Inapparent dengue virus infection among students in Mandalay, Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Kyaw Kyaw ◽  
Mya Myat Ngwe Tun ◽  
Shine Thura Naing ◽  
Thida ◽  
Thein Thein Htwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundA school- and laboratory-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to find out the burden of inapparent dengue virus (DENV) infection in Mandalay where DENV is endemic and there is circulation of all four DENV serotypes.MethodsA total of 420 students who had no history of fever and visited the hospital within 6 months were recruited from three monastic schools. Serum samples were collected and the DENV genome was checked by conventional one-step RT-PCR and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies were determined. Inapparent dengue (DEN) infection is defined as individuals who were either RT-PCR-positive or anti-DENV IgM-positive with no clinical manifestations or mild symptoms, and which are not linked to a visit to a healthcare provider.ResultsAmong 420 students, 38 students (9.0%, 95% CI, 6.4 to 12.2) were confirmed as recent inapparent DEN infection. The DENV serotype-1 was detected in six students. Thirty-one out of 38 (81.6%) laboratory-confirmed inapparent DEN-infected students had primary infections and seven (18.4%) had secondary infections.ConclusionThis study explored the prevalence of inapparent DEN infection rate in urban monastic schools in Mandalay and showed that the rate of primary infection among inapparent DENV-infected children was high.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence 0f Dengue Virus Infection in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
B P Gupta ◽  
S K Mishra ◽  
K D Manandhar ◽  
R Malla ◽  
C S Tamarakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
History Of

Dengue Virus infection is an emerging mosquito-borne disease. It is a global health problem and its expanding endemicity towards new territories is a serious concern. Relatively a new disease in Nepalese context, dengue abruptly appeared as massive outbreak in 2010, merely four years after its first introduction. It is a nagging public health problem in the low lands of Terai, expanding to new areas of Nepal in recent years.  A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine anti-Dengue IgM positive rate in Lumbini, Dhading and Chitwan district. The study was carried from June 2012 to November 2012. The total number of Serum samples was collected from 275 patients visiting hospitals with history of fever, headache and suspected DF. The samples were examined by ELISA. The anti-Dengue IgM positivity was found to be 29.09 %. The positive rate was highest in Dhading (70.37%) followed by Bharatpur (37.6%) and Lumbini (11.38%). The Dengue positive cases were higher in males (32.5 %) than female (24.8 %). The highest positive cases (41.6%) were from age group less than 15 years. Dengue has substantial expansion in Western and Far Western Terai region of Nepal which was limited to the middle Terai region in the past and mostly infects older people.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9135  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 224-227

scholarly journals Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Rapid Detection of Dengue Virus (DENV) NS1 and Differentiation of DENV Serotypes during Early Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Szu-Chia Lai ◽  
Yu-Yine Huang ◽  
Pei-Yun Shu ◽  
Shu-Fen Chang ◽  
Po-Shiuan Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Denv Serotypes

ABSTRACTDengue fever, caused by infections with the dengue virus (DENV), affects nearly 400 million people globally every year. Early diagnosis and management can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of severe forms of dengue disease as well as decrease the risk of wider outbreaks. Although the early diagnosis of dengue can be achieved using a number of commercial NS1 detection kits, none of these can differentiate among the four dengue virus serotypes. In this study, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of dengue virus (DENV) NS1 by pairing a serotype-cross-reactive monoclonal antibody (MAb) with one of four serotype-specific MAbs in order to facilitate the rapid detection of NS1 antigens and the simultaneous differentiation of DENV serotypes. A total of 146 serum samples obtained from patients suspected to be in the acute phase of DENV infection were used to evaluate the clinical application of our novel test for the detection and serotyping of DENV. The overall sensitivity rate of our test was 84.85%, and the sensitivity rates for serotyping were as follows: 88.2% (15/17) for DENV serotype 1 (DENV1), 94.7% (18/19) for DENV2, 75% (12/16) for DENV3, and 66.6% (6/9) for DENV4. Moreover, there was no cross-reactivity among serotypes, and no cross-reactivity was observed in sera from nondengue patients. Thus, our test not only enables the rapid detection of the dengue virus but also can distinguish among the specific serotypes during the early stages of infection. These results indicate that our ELISA for DENV NS1 is a convenient tool that may help elucidate the epidemiology of DENV outbreaks and facilitate the clinical management of DENV infections.

