Antibacterial activity of graphene oxide nanosheet against multidrug resistant superbugs isolated from infected patients

Graphene oxide (GO) is a derivative of graphene nanosheet which is the most promising material of the decade in biomedical research. In particular, it has been known as an antimicrobial nanomaterial with good biocompatibility. In this study, we have synthesized and characterize GO and checked its antimicrobial property against different Gram-negative and Gram-positive multidrug drug resistant (MDR) hospital superbugs grown in solid agar-based nutrient plates with and without human serum through the utilization of agar well diffusion method, live/dead fluorescent staining and genotoxicity analysis. No significant changes in antibacterial activity were found in these two different conditions. We also compare the bactericidal capability of GO with some commonly administered antibiotics and in all cases the degree of inhibition is found to be higher. The data presented here are novel and show that GO is an effective bactericidal agent against different superbugs and can be used as a future antibacterial agent.

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Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia): In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties

RA Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.47191/rajar/v7i6.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 07 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Tulsa Devi ◽

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Water Extract ◽

Hot Water ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Hot Water Extract ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern and hence, the search for other source of antimicrobials initiated to find a way to control infections in future. The main objective of this paper is to screen Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) for its antibacterial activity. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is used to prepare extract for determining it’s in vitro antibacterial activity as per the agar well diffusion method. In the agar well diffusion method 100μl of 24 hr broth culture of bacteria was aseptically and evenly swabbed on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Wells of about 8 mm diameter were aseptically cut using sterile cork-borer. 100 μl of plant extracts of different concentrations were then placed into the separate wells. The plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24hr. Antimicrobial activity of the giloy was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 11, 9 and 5 mm zone of inhibition in S. aureus cultures by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively while hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 14, 12, 10 and 8 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the cold extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 10, 8, 5 and 0 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia indicated 12, 10, 6 and 4 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 16, 14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The cold water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 10, 8, and 5 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively. It has been observed that Tinospora cordifolia showed very promising results as indicated by the zone of inhibition of bacterial culture through agar well diffusion method that varies from few mm to few cm. This study indicates the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Giloy which needs further validation through in-vivo studies.

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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Organic Extracts of Aloe barbadensis against Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wound Specimens

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v5i0.22315 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

Mamata Adhikari ◽

Anil Kumar Sah ◽

Dev Raj Joshi

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Aloe Barbadensis ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objectives: In order to investigate alternate therapeutic option, this study was carried out to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of gel extract of Aloe barbadensis against multiple antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound specimens. Methods: A total of 180 different wound specimens collected in a hospital, were subjected to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa by cultural methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method to screen multidrug resistant isolates. A. barbadensis extracts were prepared using aqueous and organic solvents and their in vitro inhibitory action was evaluated by agar well diffusion methods. Results: Out of total, 38 (21.1%) of the wound specimens showed the occurrence of P. aeruginosa, among which 15 (39%) isolates were multi-drug resistant. Organic extracts of various concentrations (0.2 - 0.8 v/v %) inhibited 66.7% of MDR and all non-MDR (n = 23) P. aeruginosa with zone of inhibition ranging from 9.5 ±1.0 to 21.3 ± 2.2 mm but not by aqueous extract. A positive Pearson’s correlation (r=0.983) was found between antibacterial effect and concentrations of the extracts. The antibacterial activity of organic extracts was statistically associated with antibiotic resistance profile of the organism (p<0.05). Conclusion: Organic extracts of A. barbadensis revealed variable in vitro inhibitory action against both MDR and non-MDR P. aeruginosa isolated from wound specimens. Although further confirmation is needed, aloe gel extract may be applied as an alternate treatment option.

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Detection of extensively drug-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15, ST147, ST377 and ST442 in Iran

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/030.2021.01562 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Davoudabadi ◽

Hossein Goudarzi ◽

Mehdi Goudarzi ◽

Abdollah Ardebili ◽

Ebrahim Faghihloo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

String Test ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Extensively Drug Resistance

Abstract In this study, we focused on the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR), pandrug-resistant (PDR), and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) in Iran. During 2018 to 2020 a total of 52 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from different clinical specimens. The hvKP isolates were identified by PCR amplification of virulence and capsular serotype-specific genes. Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae (hmKP) were identified by string test. Carbapenem-resistant hvKP (CR-hvKP), multidrug-resistant hvKP (MDR-hvKP), extensively drug-resistant hvKP (XDR-hvKP), and pandrug-resistant hvKP (PDR-hvKP) were determined by disc diffusion method, Carba-NP test and PCR method. XDR-hvKP isolates were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among all K. pneumoniae isolates 14 (26.9%) were identified as hvKP and 78.6% (11/14) of them were hmKP however, none of the classic K. pneumoniae (cKP) isolates were hmKP. The predominant capsular serotype of hvKP was K2 (42.85%) followed by K1 (35.71%). The prevalence of MDR-hvKP, XDR-hvKP and PDR-hvKP isolates were 6 (42.9%), 5 (35.7%) and 1 (7.1%), respectively. ESBL production was found in 85.7% of hvKP isolates and most of them carried bla TEM gene (78.6%) and 6 isolates (42.9%) were CR-hvKP. Among hvKP isolates, 1 (7.1%), 2 (14.3%), 3 (21.4%), 8 (28.6%), and 11 (78.6%) carried bla NDM-6, bla OXA-48, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, and bla TEM genes, respectively. According to MLST analysis, 2, 1, 1, and 1 XDR-hvKP isolates belonged to ST15, ST377, ST442, and ST147, respectively. The occurrence of such isolates is deeply concerning due to the combination of hypervirulence and extensively drug-resistance or pandrug-resistance.

