scholarly journals Observations on the distribution of fat-soluble vitamines in marine animals and plants

1922 ◽  
Vol 93 (654) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Microscopical Study ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Different Seasons

The Norwegian fishery investigators have for many years been engaged in the study of the growth of fish, mainly the herring and the cod. By means of microscopical study of the scales of the fish it has been possible to determine the age of each individual fish, and by means of the assumption, which has been verified within certain limits, that there is a proportion between the length of the scale ( l s ) and the length of the fish ( l f ) ( i. e ., l s / l f = constant), it has been possible to calculate the “growth curve” of the fish in different years of its life, and in different seasons of the year. The results of this work, which have been summarised up to the year 1914, proved that the growth of the said fish in the Norwegian waters was confined to a few spring-and summer-months only, and that the growth of the fish entirely ceases during the winter season. Corresponding to the summer and winter zones, which are to be seen on the scales of the fish, we find a periodicity in the increase of length and weight of the fish, and a change in the quality of the fish at the different seasons of the year. The changes in the “quality” of the fish were very early observed to be associated with the changes occurring in the content of fat. Chemical analyses were made by Mr. H. Bull of the fat contents of herrings and sprats at different months of the year, and from these observations the conclusion was drawn that “the supply of fat increases during the summer and assimilated in winter. During the winter, part of the dry matter in the system is consumed and replaced by water, so that no great loss in weight is apparent. The quality of the fish, however, is considerably affected.”

scholarly journals Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Walter Quadros Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Sonia Maria Costa Celestino ◽  
Alberto do Nascimento Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Relationship

Quinoa stands out as an excellent crop in the Cerrado region for cultivation in the off-season or irrigated winter season. Here, we tested the effects of different water regimes on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and grain quality of different elite quinoa genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF, Brazil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of 18 quinoa genotypes and modified BRS Piabiru (the currently used genotype), and the split-plots were divided into 4 different water regimes. The following variables were evaluated: productivity and productivity per unit of applied water (PUAA), plant height, flavonoids, anthocyanins, gas exchange, chlorophyll, leaf proline, and relative water content. Our results showed that water regimes between 309 and 389 mm can be recommended for quinoa in the Cerrado region. CPAC6 and CPAC13 presented the highest yield and PUAA under high and intermediate WRs, and hence were the most suitable for winter growth under irrigation. CPAC17 is most suitable for off-season growth under rainfed conditions, as it presented the highest PUAA under the low WRs (247 and 150). CPAC9 stood out in terms of accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all WRs. Physiological analyses revealed different responses of the genotypes to water restriction, together with symptoms of stress under lower water regimes. Our study reinforces the importance of detailed analyses of the relationship between productivity, physiology, and water use when choosing genotypes for planting and harvest in different seasons.

Quality of potatoes in relation to soil and season I. The content of dry matter

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wager
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Difference

The dry-matter content of about 260 samples of potatoes was determined. The samples were collected over three seasons and from many types of soil.The average dry-matter content of a variety varied from season to season, but it always bore an approximately constant relationship to the average value of other varieties.Wet seasons led to potatoes low in dry matter.The variation in the content of dry matter of potatoes in different seasons and from different soil types is not a direct effect of the water balance of the tubers.The average content of dry matter of potatoes depends on the soil in which they were grown; fen and blackland gave potatoes with the lowest dry matter, followed by skirt, silt and warp, then loam and medium loam, then clay, and the highest dry matter occurred in stocks grown in sands, gravels or light loams.The difference between the soils is discussed, and it is tentatively concluded that the factor responsible for the variation in content of dry matter of the potatoes is the available water content of the soils.

scholarly journals Seasonal Fluctuations of Physical and Chemical Parameters of a Weir Basin in a Regulated West Norwegian River

