scholarly journals Bone remodelling in Neanderthal mandibles from the El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain)

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayetana Martinez-Maza ◽  
Antonio Rosas ◽  
Samuel García-Vargas ◽  
Almudena Estalrrich ◽  
Marco de la Rasilla
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Skull Morphology

Skull morphology results from the bone remodelling mechanism that underlies the specific bone growth dynamics. Histological study of the bone surface from Neanderthal mandible specimens of El Sidrón (Spain) provides information about the distribution of the remodelling fields (bone remodelling patterns or BRP) indicative of the bone growth directions. In comparison with other primate species, BRP shows that Neanderthal mandibles from the El Sidrón (Spain) sample present a specific BRP. The interpretation of this map allows inferences concerning the growth directions that explain specific morphological traits of the Neanderthal mandible, such as its quadrangular shape and the posterior location of the mental foramen.

scholarly journals Experiments on skeletal growth and development in vitro in relation to the problem of avian phokomelia

1935 ◽  
Vol 118 (807) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Stage Of Development

The experiments to be reported in the following pages were suggested by observations made by one of us on the so-called Creeper fowl. Creeper chickens are characterized by a disproportionate shortness of the long bones of the extremities. Histological study has shown that Creeper chickens belong in the same category as the disproportionate dwarfism of mammals known as chondrodystrophy or achondroplasia (Landauer, 1931) . The Creeper characters are inherited as a Mendelian dominant and are lethal in homozygous condition (Landauer and Dunn, 1930). Homozygous Creeper embryos generally die after about 72 hours of incubation, but in rare cases they survive beyond this stage and continue development up to nearly hatching time. These late stages of homozygous Creeper embryos exhibit striking malformations of the extremities which are known as phokomelia (Landauer, 1933). A study of the early embryonic development of homozygous Creeper embryos (Landauer, 1932) led to the conclusion that the effects of the Creeper mutation are not brought about by specific gene action on those body parts which later show deformities, but by a general retardation of body growth at a definite stage of development. This conclusion was strengthened by a detailed comparison of embryonic and post-natal bone growth in heterozygous Creeper and normal chickens (Landauer, 1934). All evidence which so far has been obtained in this work points to the conclusion that the characteristic traits of heterozygous as well as homozygous Creeper chicks are produced by an unspecific retardation of development at a time when formation of the buds of the extremities (and of the head which in homozygous embryos also shows deformities later on) are proceeding at a particularly rapid rate, thereby causing specific disturbances in the differentiation of these parts. It seemed to us that it should be possible to put these conclusions to an experimental test. The most promising way of approach appeared to be an attempt to produce in vitro the extreme abnormalities of bone formation shown by the extremities of phokomelic homozygous Creeper embryos. These abnormalities chiefly consist in (1) a general retardation of cartilage differentiation; (2) lack of bone formation; and (3) frequent partial fusion of ulna and radius on the one hand, tibia and fibula on the other, or presence of only one bone in these segments instead of two.

scholarly journals Author response: Altered bone growth dynamics prefigure craniosynostosis in a zebrafish model of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla S Teng ◽  
Man-chun Ting ◽  
D'Juan T Farmer ◽  
Mia Brockop ◽  
Robert E Maxson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Zebrafish Model

scholarly journals Living fast in the Triassic: New data on life history in Lystrosaurus (Therapsida: Dicynodontia) from northeastern Pangea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259369
Author(s):  
Zoe T. Kulik ◽  
Jacqueline K. Lungmus ◽  
Kenneth D. Angielczyk ◽  
Christian A. Sidor
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
African Species ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Average Body

Lystrosaurus was one of the few tetrapods to survive the Permo-Triassic mass extinction, the most profound biotic crisis in Earth’s history. The wide paleolatitudinal range and high abundance of Lystrosaurus during the Early Triassic provide a unique opportunity to investigate changes in growth dynamics and longevity following the mass extinction, yet most studies have focused only on species that lived in the southern hemisphere. Here, we present the long bone histology from twenty Lystrosaurus skeletal elements spanning a range of sizes that were collected in the Jiucaiyuan Formation of northwestern China. In addition, we compare the average body size of northern and southern Pangean Triassic-aged species and conduct cranial geometric morphometric analyses of southern and northern taxa to begin investigating whether specimens from China are likely to be taxonomically distinct from South African specimens. We demonstrate that Lystrosaurus from China have larger average body sizes than their southern Pangean relatives and that their cranial morphologies are distinctive. The osteohistological examination revealed sustained, rapid osteogenesis punctuated by growth marks in some, but not all, immature individuals from China. We find that the osteohistology of Chinese Lystrosaurus shares a similar growth pattern with South African species that show sustained growth until death. However, bone growth arrests more frequently in the Chinese sample. Nevertheless, none of the long bones sampled here indicate that maximum or asymptotic size was reached, suggesting that the maximum size of Lystrosaurus from the Jiucaiyuan Formation remains unknown.

