scholarly journals Blood lactate and rectal temperature can predict exit velocity of beef feedlot steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1530-1542
Author(s):  
Andrew F Williams ◽  
Jane A Boles ◽  
Melissa R Herrygers ◽  
James G Berardinelli ◽  
Michael C Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Exit Velocity ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Abstract: Interest in beef cattle temperament has increased due to growing consumer awareness of animal welfare and increased concern for handler safety. Temperament measures are based on behavioral responses to a perceived stressor. Subjective chute scoring has been used to give a numeric value to temperament; however, the subjectivity and variability among observers have been questioned. To deal with the perceived subjectivity and variability, other researchers have used exit velocity. Researchers have related faster exit velocities to increased cortisol and plasma lactate. The objectives of this study were to compare temperament between feedlot steers and heifers and to confirm chute side measures of temperament relationship to physiological responses to stress. Body temperature, blood and plasma lactate, serum glucose, salivary and serum cortisol concentrations were measured on Bos taurus commercial crossbred feedlot cattle (n = 197). Fast, medium, and slow classifications were developed from exit velocities. Plasma lactate was significantly different between all exit velocity classes. Exit velocity and physiological measures indicated that heifers were more excitable (faster exit velocities (P = 0.003), higher plasma lactate concentrations (P = 0.03), and cortisol concentrations (P = 0.001)). Simple correlations among these variables indicated body temperature (heifers r = 0.44, P < 0.0001; steers r = 0.45, P < .0001), plasma lactate (heifers r = 0.52, P < 0.0001; steers r = 0.63, P < 0.0001), blood lactate (heifers r = 0.53, P < 0.001; steers r = 0.59, P < 0.001), and glucose (heifers r = 0.54, P < 0.001; steers r = 0.32, P <0.003) were all related to exit velocity. Cortisol measures were not correlated to exit velocity in steers but were in heifers. Linear models constructed and evaluated using the Akaike information criterion indicated that blood lactate in combination with rectal temperature were strong candidates to predict exit velocity. Using the discriminate function analysis, the model correctly categorized fast and slow classifications 69.23% and 61.54%, respectively, indicating that in combination measures of body temperature and blood lactate can potentially increase accuracy of temperament identification or replace exit velocity as a measure of temperament. The plasma lactate and rectal temperature have the potential to become strong objective measures to augment or replace exit velocity.

scholarly journals 18 Comparing stress indicators of horses used for therapy in riding activities and groundwork activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Abbott ◽  
Kathi Jogan ◽  
Erin L Oberhaus ◽  
Jason Apple ◽  
Charles Rosenkrans
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Experimental Time

Abstract Equine therapy is used to assist people suffering from various physical and mental disabilities. Equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) include therapeutic riding and hippotherapy. Our objective was to determine the effects of EAAT on horse heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and serum cortisol. Horses (n = 7) were assigned to activity type (groundwork or riding) in a Latin square design in which all horses performed both activities twice. Heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and serum cortisol concentrations were determined at 15 minutes before, and 15, 45, and 75 minutes after activity was initiated. Pearson correlations revealed that cortisol was not correlated (r < 0.12; P > 0.22) with heart rate, respiration rate, or rectal temperature. Heart rate was correlated (P < 0.05) with respiration rate (r = 0.77) and body temperature (r = 0.2); and body temperature was correlated with respiration rate (r = 0.21; P < 0.05). Analysis of variance was performed with horse within date as the experimental unit, main effects of activity type, horse, date, experimental time, and interactions. Serum concentrations of cortisol (varied from 2.8 to 89.7 ng/mL) and body temperature (37.4 ± 0.06) were affected (P < 0.01) by an interaction between experimental time and horse. Heart rate (61 ± 2.1) and respiration rate (30 ± 1.4) were affected (P < 0.01) by interactions between experimental time and horse; and experimental time and activity type. Our results demonstrate that equine athletes serving in EAAT programs have altered physiological responses depending on the horse, type of activity, and length of time performing the task. Based on our results, cortisol concentrations are not the best indicator of a horse’s response to EAAT work, and we recommend that trainers monitor horses’ heart and respiration rates as an indicator of horse well-being while working with patients.