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Baekken ◽  
A. Fjellheim ◽  
R. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Ionic Fluxes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Both before (1967-69) and after (1976-78) the regulation of the river Ekso in western Norway, physical and chemical analyses were made of the river water. After the regulation water samples for chemical analyses were taken at the inlet and outlet of a weir basin 375 m long which had recently been built to maintain the previous water level. The reduced water discharges and the increased water temperatures which followed the regulation presumably increased the amount and the quality of food available to detritusfeeding animals. The O2 content of the water was slightly reduced after the regulation. The pH was in the same range. Specific conductance (H20) and the concentrations of major ions before the regulation (Ca2+, Cl− NO3−-N, PO43−-P) and after the regulation (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, N03−-N. NH4+-N, PO43−-P) were also in the same range, but a distinct seasonal variation appeared after the regulation. These variations were thought to have three main reasons: 1) water discharge, 2) biological production, 3) nonspecified physicochemical relationships. Ionic fluxes through the weir basin were highest during the autumn. Only small differences were found between the inlet and outlet of the weir basin. Regression analyses based on the concentrations of major ions and water discharge after the regulation were made separatly for the summer and the winter season. H20 and SO42−-concentrations were not correlated to water discharge, Cl−-concentrations were positively correlated, whereas Ca2+ showed a negative correlation. Mg2+ and NO3−-N were not correlated to water discharge during the summer season, but showed a significant negative correlation during the winter.

scholarly journals Comparative seasonal assessment on the quality of Black Bengal goat oocytes in view of in vitro embryo production

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Shikha Sarkar ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Enayet Kabir ◽  
Falguni Dadok ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Zaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
In Vitro Embryo Production ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes provide an excellent opportunity for cheap and abundant embryos for carrying out animal improvement. With the aim for studying the quality of oocyte in different seasons of Black Bengal goat, both right and left ovaries were collected from the slaughter houses. For each of the specimens, gross parameters such as right, left, corpus luteum (CL)-present and corpus luteum (CL)-absent group were evaluated on the basis of weight (g), length (cm), width (cm), follicles aspirated and number and state of cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs), normal COCs and abnormal COCs, the effect of season on cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) of goat oocytes. Our study revealed that the average number of follicles and oocytes recovery rate were higher in summer than in winter season and recovery rate of grade A and B oocytes were higher in summer than that of in winter and recovery rate of grade C and D were higher in winter than that of in summer. In the present study a significantly greater number of oocytes per ovary were recovered from ovaries without a corpus luteum than from ovaries with a corpus luteum. So the summer was the best season for recovery of COCs which have a worthy competence to be matured in vitro. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (3), 78-87

scholarly journals Seasonal status of density of phytoplanktons and zooplanktons in Gomti river of Lucknow (U.P.), India

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Preety Singh
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Gomti River ◽  
Aquatic Food Chain ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Aquatic Food

Biodiversity of river Gomti is heavily affected by pollution. Planktons are important biological parameters to access the pollution level. Zooplanktons are the source of food for higher organism and phytoplankton play important role in biosynthesis of organic material and influence the river ecosystem, aquatic food chain and water characteristic. The biological productivity as ecological indicator to identify the ecological quality of river Gomti. The phytoplankton density fluctuated maximum in between the range of (140-900 In/l) during monsoon season and minimum (40-140 In/l) during winter season. Zooplanktons were reported to be highest (168-220 In/l) during winter and lowest (114-155 In/l) during summer season. During study period the total of phytoplanktons (17 sp.) and zooplanktons (10 sp.) were noticed during different seasons. Present study concluded that seasonal differences of planktons density will help in further planning of water management and their use for beneficial purpose like agricultural, drinking for mankind.