Performance of Osteoinductive Biphasic Calcium-Phosphate Ceramic in a Critical-sized Defect in Goats

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 1303-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Habibovic ◽  
Mirella van den Doel ◽  
Clemens A. van Blitterswijk ◽  
K. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Critical Sized Defect

Osteoinductive biomaterials are able of inducing bone formation at ectopic, i.e. extraskeletal implantation sites. It is, however, important to investigate whether osteoinductive biomaterials perform better when implanted orthotopically as well, in particular in clinically relevant criticalsized defects. In this study, an osteoinductive and a non-osteoinductive biphasic calcium-phosphate (BCP) ceramic were compared in a critical-sized iliac wing defect that allows for paired comparison. After 12 weeks of implantation in the critical-sized defect, the osteoinductive BCP1150 ceramic showed significantly more bone than the non-osteoinductive BCP1300 ceramic. In addition, the analysis of fluorochrome markers, which were administered to the animals 4, 6 and 8 weeks after implantation in order to visualize the bone growth dynamics, showed an earlier start of bone formation in BCP1150 as compared to BCP1300. Significantly better performance of osteoinductive ceramic in a critical-sized orthotopic defect in a large animal model in comparison to the non-osteoinductive ceramic suggests osteoinduction to be clinically relevant.

scholarly journals Altered bone growth dynamics prefigure craniosynostosis in a zebrafish model of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla S Teng ◽  
Man-chun Ting ◽  
D'Juan T Farmer ◽  
Mia Brockop ◽  
Robert E Maxson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Mouse Genetics ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Parietal Bones ◽  
Progenitor Maintenance ◽  
Coronal Region

Cranial sutures separate the skull bones and house stem cells for bone growth and repair. In Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, mutations in TCF12 or TWIST1 ablate a specific suture, the coronal. This suture forms at a neural-crest/mesoderm interface in mammals and a mesoderm/mesoderm interface in zebrafish. Despite this difference, we show that combinatorial loss of TCF12 and TWIST1 homologs in zebrafish also results in specific loss of the coronal suture. Sequential bone staining reveals an initial, directional acceleration of bone production in the mutant skull, with subsequent localized stalling of bone growth prefiguring coronal suture loss. Mouse genetics further reveal requirements for Twist1 and Tcf12 in both the frontal and parietal bones for suture patency, and to maintain putative progenitors in the coronal region. These findings reveal conservation of coronal suture formation despite evolutionary shifts in embryonic origins, and suggest that the coronal suture might be especially susceptible to imbalances in progenitor maintenance and osteoblast differentiation.

scholarly journals IMO-HIP 2015 Report: An Evolutionary Game Theory Approach to evolutionary-enlightened application of chemotherapy in bone metastatic prostate cancer

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Warman ◽  
Arturo Araujo ◽  
Conor Lynch ◽  
David Basanta
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Prostate Cancer Metastasis

Prostate cancer metastasis to the bone is predominantly lethal and results from the ability of successful metastatic prostate cancer cells to co-opt microenvironmental cells and processes involved in bone remodelling. Understanding how the interactions between tumour and stromal cells determine successful metastases and how metastatic tumours respond to treatment is an emergent process that is hard to asses biologically and thus can benefit from mathematical models. In this work we describe a mathematical model of bone remodelling and the establishment of a prostate cancer metastasis in the bone using evolutionary game theory. We have mathematically recapitulated the current paradigm of a vicious cycle driving the tumor growth and we have used this tool to investigate the key interactions between the tumour and the bone stroma. Crucially, the model sheds light on the role that the interactions of heterogeneous tumor cells with the bone microenvironment have in the treatment of cancer. Our results show that resistant populations naturally become dominant in the metastases under a number treatment schemes and that schedules designed by an evolutionary game theory approach could be used to better control the tumour and the associated bone growth than the current standard of care.