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Cyathea gigantea (Cyatheaceae) as an antimicrobial agent against multidrug resistant organisms

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-019-2696-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathakali Nath ◽

Anupam Das Talukdar ◽

Mrinal Kanti Bhattacharya ◽

Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽

Shiela Chetri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Property ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Multidrug Resistant Organisms

Abstract Background Rapid emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms in hospital and community settings often result into treatment failure, thus leading the clinicians with fewer treatment options. Cyathea gigantea, an ethnomedicinally important fern used in cuts and wound infections. So, if this medicinal plant is used in treating the MDR infections then it might bring certain relief in future treatment options. Methods Antibacterial activity of C. gigantea against MDR bacteria was assed using well diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the diameters of growth inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Synergistic activity was also determined with the conventional antibiotics by disc diffusion method followed by FIC index of each of the tested antibiotic was calculated. The active extract was then subjected to fractionation by column chromatography and antibacterial activity was done with each of the collected fractions. Results Crude extract of C. gigantea was found to be active against all the tested organisms. The MIC was 200 μg/ml against Gram-positive i.e., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and 400 μg/ml against Gram-negative i.e., Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, while the MBC was 400 μg/ml in case of Gram-positive and 800 μg/ml for Gram-negative. The synergistic activity revealed that the plant extract increased the antibacterial property of the studied antibiotics and the FIC index showed that significant synergistic activity was shown by ciprofloxacin followed by tetracycline, ampicillin and oxacillin. Antibacterial activity with the fractionated extract showed that the FR II, FR III and FR IV were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas FR I, FR V and FR VI did not show antibacterial property against any of the tested bacteria. Conclusions Extracts of C. gigantea was found active against both selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and thus offers the scientific basis for the traditional use of the fern. The present study also provides the basis for future study to validate the possible use against multidrug resistant organisms.

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Antibacterial Activity of Alimentary Plants Against Staphylococcus aureus Growth

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x94000206 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (02) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Cristina Pérez ◽

Claudia Anesini

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Plant Material ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

Alimentary plants were screened for antibacterial activity against a penicillin G resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Twenty-five samples of plant material corresponding to 21 species from 13 families were used. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were obtained from them. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar-well diffusion method, using cephazolin as a standard antibiotic. Seventeen ethanol extracts were found active. Eugenia caryophyllata (clavo de olor*) flowers, Myristica fragans (nuez moscada*) seeds, Theobroma cacao (cacao*) seed bark, Triticum sp (trigo*) fruit, Zea mays (maíz*) fruit and Piper nigrum (pimienta*) ripe fruit produced some of the more active extracts (*= Argentine vulgar names).

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Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of N-Phenylpyrazolines from Veratraldehyde

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.901.124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 901 ◽

pp. 124-132

Author(s):

Artania Adnin Tri Suma ◽

Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih ◽

Deni Pranowo

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

Some novel N-phenylpyrazolines were synthesized and investigated for their antibacterial activitiy. Chalcones 2-4 which were prepared from acetophenone and veratraldehyde derivatives were reacted with phenylhydrazine to give N-phenylpyrazolines 5-7. All of the synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, GC-MS, and NMR spectrometers. Further, antibacterial activity of N-phenylpyrazolines were evaluated by agar well-diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Shigella flexneri. The highest activity (highest inhibition zone) of compound 5 was 2.6 mm (at 1000 ppm) against B. subtillis, compound 6 was 7.25 mm (at 1000 ppm) against S. aureus, and compound 7 was 6.75 mm (at 500 ppm) against S. aureus. The results indicated that compound 6 and 7 exhibited promising antibacterial activity.

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Antioxidant, anti-bacterial activity of Perilla frutescens ethanol extract and induction of hairy roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences ◽

10.32508/stdjns.v5i1.917 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. first

Author(s):

TRA DONG PHUONG ◽

LE THI MONG VUONG ◽

QUACH NGO DIEM PHUONG

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽

Hairy Roots ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Perilla Frutescens ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Specific Reactions ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

Perilla frutescens, a plant of the Lamiaceae, is commonly used for traditional medicine to treat diseases (cold, headache, cough, tympanites, poisoning, ...) because it contains many secondary compounds with bioactivities. Roots, stems and leaves of P. frutescens have been extracted with ethanol. These extracts have also been investigated antioxidant by DPPH method and antibacterial by agar-well-diffusion method. The results showed that these extracts possess antioxidant and antibacterial activity. By specific reactions, we found that phenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and glycosides were contained in all extracts of P. frutescens, but triterpenoids were only found in leaf extract. These secondary compounds are involved in the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of P. frutescens. Next, hairy roots of P. frutescens were induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834. The results suggested that leaves were the highest-efficiency (67.67 ± 3.51 % of samples produced hairy roots). 20 minutes of immersion and 72 hours of co-culture are optimal for induction of hairy roots. These results are a pre-requisition for further studies related to hairy root cultures aimed production of bioactive compounds.

