scholarly journals Friction-lowering capabilities and human subject preferences for a hydrophilic surface coating on latex substrates: implications for increasing condom usage

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Cooper ◽  
Stacy L. Chin ◽  
Ruiqing Xiao ◽  
Karen Buch ◽  
Ducksoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Condom Usage ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Frictional Performance ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Personal lubricants can increase user satisfaction with male condoms by reducing friction and yielding a slippery sensation. However, lubricants pose disadvantages of dilution in physiologic fluids and sloughing away over repeated articulations. To address these drawbacks, a latex surface modification, which becomes lubricious in the presence of physiologic fluid, has been developed and evaluated. This study assesses (i) the frictional performance of the lubricious coating compared to non-coated latex and latex lubricated by personal lubricant, (ii) the level of agreement between human-perceived slipperiness and machine-measured friction, and (iii) human preference for a hypothetical male condom containing the lubricious coating. Friction coefficient of the lubricious coating was 53% lower than that of non-coated latex and approximately equal to that afforded by personal lubricant. A touch test and survey of a small population sample ( N = 33) revealed a strong correlation ( R 2 = 0.83) between human-perceived slipperiness and machine-measured friction. A majority of participants (73%) expressed a preference for a condom containing the lubricious coating, agreeing that an inherently slippery condom that remained slippery for a long duration would increase their condom usage. Such a coating shows potential to be an effective strategy for decreasing friction-associated pain, increasing user satisfaction and increasing condom usage.

scholarly journals Resting-state functional connectivity of emotion regulation networks in euthymic and non-euthymic bipolar disorder patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rey ◽  
C Piguet ◽  
A Benders ◽  
S Favre ◽  
SB Eickhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mood State ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

AbstractBackgroundPrevious functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in bipolar disorder (BD) have evidenced changes in functional connectivity (FC) in brain areas associated with emotion processing, but how these changes vary with mood state and specific clinical symptoms is not fully understood.MethodsWe investigated resting-state FC between a priori regions of interest (ROIs) from the default-mode network and key structures for emotion processing and regulation in 27 BD patients and 27 matched healthy controls. We further compared connectivity patterns in subgroups of 15 euthymic and 12 non-euthymic patients and tested for correlations of the connectivity strength with measures of mood, anxiety, and rumination tendency. No correction for multiple comparisons was applied given the small population sample and pre-defined target ROIs.ResultsOverall, regardless of mood state, BD patients exhibited increased FC of the left amygdala with left sgACC and PCC, relative to controls. In addition, non-euthymic BD patients showed distinctive decrease in FC between right amygdala and sgACC, whereas euthymic patients showed lower FC between PCC and sgACC. Euthymic patients also displayed increased FC between sgACC and right VLPFC. The sgACC–PCC and sgACC–left amygdala connections were modulated by rumination tendency in non-euthymic patients, whereas the sgACC-VLPFC connection was modulated by both the current mood and tendency to ruminate.ConclusionsOur results suggest that sgACC-amygdala coupling is critically affected during mood episodes, and that FC of sgACC play a pivotal role in mood normalization through its interactions with the VLPFC and PCC. However, these preliminary findings require replication with larger samples of patients.

Super Hydrophilic Surface Coating for PV Modules

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
Mo Washeem ◽  
Mohammad Rafey ◽  
Mudassir Hasan Khan ◽  
Kashif Faheem ◽  
Zuhaib Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Pv Modules

scholarly journals Early Brown Rot Infections in Sweet Cherry Fruit Are Detected by Monilinia-Specific DNA Primers

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Förster ◽  
J. E. Adaskaveg
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Dna Primers