scholarly journals Detection of Dengue Virus in Department of Bolivar, Colombia, 2012-2013, Real-Time PCR

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
DORIS ESTHER GÓMEZ ◽  
Yina Paola García ◽  
MARGARITA MARIA OCHOA ◽  
Raimundo Castro ◽  
Erwin Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective. To assess the presence of RNA from dengue virus by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction with Reverse Transcriptase (qRT-PCR), in anti-dengue IgM seronegative serum samples obtained from symptomatic patients with less than 5 days of fever, in the department of Bolivar, Colombia.Materials and Methods. Cross sectional descriptive study, where 50 anti-dengue IgM seronegative serum samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR. In addition, we reviewed the epidemiological charts of each patient in order to collect sociodemographic and blood count (CBC) data.Results. DENV-3 RNA was detected in seven (14 %) serum samples. The most common clinical manifestations were: fever (90 %; 45/50), headache (88 %; 44/50) and myalgia (74 %; 37/50). Regarding the CBC, the most significant findings were: thrombocytopenia (60 %; 30/50; 73.3% were men), and leukopenia (50 %; 25/50; 60% were men).Conclusion. Detection and typing of DENV genome by qRT-PCR could be considered a diagnostic tool for Dengue in anti-dengue IgM seronegative serum samples, especially, within four days after the onset of the signs of the disease.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Dengue Virus in Clinical Specimens from Bangkok, Thailand, during 2018–2020: Co-Circulation of All Four Serotypes with Multiple Genotypes and/or Clades

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Kanaporn Poltep ◽  
Juthamas Phadungsombat ◽  
Emi E. Nakayama ◽  
Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Genotype Iii ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Arboviral Disease ◽  
Dominant Genotype

Dengue is an arboviral disease highly endemic in Bangkok, Thailand. To characterize the current genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV), we recruited patients with suspected DENV infection at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, during 2018–2020. We determined complete nucleotide sequences of the DENV envelope region for 111 of 276 participant serum samples. All four DENV serotypes were detected, with the highest proportion being DENV-1. Although all DENV-1 sequences were genotype I, our DENV-1 sequences were divided into four distinct clades with different distributions in Asian countries. Two genotypes of DENV-2 were identified, Asian I and Cosmopolitan, which were further divided into two and three distinct clades, respectively. In DENV-3, in addition to the previously dominant genotype III, a cluster of 6 genotype I viruses only rarely reported in Thailand was also observed. All of the DENV-4 viruses belonged to genotype I, but they were separated into three distinct clades. These results indicated that all four serotypes of DENV with multiple genotypes and/or clades co-circulate in Bangkok. Continuous investigation of DENV is warranted to further determine the relationship between DENV within Thailand and neighboring countries in Southeast Asia and Asia.

scholarly journals Determining vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Ghana in transmitting dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Amoa-Bosompem ◽  
Daisuke Kobayashi ◽  
Kentaro Itokawa ◽  
Katsunori Murota ◽  
Astri Nur Faizah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
West African ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Serotype 1

Abstract Background Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, but is not endemic in all areas where this vector is found. For example, the relatively sparse distribution of cases in West Africa is generally attributed to the refractory nature of West African Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) to DENV infection, and particularly the forest-dwelling Ae. aegypti formosus. However, recent studies have shown these mosquitoes to be competent vectors within some West African countries that have suffered outbreaks in the past, such as Senegal. There is however little information on the vector competence of the Ae. aegypti in West African countries such as Ghana with no reported outbreaks. Methods This study examined the vector competence of 4 Ae. aegypti colonies from urban, semi-urban, and two rural locations in Ghana in transmitting DENV serotypes 1 and 2, using a single colony from Vietnam as control. Midgut infection and virus dissemination were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while the presence and concentration of DENV in the saliva of infectious mosquitoes was determined by the focus forming assay. Results There were significant differences in the colonies’ susceptibility to virus infection, dissemination, and transmission. All examined Ghanaian mosquitoes were refractory to infection by DENV serotype 2, while some colonies exhibited potential to transmit DENV serotype 1. None of the tested colonies were as competent as the control group colony. Conclusions These findings give insight into the possible risk of outbreaks, particularly in the urban areas in the south of Ghana, and highlight the need for continuous surveillance to determine the transmission status and outbreak risk. This study also highlights the need to prevent importation of different DENV strains and potential invasion of new highly vector-competent Ae. aegypti strains, particularly around the ports of entry. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals All four dengue virus serotypes co-circulate in concurrent dengue infections in a single dengue session in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048
Author(s):  
Moushumi Ghosh Roy ◽  
Kutub Uddin ◽  
Din Islam ◽  
Anjuvan Singh ◽  
Mohammad Monirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Public Health Burden