THE ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS BY TWO VARIETIES OF WHEAT GROWN ON THE BLACK AND GRAY SOILS OF ALBERTA

1936 ◽  
Vol 14c (7) ◽  
pp. 245-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Woodford ◽  
A. G. McCalla
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Gray Soil

Chemical analyses carried out at five stages of development of Reward and Red Bobs wheat grown on the black and the gray soils of Alberta showed that differences in soil and variety significantly influenced the composition of the plants.The weights of dry matter and all nutrients studied were higher for the black-soil plants.On the basis of percentage dry matter all nutrients, except phosphorus, were higher in the black-soil plants. Reward was higher than Red Bobs in nitrogen when grown on the black soil; and in ash, phosphorus and potassium when grown on the gray soil.The grain of gray-soil plants was higher in all ash constituents but lower in nitrogen. Varietal differences were more marked in the grain and straw of the mature plants, Reward grain grown on both soils being higher in nitrogen, ash, phosphorus and magnesium.The total weights, percentages, rates of absorption and ion ratios all indicated that nitrogen and sulphur were limiting the growth of wheat on the gray soil. It is suggested that the proportionately higher absorption of phosphorus from the soil was in compensation for the low availability of nitrogen and sulphur.The differences in original quality of the wheats grown on the two soils can be largely accounted for by the differences in protein content, and therefore nitrogen supply. Phosphorus absorption, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur balance, and the relation of ash to protein, are possibly important in determining the keeping properties of the flour.

scholarly journals Bromatological, Proximate and Ultimate Analysis of OFMSW for Different Seasons and Collection Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2639
Author(s):  
Isabella Pecorini ◽  
Elena Rossi ◽  
Renato Iannelli
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Lower Temperature

In order to study the quality of organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), five different municipalities in Tuscany were chosen for sampling according to the peculiarities of their collection systems. The five collection systems selected were sampled four times: during March, June, September and December, for a total of 20 picking analyses. In addition, emphasis was also given to the study of the variability of OFMSW composition related to ultimate, proximate and bromatological analyses. Road container collection systems proved to have a higher content of non-compostable and undesirable fractions (22%±1%) when compared to door-to-door systems (6% ± 1%). During months with lower temperature (March and December), the garden waste content in the OFMSW was negligible, with kitchen waste prevailing. This altered the physical chemical composition of OFMSW, which had a lower lignin content and higher methane production in the months with lower temperatures (272 ± 23 NLCH4 kgTVS−1) compared to June and September (238 ± 14 NLCH4 kgTVS−1). In general, the Tuscan OFMSW had a higher dry matter content (42%) than observed in previous studies. In conclusion, the result could direct possible future operators of anaerobic digestion plants towards the choice of dry and semi-dry technologies.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

scholarly journals The impact of regular sperm donation on bulls’ seminal plasma hormonal profile and phantom response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Kowalczyk ◽  
Elżbieta Gałęska ◽  
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska ◽  
Anna Szul ◽  
Leszek Hebda
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Donation ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the concentration of hormones in the seminal plasma, the bull maintenance system in the insemination station, and the regularity of sperm donation and the response to the phantom (libido level). An additional goal was to determine whether there is a relationship between the hormonal profile in the blood, the sperm plasma, the oxidative and antioxidant profile in the blood of bulls and the biometry of their testicles and scrotum, as well as the quality of their sperm in both different seasons and intensities of reproductive use. For the study, 220 healthy and sexually mature Polish Holstein–Friesian bulls were used. They all had normal libido and were fed equally. The animals were grouped according to the scheme: young (16–20 month/n = 60) and old (26–30 month/n = 60) including: individually housed (n = 30) and group housed (n = 30) young, old individually housed (n = 30) and group housed (n = 30) (n total animals = 120); young animals donating semen once a week (every Thursday) (n = 25) and sporadically (once every two months on a random day of the week) (n = 25), old animals donating semen once a week (every Thursday) (n = 25 ) and sporadic donors (once every two months on a random day of the week) (n = 25) (n total animals = 100). When analyzing the results of this study, it should be stated that regular use has a positive effect on the secretion of sex hormones in bulls. Higher levels of testosterone and lower levels of estradiol and prostaglandins resulted in higher sexual performance, expressed by a stronger response to the phantom. The differences in favor of regular use were independent of the bull's age. The results of our research illustrate that the quality of semen and its freezing potential may depend on the season and frequency of its collection, as well as on the age of the males.

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