed a significant decrease (p˂ 0.05) in (E2 ,Ca and HDL) levels in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls. While, there were non-significant decrease (p> 0.05) in (E2, Ca and HDL) levels in women taking oral contraceptive when compared to the normal healthy controls. On the other hand, a significant increase (p˂ 0.05) was recorded in LDL level in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls whereas, no-significant increase (p˃ 0.05) in the LDL level in women taking oral contraceptives when compared to the control women.

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Dynamic Relationship between Crude Oil and Stock Prices in India: Before And After the Subprime Financial Crisis 2008

GIS Business ◽

10.26643/gis.v14i6.11683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 96-104

Author(s):

P. Sakthivel ◽

S. Rajaswaminathan ◽

R. Renuka ◽

N. R.Vembu

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Stock Prices ◽

Oil Prices ◽

Energy Index ◽

Data Set ◽

Dynamic Relationship ◽

Crude Oil Prices ◽

Long Run ◽

Before And After

This paper empirically discovered the inter-linkages between stock and crude oil prices before and after the subprime financial crisis 2008 by using Johansan co-integration and Granger causality techniques to explore both long and short- run relationships. The whole data set of Nifty index, Nifty energy index, BSE Sensex, BSE energy index and oil prices are divided into two periods; before crisis (from February 15, 2005 to December31, 2007) and after crisis (from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2018) are collected and analyzed. The results discovered that there is one-way causal relationship from crude oil prices to Nifty index, Nifty energy index, BSE Sensex and BSE energy index but not other way around in both periods. However, a bidirectional causality relationship between BSE Energy index and crude oil prices during post subprime financial crisis 2008. The co-integration results suggested that the absence of long run relationship between crude oil prices and market indices of BSE Sensex, BSE energy index, Nifty index and Nifty energy index before and after subprime financial crisis 2008.

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Styles of Representation in Constituencies in the Homeland and Abroad: The Case of Italy

Parliamentary Affairs ◽

10.1093/pa/gsaa063 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eva Østergaard-Nielsen ◽

Stefano Camatarri

Keyword(s):

Original Data ◽

Role Orientation ◽

International Mobility ◽

Data Set ◽

Democratic Representation ◽

Public Debates ◽

At Home

Abstract The role orientation of political representatives and candidates is a longstanding concern in studies of democratic representation. The growing trend in countries to allow citizens abroad to candidate in homeland elections from afar provides an interesting opportunity for understanding how international mobility and context influences ideas of representation among these emigrant candidates. In public debates, emigrant candidates are often portrayed as delegates of the emigrant constituencies. However, drawing on the paradigmatic case of Italy and an original data set comprising emigrant candidates, we show that the perceptions of styles of representation abroad are more complex. Systemic differences between electoral districts at home and abroad are relevant for explaining why and how candidates develop a trustee or delegate orientation.

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Acquiring variable commands at home and abroad: Examining optatives and imperatives in L1 and L2 Spanish

Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics ◽

10.1515/shll-2020-2025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 79-113

Author(s):

Farrah Neumann ◽

Matthew Kanwit

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Second Language Acquisition ◽

Study Abroad ◽

Language Teaching ◽

Applied Linguistics ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After ◽

The Individual ◽

At Home

AbstractSince many linguistic structures are variable (i. e. conveyed by multiple forms), building a second-language grammar critically involves developing sociolinguistic competence (Canale and Swain. 1980. Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics 1(1). 1–47), including knowledge of contexts in which to use one form over another (Bayley and Langman. 2004. Variation in the group and the individual: Evidence from second language acquisition. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 42(4). 303–318). Consequently, researchers interested in such competence have increasingly analyzed the study-abroad context to gauge learners’ ability to approximate local norms following a stay abroad, due to the quality and quantity of input to which learners may gain access (Lafford. 2006. The effects of study abroad vs. classroom contexts on Spanish SLA: Old assumptions, new insights and future research directions. In Carol Klee & Timothy Face (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 7th conference on the acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as first and second languages, 1–25. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project). Nevertheless, the present study is the first to examine native or learner variation between imperative (e. g. ven ‘come’) and optative Spanish commands (e. g. que vengas ‘come’). We first performed a corpus analysis to determine the linguistic factors to manipulate in a contextualized task, which elicited commands from learners before and after four weeks abroad in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. Their overall rates of selection and predictive factors were compared to local native speakers (NSs) and a control group of at-home learners.Results revealed that the abroad learners more closely approached NS rates of selection following the stay abroad. Nonetheless, for both learner groups conditioning by independent variables only partially approximated the NS system, which was more complex than previously suggested.

