scholarly journals Depression and Plasma Amyloid β Peptides in the Elderly With and Without the Apolipoprotein E4 Allele

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Chi Chia Chiu ◽  
Elizabeth Liebson ◽  
Natalia A. Crivello ◽  
Lixia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4 ◽  
E4 Allele

scholarly journals Association between Amylin and Amyloid-β Peptides in Plasma in the Context of Apolipoprotein E4 Allele

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e88063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Qiao Qiu ◽  
Max Wallack ◽  
Michael Dean ◽  
Elizabeth Liebson ◽  
Mkaya Mwamburi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4 ◽  
E4 Allele

scholarly journals Codon 311 (Cys → Ser) polymorphism of paraoxonase-2 gene is associated with apolipoprotein E4 allele in both Alzheimer’s and vascular dementias

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Janka ◽  
A Juhász ◽  
Á Rimanóczy ◽  
K Boda ◽  
J Márki-Zay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E4 ◽  
E4 Allele

scholarly journals The Impact of Medium Chain and Polyunsaturated ω-3-Fatty Acids on Amyloid-β Deposition, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Alzheimer´s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Janine Mett
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
The Impact

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population, is closely linked to a dysregulated cerebral lipid homeostasis and particular changes in brain fatty acid (FA) composition. The abnormal extracellular accumulation and deposition of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered as an early toxic event in AD pathogenesis, which initiates a series of events leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. These include the induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, the disruption of calcium homeostasis and membrane integrity, an impairment of cerebral energy metabolism, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and polyunsaturated ω-3-fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) seem to be valuable for disease modification. Both classes of FAs have neuronal health-promoting and cognition-enhancing properties and might be of benefit for patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms by which MCFAs and ω-3-PUFAs reduce the cerebral Aβ deposition, improve brain energy metabolism, and lessen oxidative stress levels.

scholarly journals Efficacy and immunogenicity of MultiTEP-based DNA vaccines targeting human α-synuclein: prelude for IND enabling studies

npj Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyoun Kim ◽  
Armine Hovakimyan ◽  
Karen Zagorski ◽  
Tatevik Antonyan ◽  
Irina Petrushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Vaccines ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lewy Neurites ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAccumulation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the brain leads to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal damage, and the onset of relevant neurodegenerative disorder/s. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by the aberrant accumulation of α-Syn intracytoplasmic Lewy body inclusions and dystrophic Lewy neurites resulting in neurodegeneration associated with inflammation. Cell to cell propagation of α-Syn aggregates is implicated in the progression of PD/DLB, and high concentrations of anti-α-Syn antibodies could inhibit/reduce the spreading of this pathological molecule in the brain. To ensure sufficient therapeutic concentrations of anti-α-Syn antibodies in the periphery and CNS, we developed four α-Syn DNA vaccines based on the universal MultiTEP platform technology designed especially for the elderly with immunosenescence. Here, we are reporting on the efficacy and immunogenicity of these vaccines targeting three B-cell epitopes of hα-Syn aa85–99 (PV-1947D), aa109–126 (PV-1948D), aa126–140 (PV-1949D) separately or simultaneously (PV-1950D) in a mouse model of synucleinopathies mimicking PD/DLB. All vaccines induced high titers of antibodies specific to hα-Syn that significantly reduced PD/DLB-like pathology in hα-Syn D line mice. The most significant reduction of the total and protein kinase resistant hα-Syn, as well as neurodegeneration, were observed in various brain regions of mice vaccinated with PV-1949D and PV-1950D in a sex-dependent manner. Based on these preclinical data, we selected the PV-1950D vaccine for future IND enabling preclinical studies and clinical development.

scholarly journals Astrocytes and Adenosine A2A Receptors: Active Players in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia R. Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo A. Cunha ◽  
Paula Agostinho
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
A2a Receptors ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Astrocytes, through their numerous processes, establish a bidirectional communication with neurons that is crucial to regulate synaptic plasticity, the purported neurophysiological basis of memory. This evidence contributed to change the classic “neurocentric” view of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), being astrocytes increasingly considered a key player in this neurodegenerative disease. AD, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, is characterized by a deterioration of memory and of other cognitive functions. Although, early cognitive deficits have been associated with synaptic loss and dysfunction caused by amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), accumulating evidences support a role of astrocytes in AD. Astrocyte atrophy and reactivity occurring at early and later stages of AD, respectively, involve morphological alterations that translate into functional changes. However, the main signals responsible for astrocytic alterations in AD and their impact on synaptic function remain to be defined. One possible candidate is adenosine, which can be formed upon extracellular catabolism of ATP released by astrocytes. Adenosine can act as a homeostatic modulator and also as a neuromodulator at the synaptic level, through the activation of adenosine receptors, mainly of A1R and A2AR subtypes. These receptors are also present in astrocytes, being particularly relevant in pathological conditions, to control the morphofunctional responses of astrocytes. Here, we will focus on the role of A2AR, since they are particularly associated with neurodegeneration and also with memory processes. Furthermore, A2AR levels are increased in the AD brain, namely in astrocytes where they can control key astrocytic functions. Thus, unveiling the role of A2AR in astrocytes function might shed light on novel therapeutic strategies for AD.

scholarly journals Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Focus on Recent Insights

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Villa ◽  
Marialuisa Lavitrano ◽  
Elena Salvatore ◽  
Romina Combi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Attractive Alternative

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly, affecting millions of people worldwide and clinically characterized by a progressive and irreversible cognitive decline. The rapid increase in the incidence of AD highlights the need for an easy, efficient and accurate diagnosis of the disease in its initial stages in order to halt or delay the progression. The currently used diagnostic methods rely on measures of amyloid-β (Aβ), phosphorylated (p-tau) and total tau (t-tau) protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aided by advanced neuroimaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the invasiveness of these procedures and the high cost restrict their utilization. Hence, biomarkers from biological fluids obtained using non-invasive methods and novel neuroimaging approaches provide an attractive alternative for the early diagnosis of AD. Such biomarkers may also be helpful for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, allowing differential diagnosis or at least prolonging the pre-symptomatic stage in patients suffering from AD. Herein, we discuss the advantages and limits of the conventional biomarkers as well as recent promising candidates from alternative body fluids and new imaging techniques.

Apolipoprotein E4 promotes the early deposition of Aβ42 and then Aβ40 in the elderly

2000 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Walker ◽  
J. Pahnke ◽  
M. Madauss ◽  
S. Vogelgesang ◽  
A. Pahnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4

Apolipoprotein e4 allele and the risk of CAD death in type 2 diabetes mellitus with ischaemia electrocardiographic change

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Guang-da ◽  
Yang Xiang-jiu ◽  
Zhao Lin-shuang ◽  
Chen Zhi-song ◽  
He Yu-sheng
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Electrocardiographic Change ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4 ◽  
E4 Allele
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