Visible and nonvisible quiescent infections of immature and mature fruit are an integral component of the disease cycle of brown rot of sweet cherry in California. Detection of these infections is critical for developing efficient and efficacious fungicide management programs. The previously published DNA amplification primers mfs3 and NS5 for the identification of Monilinia fructicola were very specific in amplifying DNA of M. fructicola only and not M. laxa. This primer set, however, only detected DNA from some of the California isolates of M. fructicola. This genetic diversity was supported by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Using eight 10-mer primers, seven M. fructicola isolates from California were all identified as genetically distinct. Using the same primers, only one polymorphism was detected among seven isolates of M. laxa. The multiple genotypes identified within the small population sample of M. fructicola, but not of M. laxa, using RAPD analysis could be indicative of genetic recombination within M. fructicola but not within M. laxa. To detect early brown rot infections in fruit, two primer sets that were developed from DNA sequences of either ribosomal DNA (MF5/ITS4/ITS3) or a RAPD fragment (X-09intF3/X-09R) specifically amplified DNA from isolates of M. fructicola and Monilinia species, respectively. No amplification products were present when using DNA from Botrytis cinerea or from other fungi commonly found on sweet cherry fruit. Primers X-09intF3 and X-09R were more sensitive and reliable for detecting small amounts of target DNA either extracted from conidia or from laboratory-inoculated cherry fruit with early brown rot infections that showed no visual symptoms or with visible quiescent infections. Furthermore, these primers also were effective for detecting visible quiescent infections in cherry fruit that were collected in the field.

Hydrophilic surface coating on hydrophobic PTFE membrane for robust anti-oil-fouling membrane distillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunpeng Wang ◽  
Deyin Hou ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zhangxin Wang ◽  
Binghui Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Ptfe Membrane ◽  
Oil Fouling

The Use of Life Tables in Paleodemography

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Moore ◽  
Alan C. Swedlund ◽  
George J. Armelagos
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Biological Population ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
The Impact

Anthropologists have become increasingly aware of the importance of population as a factor in a systematic view of human biological and cultural development. This awareness has generated an interest in the field of demography, and consequently, techniques once utilized almost exclusively by demographers are now frequently utilized for anthropological studies. Anthropological-paleodemographic inquiry traditionally starts with the excavation of a skeletal population sample. The sample is aged and sexed, and the data are put into a descriptive analytic model–the life table. The life table, through a process of inference, is taken to represent the life processes of a local biological population and often forms the basis for further inference on the relationships between populational and cultural processes (Green and others 1974; Howell-Lee 1971).Critics have questioned the assumption of life table construction and cited various sources of error in data collection to argue against the use of life tables as a source of inference concerning the biological population. In this paper we will attempt to address some of these sources of error. Specifically, we will discuss the effects of enumeration errors, population growth, and small population size on life table values. To assess the impact of these errors on life table values of “anthropological” populations, we make use of computer simulation. We conclude that, once the implications of these factors are understood, the life table can provide a useful model for paleodemographic research.

scholarly journals Improving participation of detained men in organised screening of colorectal cancer in Toulon

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Porte ◽  
M D Harmel ◽  
L Pernice ◽  
M Misserey ◽  
C Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Immunologic Test

Abstract In France, organised screening for colorectal cancer was set up in 2008. Participation rate was assessed in March 2014 at the prison of Toulon / La Farlède. On the 100 detained men aged 50-74 years old concerned by screening, only 3.9 % were screened. A project aiming at improving participation in screening while addressing specific difficulties related to prison settings (lack of privacy in cells, low socioeconomic and education status of the population, stronger exposition to risk factors for colorectal cancer) was launched in 2015 and has been yearly conducted since then. How to improve colorectal cancer screening in a prison setting? How to organise a sustainable screening program? What proximity guidance should be provided to foster participation? The program that was developed mainly consisted in awareness sessions and proximity guidance to testing. Among the 330 detained men targeted between 2015 and 2018, 165 men performed an immunologic test (57.9%) and 45 were excluded for medical reasons. Colonoscopy was performed for 10 of the 13 men with a positive result and lesions were detected for 9 men. Among them, one cancer, 6 high-risk polyps and 2 low-risk polyps were found. Those findings exceeded expected numbers. Despite a small population sample, data revealed the benefit of the project in comparison with other participation rates: only 33.5% in France and 29.3% in the Var department (estimates for 2016-17 by Santé Publique France). Furthermore, we achieved a participation rate compliant with European recommendations establishing 45% as a minimum target. The success of our program relied on the synergy between health prevention professionals screening organisers and prison medical staff. Strong involvement of each team constituted a real leverage for project to ensure effective proximity guidance for detained persons leading them to get screened. Key messages Awareness program adapted to prison improved participation in colorectal cancer organised screening. Proximity guidance helped to detect cancer and to improve medical care of detained persons.