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Visual Analysis of Biomarkers Reveals Differences in Lipid Profiles and Liver Enzymes before and after Gastric Sleeve and Bypass

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000510401 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Marijn Marthe Georgine van Berckel ◽

Saskia L.M. van Loon ◽

Arjen-Kars Boer ◽

Volkher Scharnhorst ◽

Simon W. Nienhuijs

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Visual Analytics ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Large Population ◽

High Volume ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Health State ◽

Data Set ◽

Before And After

Introduction: Bariatric surgery results in both intentional and unintentional metabolic changes. In a high-volume bariatric center, extensive laboratory panels are used to monitor these changes pre- and postoperatively. Consecutive measurements of relevant biochemical markers allow exploration of the health state of bariatric patients and comparison of different patient groups. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare biomarker distributions over time between 2 common bariatric procedures, i.e., sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric bypass (RYGB), using visual analytics. Methods: Both pre- and postsurgical (6, 12, and 24 months) data of all patients who underwent primary bariatric surgery were collected retrospectively. The distribution and evolution of different biochemical markers were compared before and after surgery using asymmetric beanplots in order to evaluate the effect of primary SG and RYGB. A beanplot is an alternative to the boxplot that allows an easy and thorough visual comparison of univariate data. Results: In total, 1,237 patients (659 SG and 578 RYGB) were included. The sleeve and bypass groups were comparable in terms of age and the prevalence of comorbidities. The mean presurgical BMI and the percentage of males were higher in the sleeve group. The effect of surgery on lowering of glycated hemoglobin was similar for both surgery types. After RYGB surgery, the decrease in the cholesterol concentration was larger than after SG. The enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphate in sleeve patients was higher presurgically but lower postsurgically compared to bypass values. Conclusions: Beanplots allow intuitive visualization of population distributions. Analysis of this large population-based data set using beanplots suggests comparable efficacies of both types of surgery in reducing diabetes. RYGB surgery reduced dyslipidemia more effectively than SG. The trend toward a larger decrease in liver enzyme activities following SG is a subject for further investigation.

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352 Feasibility of Hypnosis as Adjunctive Treatment for Subjective Sleep Disturbance: A Pilot Study and Proof of Concept

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A140-A141

Author(s):

Emma Zhao ◽

Afik Faerman ◽

David Spiegel

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Self Report ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Data Set ◽

Sleep Complaints ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

Before And After

Abstract Introduction Hypnosis-based interventions have been shown to have a positive impact on several dimensions of sleep health. However, current evidence is limited as only a paucity of studies included populations with sleep complaints. Here we present a pilot data set to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a hypnosis-based adjunctive treatment for subjective sleep complaints. Methods Eleven adults (42% female; mean age 45±16.87 years) who sought treatment at the Stanford Sleep Medicine Center or Center for Integrative Medicine for subjective sleep complaints received hypnosis as adjunctive treatment. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the weekly frequency of subjective sleep disturbances experienced before and after treatment, as well as 5-point Likert scale ratings of perceived qualitative improvement in symptom severity and overall sleep quality. Results Five participants (45%) reported a reduction in symptom frequency and severity after hypnosis treatment. All five participants attributed at least some of the improvement to hypnosis treatment. Most participants (63%) observed post-treatment improvements in their overall sleep quality. No participants reported adverse effects of hypnosis. Conclusion Results suggest hypnosis-based adjunctive treatment may be effective for alleviating subjective sleep disturbances. The findings serve as preliminary support for further randomly controlled trials in larger samples. Support (if any):

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Image of Self, Schoolmates, Parents, and Adults among Wolof Adolescents

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1982.50.3.707 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 707-714

Author(s):

Michel Vandewiele

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Physical Appearance ◽

School Students ◽

Perception Of Self ◽

Age Range ◽

At Home

This study investigated 695 Wolof secondary school students' (176 girls, 519 boys, age range from 17 to 20 yr.) perception of self, family, comrades and adults in general by a questionnaire. (a) Subjects were twice less worried about their physical appearance than about their psychological makeup. (b) Subjects' criticisms were levelled mainly at adults in general and less at themselves. (c) There was a greater concern for the family's poverty and a preference for perfect harmony at home. (d) Kindness was the most appreciated quality in comrades. (e) Concerning adults, opinion was evenly divided. Some appreciate their advice and kindness, others hate their vices and intolerance; however, when requested to choose between a status of adolescence or of adulthood, subjects anticipated fear of the heavy responsibilities of adults often coupled with a thirst for independence, a desire to keep up their families, and have their own families as well.