scholarly journals PSXI-19 Investigating the Relationship Between Temperament and Performance Traits in Feedlot Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 383-384
Author(s):  
Jesse Bouffiou ◽  
Jane A Boles ◽  
Jennifer M Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Exit Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Temperament in cattle, is defined as behavioral changes in response to humans or changes in the environment, and has been associated with reduced feed efficiency, reduced growth rate, and poor feedlot health. The objective of the study was to determine if temperament affected the performance, growth and health of feedlot cattle. One-hundred and thirty-one Angus x Simmental steers from a single ranch were sampled at a commercial feedlot in Chappell, NE. Blood samples for metabolite analysis, exit velocity, and blood lactate concentration for temperament classification were collected in addition to feedlot performance data and carcass quality measurements. The GLM and LSM procedures of SAS (SAS 9.4, 2014) were used to evaluate differences between temperament classifications. Pearson correlations were calculated between temperament and performance variables. Steers were divided into three exit velocity classifications, with fast animals (n = 27) having exit velocity greater than one standard deviation from the mean and slow animals (n = 26) having exit velocities lower than one standard deviation from the mean. Feed intake and behavior was monitored for 42 days with GrowSafe feed bunks and average daily gain, dry matter intake and residual feed intake calculated. There were significant differences between the temperament classifications of fast, medium and slow for both exit velocity and blood lactate (P < 0.0001), indicating there was a difference in responses from the classifications. Exit velocity had no effect on any of the growth parameters measured. There was a significant positive correlation between exit velocity and blood lactate (P < 0.0001). RFI was significantly correlated with exit velocity (P = 0. 051) and blood lactate (P < 0.05). This suggests that animals with higher RFI or less efficient animals had more flighty temperaments as determined by blood lactate and exit velocity.

scholarly journals 19 Comparing stress indicators of horses used for therapy in riding activities and groundwork activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Abbott ◽  
Kathi Jogan ◽  
Erin L Oberhaus ◽  
Jason Apple ◽  
Charles Rosenkrans
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Experimental Time

Abstract Equine therapy is used to assist people suffering from various physical and mental disabilities. Equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) include therapeutic riding and hippotherapy. Our objective was to determine the effects of EAAT on horse heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and serum cortisol. Horses (n = 7) were assigned to activity type (groundwork or riding) in a Latin square design in which all horses performed both activities twice. Heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and serum cortisol concentrations were determined at 15 minutes before, and 15, 45, and 75 minutes after activity was initiated. Pearson correlations revealed that cortisol was not correlated (r < 0.12; P > 0.22) with heart rate, respiration rate, or rectal temperature. Heart rate was correlated (P < 0.05) with respiration rate (r = 0.77) and body temperature (r = 0.2); and body temperature was correlated with respiration rate (r = 0.21; P < 0.05). Analysis of variance was performed with horse within date as the experimental unit, main effects of activity type, horse, date, experimental time, and interactions. Serum concentrations of cortisol (varied from 2.8 to 89.7 ng/mL) and body temperature (37.4 ± 0.06) were affected (P < 0.01) by an interaction between experimental time and horse. Heart rate (61 ± 2.1) and respiration rate (30 ± 1.4) were affected (P < 0.01) by interactions between experimental time and horse; and experimental time and activity type. Our results demonstrate that equine athletes serving in EAAT programs have altered physiological responses depending on the horse, type of activity, and length of time performing the task. Based on our results, cortisol concentrations are not the best indicator of a horse’s response to EAAT work, and we recommend that trainers monitor horses’ heart and respiration rates as an indicator of horse well-being while working with patients.