Purposes: Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, is a global public health burden affecting millions of people each year and over 40% of world populations are at risk of dengue. Therefore, prompt and accurate dengue diagnosis is inevitable for disease surveillance and for aiding disease management. In this study we report dengue virus (DENV) seroprevalence in Chittagong, Bangladesh along with clinical manifestation of dengue infections. Methods: All samples included in this study were selected based on dengue NS1-based diagnosis, clinical sign and symptoms were judged by expert clinical physicians and infecting DENV serotyping was done by RT-PCR. The blood cells (Platelet, Haematocrit, WBC etc) were analyzed using Haematology cell counter. Results: First, among the 112 DENV infected serum samples tested by RT-PCR, 42 were DENV positive where 76% samples had single DENV serotype infection and 24% were concurrently infected with two or more DENV serotypes, indicating that all four DENVs were present in a single dengue session in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Then, DENV4 was the most prevailed serotype, followed by DENV2, DENV1 and DENV3 in single DENV serotype infections. However, in almost 90% cases of concurrent multiple DENV infections DENV1 serotype was present. A detail analysis of clinical data clearly indicated that DENV1 and DENV2 resulted very similar patterns of clinical symptoms which were quite different from those caused by DENV3 and DENV4. For example, ache and pain were absent in DENV3 infection and diarrhea was absent in DENV4 infections. Furthermore, DENV3, both in single and concurrent multiple DENV infections, might increase dengue disease severity as observed highly reduced platelet counts along with increased WBC in patients infected with DENV3 serotype. Conclusion: All four DENV serotypes, both as single and concurrent multiple DENV infections, were present in single dengue session in Bangladesh. Despite having very similar sequences and structures all four DENVs might produce different disease spectra, ranging from classical dengue fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Concurrent multiple DENV infections could contribute increased dengue disease severity in dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh. Bioresearch Commu. 8(1): 1042-1048, 2022 (January)

scholarly journals IgA ANTI-DENGUE PROFILE IN SAMPLES WITH POSITIVE DENGUE PCR OR NS1

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
M Thohirin Ramadhani ◽  
Aryati Aryati ◽  
M Vitanata Arfijanto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Instruments ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Virus Serotype

Dengue Virus Infection (DVI) causes several clinical manifestations and requires varied diagnostic instruments. IgA anti-dengue as one of the diagnostic markers of DVI is suspected to have a shorter lifespan and greater sensitivity in detecting secondary infections compared to IgM anti-dengue. This study was conducted using 34 sera with positive RT-PCR or NS1 dengue virus. Samples were examined by a reverse flowimmunochromatographic method using AIM Dengue IgA Assure Rapid Test and will be analyzed its profile toward the day of fever, serotype, severity, platelet count, and type of infection. The overall sensitivity of IgA anti-dengue was 61.76% (n=34); in which IgA anti-dengue detected 14.29% primary and 66.67% secondary cases. IgA anti-dengue detected DEN1, DEN2, DEN3, and Mixed DEN1 – DEN3 virus serotype respectively 55.56%, 22.22%, 16.67%, and 5.56% (n=20). The day of fever was dominated by day-4 and day-5 respectively 28.57% (n=21). IgA anti-dengue was detected in DD, DHF grade I, II, and III 42,86%, 28.57%, 19.05%, and 9.52% (n=21) respectively. IgA anti-dengue detected in all levels of platelet count, it detected 60% in < 50,000 cell/mm3, 30% in 50,000 - 100.000 cell/mm3 and 10% in > 100,000 cell/mm3 platelet count sample (n=20). In conclusion, IgA anti-dengue showed a good performance, applicable as a diagnostic marker of DVI.