BiOMi: A binomial stochastic framework on microgrids for efficiently modeling discrete statistics of convective populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Neggers ◽  
Philipp Griewank
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Turbulent Energy ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Convective Parameterization ◽  
Stochastic Framework

<p>Understanding the coupling between convective clouds and the general circulation, as well as addressing the grey zone problem in convective parameterization, requires insight into the genesis and maintenance of spatial patterns in cumulus cloud populations. In this study a simple toy model for recreating populations of interacting convective objects as distributed over a two-dimensional Eulerian grid is formulated to this purpose. Key elements at the foundation of the model include i) a fully discrete formulation for capturing discrete behavior in convective properties at small population sample sizes, ii) object age-dependence for representing life-cycle effects, and iii) a prognostic number budget allowing for object interactions and co-existence of multiple species. A primary goal is to optimize the computational efficiency of this system. To this purpose the object birth rate is represented stochastically through a spatially-aware Bernoulli process. The same binomial stochastic operator is applied to horizontal advection of objects, conserving discreteness in object number. The applicability to atmospheric convection as well as behavior implied by the formulation is assessed. Various simple applications of the BiOMi model (Binomial Objects on Microgrids) are explored, suggesting that important convective behavior can be captured at low computational cost. This includes i) subsampling effects and associated powerlaw scaling in the convective grey zone, ii) stochastic predator-prey behavior, iii) the down-scale turbulent energy cascade, and iv) simple forms of spatial organization and convective memory. Consequences and opportunities for convective parameterization in next-generation weather and climate models are discussed.</p>

A building concern? The health needs of families in temporary accommodation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Austin Croft ◽  
Agnes Marossy ◽  
Tracey Wilson ◽  
Alice Atabong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Temporary Accommodation

Abstract Background The number of families living in temporary accommodation in the UK is increasing. International evidence suggests that family homelessness contributes to poor mental health outcomes for both child and parent/carer, yet there is no routine way of understanding these health impacts at a local area level. Methods A homeless health needs audit was adapted to include questions about family health and completed in survey form by 33 people living in temporary accommodation in the London Borough of Bromley. Data were supplemented through an engagement event with 23 health and community care practitioners. Results The small population sample surveyed showed high levels of poor mental health in addition to behaviours that increase the risk of physical ill health (such as smoking) and a high use of secondary healthcare services. Engagement with practitioners showed awareness of poor health amongst this population group and challenges with regard to providing appropriate support. Conclusions There needs to be a sustainable and representative way of understanding the health needs of this population group including a comparison of the health needs of people placed in temporary accommodation in and out of their resident area.

scholarly journals The genetic polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement: methodological aspects and a presentation of linkage and association data relevant to its localization in the HLA region.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 1380-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Teisberg ◽  
B Olaisen ◽  
R Jonassen ◽  
T Gedde-Dahl ◽  
E Thorsby
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Immunofixation Electrophoresis ◽  
Fourth Component ◽  
Association Data ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Functional Detection

The C4 polymorphism in man has been studied by immunofixation electrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and functional detection after agarose gel electrophoresis. It has so far not been possible to reveal this polymorphism by isoelectric focusing and functional detection of C4 bands. Three common alleles and one less frequently occuring allele have been identified. In a small population sample studied by all the different techniques and verified by family segregation, the following gene frequencies have been found: C4F: 0.46, C4S: 0.32, C4F1: 0.20, and C4M: 0.02. By linkage and association studies in a family material it has been shown that a structural C4 locus is situated in the HLA region of chromosome 6 very close to the HLA-B and Bf loci.

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