ADAPTATION OF WHITE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) TO REPEATED COOLING

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Progressive Decrease

The effects, on the body temperature of white mice, of repeated short exposures to cold were investigated using two methods of restraint. Animals held in a flattened posture became hypothermic at room temperature, cooled more than five times as fast at −10 °C as mice that could adopt a heat-conserving posture, and continued to cool for some time after they were removed from the cold. With repeated tests, cooling at room temperature decreased, and an improvement in re warming ability was observed. In addition, with lightly restrained mice, the fall in rectal temperature during cold exposure showed a progressive decrease, a phenomenon not observed with severely restrained animals.

scholarly journals Human thermoregulatory responses during serial cold-water immersions

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Castellani ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
Michael N. Sawka ◽  
Kent B. Pandolf
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Repeat Trial ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Made In

This study examined whether serial cold-water immersions over a 10-h period would lead to fatigue of shivering and vasoconstriction. Eight men were immersed (2 h) in 20°C water three times (0700, 1100, and 1500) in 1 day (Repeat). This trial was compared with single immersions (Control) conducted at the same times of day. Before Repeat exposures at 1100 and 1500, rewarming was employed to standardize initial rectal temperature. The following observations were made in the Repeat relative to the Control trial: 1) rectal temperature was lower and heat debt was higher ( P < 0.05) at 1100; 2) metabolic heat production was lower ( P < 0.05) at 1100 and 1500; 3) subjects perceived the Repeat trial as warmer at 1100. These data suggest that repeated cold exposures may impair the ability to maintain normal body temperature because of a blunting of metabolic heat production, perhaps reflecting a fatigue mechanism. An alternative explanation is that shivering habituation develops rapidly during serially repeated cold exposures.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid and body temperature in man, following a standardized meal

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Tesleem K Babalola ◽  
Udoh Utibe Abasi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After

Background: The effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid level and body temperature following a standardized meal were carried out on 20 healthy young individuals (aged between 18 and 29 yrs.), consisting of 10 males and 10 females. The physical fitness of the subjects was determined measuring their blood pressure, pulse rate and other physical examinations.Methodology: Each subject was made to ride the bicycle ergometer for 6mins, at a rhythmic cadence of 50revolution/ min via 100beats metronome counts. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise to analyze for the pre and post exercise plasma lactate levels. Pre and post-exercise values for body temperature were also measured. Statistical tests were carried out at 95% CI (P=0.05).Result: The result obtained showed that exercise causes a statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) in both plasma lactate concentration (from a pre-exercise mean value of 0.98 ±0.07mmol/L to post- exercise mean value of 2.84 ±0.21mmol/L) and body temperature (from a mean value of 36.45 ±0.130C before exercise to a mean value of 36.91 ±0.190C after exercise).Conclusion: There was a statistically significant increase in plasma lactateand body temperature because of exposure to exercise which is in line with findings from most previous studies.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.270-274

scholarly journals Infrared thermography to assess thermoregulatory reactions of buffaloes supplemented with antioxidant and dense energy source in summer season

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
YALLAPPA M. SOMAGOND ◽  
S. V. SINGH ◽  
ADITYA DESHPANDE ◽  
PARVENDER SHEORAN ◽  
V. P. CHAHAL
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Region Temperature ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Lower Magnitude

Twenty-four lactating buffaloes were chosen and subsequently divided into 4 groups i.e. group-I (control), group-II (supplemented astaxanthin at 0.25 mg kg-1 BW/day), group-III (prill fat at 100 g day-1), and group-IV (combination). Surface body temperature at different anatomical regions of buffaloes was recorded using infrared thermography (IRT), rectal temperature using a digital thermometer, and cortisol hormone by ELISA kit at the fortnightly interval. Forehead region temperature showed a higher correlation (0.390) with THI compared to other anatomical regions. The change in surface body temperature was positively correlated with THI and cortisol levels. The increase in the IRT temperature at different anatomical sites of buffaloes was at a lower magnitude in treatment groups compared to the control group. Udder surface temperature was higher in peak lactation and high producing buffaloes. Forehead region temperature showed a close relationship with rectal temperature and cortisol levels of buffaloes. According to the research findings, astaxanthin and prill fat can be used in ameliorating heat stress. Infrared thermography (non-invasive method) of the forehead and udder can be used as indicators for measuring the heat stress and production levels of buffaloes, respectively.