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Computed Tomography and Bronchoscopy in Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2003/496296 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 445-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Halil Yanardag ◽

Cüneyt Tetikkurt ◽

Seza Tetikkurt ◽

Sabriye Demirci ◽

Tuncer Karayel

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Before And After ◽

Endobronchial Tuberculosis ◽

Age Range

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic response to endobronchial tuberculosis is usually evaluated by bronchoscopy. Currently, there are no published studies investigating the use of computed tomography for the evaluation of therapeutic response in endobronchial tuberculosis.OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the bronchoscopic and computed tomographic features of endobronchial tuberculosis before and after treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of computed tomography for the assessment of treatment.METHODS: The clinical, pathological and bronchoscopic features of endobronchial tuberculosis were evaluated in 55 patients. The age range of the patients was 21 to 52 years. Computed tomography and bronchoscopy were performed before and after treatment.RESULTS: Diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by culture and histopathological examination. Bronchoscopic examination revealed 89 endobronchial lesions of various types in 55 patients. The exudative type was the most common. Follow-up bronchoscopy revealed that exudative-, ulcerative- and granular-type lesions healed completely. Computed tomography performed after treatment correlated well with the follow-up bronchoscopic findings.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that follow-up computed tomography is useful for the evaluation of therapeutic response and complications associated with endobronchial tuberculosis, and may replace bronchoscopy.

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On the Spectral and Polarimetric Signatures of a Bright Scatterer before and after Hardware Replacement

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13050919 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 919

Author(s):

Marco Gabella

Keyword(s):

Low Noise ◽

Low Noise Amplifiers ◽

Doppler Velocity ◽

Data Set ◽

Differential Phase Shift ◽

Spectral Signatures ◽

Average Value ◽

Before And After ◽

Radar Calibration ◽

Small Dispersion

A previous study has used the stable and peculiar echoes backscattered by a single “bright scatterer” (BS) during five winter days to characterize the hardware of C-band, the dual-polarization radar located at Monte Lema (1625 m altitude) in Southern Switzerland. The BS is the 90 m tall metallic tower on Cimetta (1633 m altitude, 18 km range). In this note, the statistics of the echoes from the BS were derived from other ten dry days with normal propagation conditions in winter 2015 and January 2019. The study confirms that spectral signatures, such as spectrum width, wideband noise and Doppler velocity, were persistently stable. Regarding the polarimetric signatures, the large values (with small dispersion) of the copolar correlation coefficient between horizontal and vertical polarization were also confirmed: the average value was 0.9961 (0.9982) in winter 2015 (January 2019); the daily standard deviations were very small, ranging from 0.0007 to 0.0030. The dispersion of the differential phase shift was also confirmed to be quite small: the daily standard deviation ranged from a minimum of 2.5° to a maximum of 5.3°. Radar reflectivities in both polarizations were typically around 80 dBz and were confirmed to be among the largest values observed in the surveillance volume of the Monte Lema radar. Finally, another recent 5-day data set from January 2020 was analyzed after the replacement of the radar calibration unit that includes low noise amplifiers: these five days show poorer characteristics of the polarimetric signatures and a few outliers affecting the spectral signatures. It was shown that the “historical” polarimetric and spectral signatures of a bright scatterer could represent a benchmark for an in-depth comparison after hardware replacements.

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A report on an acute, in-hours, outpatient review clinic with ultrasonography facilities for the early evaluation of general surgical patients

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England ◽

10.1308/rcsann.2016.0164 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

pp. 468-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

TE Pidgeon ◽

U Shariff ◽

F Devine ◽

V Menon

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Clinic Attendance ◽

Early Evaluation ◽

Admission Rates ◽

Before And After ◽

Age Range ◽

Surgical Clinic

Introduction In 2013 our hospital introduced an in-hours, consultant-led, outpatient acute surgical clinic (ASC) for emergency general surgical patients. In 2014 this clinic was equipped with a dedicated ultrasonography service. This prospective cohort study evaluated this service before and after the introduction of ultrasonography facilities. Methods Data were recorded prospectively for all patients attending the clinic during 2013 and 2014. The primary outcome was patient destination (whether there was follow-up/admission) after clinic attendance. Results The ASC reviewed patients with a wide age range and array of general surgical complaints. In 2013, 186 patients attended the ASC. After the introduction of the ultrasonography service in 2014, 304 patients attended. In 2014, there was a reduction in the proportion of patients admitted to hospital from the clinic (18.3% vs 8.9%, p=0.002). However, the proportion of patients discharged after ASC review remained comparable with 2013 (30.1% in 2013 vs 38.8% in 2014, p=0.051). The proportion of patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scans also fell (14.0% vs 4.9%, p<0.001). Conclusions The ASC assessed a wide array of general surgical complaints. Only a small proportion required hospital admission. The introduction of an ultrasonography service was associated with a further reduction in admission rates and computed tomography.

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