Bone behavior in the posterior region of edentulous mandibles rehabilitated with implant-retained fixed prostheses:  32 months longitudinal prospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Noemy Gasparini Kiatake Fontão ◽  
Dercelino Bittencourt Júnior ◽  
Ana Cláudia Moreira Melo ◽  
Paola Rebellato Acântara ◽  
Anna Paula da Rosa Possebon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Preservation ◽  
Fixed Prosthesis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Bone Height

Research has shown that the presence of implants can revert bone resorption and thus contribute to a greater preservation of the residual bone ridge, especially in edentulous mandibles. Bone remodeling has yet to be extensively studied in the context of prosthetic options for edentulous arches. This study aims to evaluate the long-term behavior of bone tissue in the posterior region of edentulous mandibles rehabilitated with implant-retained fixed prostheses using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Selected individuals were rehabilitated with 5 external hexagon platform implants and an implant-retained fixed prosthesis. CBCT scans were performed immediately after surgery and after 8, 22, and 32 months (T0, T8, T22, and T32, respectively). Implants were installed between the mental foramen. Subsequently, bone crest height and density were measured in the posterior region of the mandible on the images in 3 distinct areas at 5, 10, and 15 mm from the center of the distal implant axis. Analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for multiple analyses. The results indicate a statistically significant difference in bone height between T0 and all subsequent times; the bone height at T32 was 8.85% higher than at T0 (p = 0.05). There was bone height difference between all analyzed regions. The bone growth difference between the 5 mm and 15 mm positions was 28.42% after 32 months (p = 0.00). A significant increase of 5.76% in bone density was observed between T0 and T22 (p = 0.03). Within the limitations of this study (sample size, follow-up duration), it was demonstrated that the  use  of  implant-retained  fixed  prostheses  in  the  mandible  resulted  in  qualitative  and quantitative bone growth (bone preservation) in the posterior region of the mandible. Further research is needed to identify the validity of our findings for other populations and determine the duration of the bone remodeling process in rehabilitated edentulous mandibles.

scholarly journals Prenatal Zidovudine Treatment Modifies Early Development of Rat Osteoid – Confocal Microspectroscopy Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263
Author(s):  
Zofia Drzazga ◽  
Wojciech Ciszek ◽  
Mariusz Binek
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Enzymatic Mechanism ◽  
Zidovudine Treatment ◽  
Confocal Fluorescence ◽  
Life Structure

Abstract Autofluorescence of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) has not been widely explored although the ECM plays a very important role in bone development. In our research we focused on examining the bone matrix of very young animals due to the intense growth process during the first month of life. Structure images and fluorescence spectra of the bone surface were carried out using confocal fluorescence microscope Eclipse Ti-S inverted CLSM (NIKON, Japan) for compact tibia of healthy 7-, 14- and 28-day-old rat newborns after prenatal zidovudine administration in comparison with control. Spectral features of ECM autofluorescence were analyzed statistically by taking into consideration p < 0.05. The CLSM technique allows for simultaneous examination of the structure and autofluorescence from selected areas of the bone surface. Excessive autofluorescence of ECM after prenatal zidovudine administration influences bone growth incommensurably to the newborns’ age. Therefore the possibility of an additional non-enzymatic mechanism of collagen cross-linking in the first two weeks of life of newborn rats prenatally treated with zidovudine has been considered. Our results suggest that ECM autofluorescence can be an indicator of bone development in the normal and pathological state.

scholarly journals A 24-year Retrospective Study of Bone Growth After Implant Placement

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
P Values ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Canal ◽  
Bone Height

Abstract This study quantifies the changes in bone height noted in the body of the edentulous mandibles when the load of the complete denture is born by an RA Ramus Frame Implant (Pacific Implant, Rio Dell, Calif). Eighty-three patients with implants were followed for 3 to 24 years. Pre- and postoperative panoramic films were taken and again at each succeeding 5-year follow-up. The results of the bone changes were gathered retrospectively and calculated. The data revealed a significant increase in bone height from 4.413 to 13 mm and statistically significant P values of .0003 were determined. The growth of bone appears to be influenced by the design of the posterior feet, dominant chewing side, and a range of extreme atrophy from 5.9 mm to 15 mm. Also, the previously lost anatomical structures appear to repair, such as the luman of the mental foramen and the superior wall over the inferior alveolar canal. All mandibles were loaded postoperatively with an appliance having cutting bars and porcelain teeth or just porcelain teeth in both appliances.

MEMS Dielectrophoresis Device for Osteoblast Cell Stimulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 60-61 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zou ◽  
R.R.A. Syms ◽  
S. Mellon ◽  
K.E. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cell Stimulation ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Wolff’S Law ◽  
Positive Dielectrophoresis ◽  
Ac Fields

A fixed microelectrode device for cell stimulation has been designed and fabricated using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Dielectrophoretic forces obtained from non-uniform electric fields were used for manipulating and positioning osteoblasts. The experiments show that the osteoblasts experience positive dielectrophoresis (p-DEP) when suspended in iso-osmotic culture medium and exposed to AC fields at 5 MHz frequency. This work will help to investigate the mechanisms underlying Wolff’s law of bone growth dynamics at the cellular level. The methods used can also be developed to control osteoblast metabolism and ultimately enhance bone repair processes.

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