scholarly journals Use of immunodot blot and multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in dengue virus detection in macerates of Aedes aegypti larvae

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Aline T.A. Chagas ◽  
Michelle D. Oliveira ◽  
Jose M.S. Mezencio ◽  
Eduardo A.M. Silva ◽  
Leandro L. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques

The <em>Dengue virus</em> is the main arbovirus that affects man in terms of morbidity and mortality. The detection of the virus is very important for epidemiological surveillance, so here we propose to standardize and compare the immunodot blot (IDB) and multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (M-RT-PCR) techniques to detect and characterize the dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in samples of <em>Aedes aegypti</em> larvae. Thus, the IDB and M-RT-PCR techniques were standardized using macerated samples of larvae collected in nature. The use of monoclonal antibodies in IDB has not shown great results, but DENV detection through this method was possible using polyclonal antibodies. The distinction of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 was carried out by M-RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Diagnosis Based on Detection of CXCL10 in Urine as Biomarker for The Determining Diagnosis of Active Lung Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽  
I Gede Yogi Prema Ananda ◽  
Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Tuberculosis diagnosis is an important component in decreasing TB incidence and prevalence. Because of the difficulty to collect sputum in some cases, urine specimens are used as it is easier to garner. One of the biomarkers in urine that can be used to diagnose pulmonary TB is IP-10, which can be represented by the CXCL10 gene. The study aims to determine the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine as a biomarker for the patients with suspected pulmonary TB in Dr. Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya from November 2019 until March 2020. Thus, this is an observative laboratory research with a cross-sectional study. CXCL10 gene was examined using PCR for 36 urine samples, and then, the data, together with the medical records of clinical manifestations of pulmonary TB, GeneXpert MTB /RIF, blood count, and thorax radiograph, were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and thorax radiograph criteria show positive results of pulmonary TB, which were 44.4% and 69.4% respectively. CXCL10 gene was not found in all urine of healthy people (negative), while 2.8% (1/36 samples) positive CXCL10 gene was found in a patient with positive GeneXpert, also with negative clinical manifestations and urine culture. In this study, the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine for diagnosis of active pulmonary TB was 2.8%. Future research is needed to improve the methods, among them are bigger size of urine samples and clearer medical history of patients. 

scholarly journals Boosting can explain patterns of fluctuations of ratios of inapparent to symptomatic dengue virus infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. e2013941118
Author(s):  
Laura W. Alexander ◽  
Rotem Ben-Shachar ◽  
Leah C. Katzelnick ◽  
Guillermina Kuan ◽  
Angel Balmaseda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
Arboviral Disease

Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide, and the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes circulate endemically in many tropical and subtropical regions. Numerous studies have shown that the majority of DENV infections are inapparent, and that the ratio of inapparent to symptomatic infections (I/S) fluctuates substantially year-to-year. For example, in the ongoing Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study (PDCS) in Nicaragua, which was established in 2004, the I/S ratio has varied from 16.5:1 in 2006–2007 to 1.2:1 in 2009–2010. However, the mechanisms explaining these large fluctuations are not well understood. We hypothesized that in dengue-endemic areas, frequent boosting (i.e., exposures to DENV that do not lead to extensive viremia and result in a less than fourfold rise in antibody titers) of the immune response can be protective against symptomatic disease, and this can explain fluctuating I/S ratios. We formulate mechanistic epidemiologic models to examine the epidemiologic effects of protective homologous and heterologous boosting of the antibody response in preventing subsequent symptomatic DENV infection. We show that models that include frequent boosts that protect against symptomatic disease can recover the fluctuations in the I/S ratio that we observe, whereas a classic model without boosting cannot. Furthermore, we show that a boosting model can recover the inverse relationship between the number of symptomatic cases and the I/S ratio observed in the PDCS. These results highlight the importance of robust dengue control efforts, as intermediate dengue control may have the potential to decrease the protective effects of boosting.

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