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Antifungal Activity of Various Extracts of Seeds of the Plant Malva Parviflora (Linn)

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2586 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1409-1412

Author(s):

Jadhav Raina ◽

Parihar Sangeeta

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antifungal Agent ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Water As Solvent ◽

Malva Parviflora ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT: Development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is required for the treatment of various fungal disease.Plants and their extraction preparation have beenused as medicine against infectious diseases.The present study was aimed to study, the antifungal activity of the seeds of various seed abstract of plant Malva Parviflora (Linn). The antifungal activity of seeds extract of plant was determine by using agar well diffusion method,MIC(minimum inhibitoryconcentration) and MFC (minimum fungicidal count)by using micro dilution method . The seeds extract of the plant were examined using Methanol, Ethyl acetate ,Petroleum ether and water as solvent and tested against different fungi pathogens. From the result it can be concluded that the all the seeds extract shows the significant activity against the micro organism, hence these extract may be used as a source of antifungal agent obtained from herbal medicine and may be explore as new and effective antifungal agent. Various solvent extracts of the plant Malva parvifiora (Linn) have been found to possess enough antibacterial activity and may potentially be explored as human antifungal agent.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Extensively Drug Resistant Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v13i2.51786 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Fatima Afroz ◽

Shaheda Anwar ◽

Mashrura Quraishi ◽

GM Mohiuddin ◽

SM Ali Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

Carbapenems, often agents of last resort for multidrug resistant bacterial infections are now threatened by widespread dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Production of carbapenemases remain the most clinically important mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram pattern of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae. A cross sectional study was conducted at department of Microbiology and Immunology, BSMMU from September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 145 CRE isolates from different clinical samples were studied.Antimicrobial susceptibility was examinedby disk diffusion method and MIC of colistin by broth microdilution method. Resistant carbapenemase genes NDM and OXA-48 were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Out of 145 CRE isolates, 104 were NDM, 73 were OXA-48and 34 isolates were both NDM and OXA-48 co-producers. All the NDM and OXA-48 carbapenemase producing isolates were 100% resistant to meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and piperacillin + tazobactam. Resistance rates of reserved antimicrobials to treat CRE isolates were also alarming. Thirty seven percent, 9.6% and 5.5 % of OXA-48 carbapenemase producers and 26.0%, 10.6% and 2.9% of NDM carbapenemase producers were resistant to colistin, polymyxin B and tigecycline respectively.Among the carbapenemase producing isolates, 16.6% (24) were multidrug resistant (MDR), 82.1% (119) were extensively drug resistant (XDR) and 1.3% (2) isolates were pan drug resistantwhich highlights the emerging therapeutic challenge for these superbugs. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 7-10

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Molecular Composition and Antibacterial Effect of Five Essential Oils Extracted from Nigella sativa L. Seeds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: A Comparative Study

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6643765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mohammed Dalli ◽

Salah-eddine Azizi ◽

Hind Benouda ◽

Ali Azghar ◽

Maroua Tahri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Microdilution Method

Nigella sativa L. (NS) and its volatile compounds are well known for their broad spectrum of effects. This study aimed to investigate the variability of the chemical composition and the in vitro antibacterial activity of five essential oils (Eos) originated from Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, India, and France. These five samples were grown under different edaphic and climatic conditions. The agar diffusion method and microdilution method in 96-well plates were used to test the sensitivity of multidrug-resistant strains clinically isolated from patients (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii), for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration. Among all the investigated Eos, the monoterpenes were highly present in the chemical composition. Moroccan, Saudi Arabian, and Syrian seeds were characterized by the presence α-phellandrene (20.03–30.54%), β-cymene (12.31–23.82 %), and 4−caranol (9.77–14.27%). The Indian seeds were rich with 4-caranol (18.81%), β-cymene (14.22%), α-phellandrene (10.58%), and β-chamigrene (9.54%), while France NS was rich with estragole (20.22%) and D-limonene (14.63%). The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC) obtained for the four Eos (with the exception of France because of the low yield) tested were ranging from 3 to 40 μl/ml. Gram-positive (+) bacteria were slightly sensitive to the Eos tested than the Gram-negative (−) bacteria. The results of this study showed that the Eos of NS seeds show interesting antibacterial activity which could be associated to the existence of different bioactive compounds. Indeed, these compounds can be used for preventive or curative purposes in the face of the noncontrolled emergence of resistance to antibiotics.

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