scholarly journals 389 Interactions between zinc, copper, and growth promoting technologies in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Olivia N Genther-Schroeder ◽  
Remy N Carmichael ◽  
Elizabeth M Messersmith ◽  
Katherine Hochmuth ◽  
Elisabeth Lonergan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Anabolic Implants

Abstract Trace minerals (TM) are required for many biochemical processes and support optimal animal growth. However, as animal genetics and feed technologies in the beef industry have advanced, our understanding of the TM requirements of modern cattle has lagged. Recently, Zn and Cu have emerged as potential targets for better understanding the interaction between nutrition and growth-promoting technologies like anabolic implants and β-agonists (BA). Both Zn and Cu are phosphodiesterase inhibitors, potentially maintaining cAMP concentrations, potentiating the BA signal. Zinc supplementation well above national recommendations can improve ADG or HCW in finishing cattle during the BA feeding period, and N retention is increased by both Zn and BA supplementation, suggesting a major role for Zn is in protein accretion. Interestingly, Cu status of feedlot steers appears to affect ADG during the BA period, where steers with moderate liver Cu and 10 mg Cu/kg diet DM gaining more than steers with high or low Cu status. Anabolic implants likely improve growth through altering protein deposition, degradation and satellite cell proliferation, processes that can be linked to Cu and Zn metalloproteins. Implanting cattle decreases both plasma and liver Zn, and heifers receiving a long-lasting implant had greater HCW when supplemented with 100 mg Zn/kg DM when compared with 30 mg Zn/kg DM. It is apparent Cu status and supplementation also affect the response to hormone implants. Steers supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM had greater liver Cu concentrations and a lesser response to an implant than steers supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM. Current state of knowledge suggests TM status and diet concentrations can impact the response to growth promoting technologies. Much remains to be learned about cattle requirements for dietary TM, and the appropriate TM concentrations to optimize feedlot cattle performance.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE THERMAL STATE OF ATHLETES IN NATURAL HOT CLIMATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 896-899
Author(s):  
S. M. Rasinkin ◽  
Viktoriya V. Petrova ◽  
M. M. Bogomolova ◽  
E. P. Gorbaneva ◽  
A. G. Kamchatnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Average Body

The article presents results of a study of the thermal stability in athletes during specific activities in hot climate. This happened on a training camp at the sports center, located in the district Sredneakhtubinsky of the Volgograd region with the registration of climate indices. The study was conducted in July at an effective temperature +44,6° - +45,4°C. The study involved 6 athletes, representatives of athletics, sports category on the following candidate for master of sports. During the endurance, training (cross) in athletes showed a significant increase in the rectal temperature (RT), average skin temperature (AST), average body temperature (ABT) against the background of the gain in the heart rate. During the training as "repeated cuts", the increase in indices of the thermal state in athletes also persisted, but their values were significantly lower than on the cross. The comparison of the dynamics of indices of the thermal state with the level of sports skills of each athlete showed the following features: the smallest gain in the rectal temperature, average skin temperature and average body temperature observed in cross-country race was observed in sportsman, whose level of training coach the evaluated as a minimal in the group. The highest gain in indices of the thermal state at the cross happened in the athlete with an average fitness level. Optimal gain in such indices as RT, AST and ABT was observed in the most prepared athlete. There was revealed a high level of adaptationness of athletes to the exposure to high temperatures. This is confirmed by the data of the evaluation of dynamics of subjective evaluation of warmth sense modality in athletes during the study period.

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