scholarly journals Hypophysectomy of birds. I-Technique, with a note a on results

1934 ◽  
Vol 115 (794) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characters ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Base Of The Skull

Hypophysectomy is now performed readily in many mammals and amphibians, but so far it has apparently not been successfully accomplished in birds. Fischera (1905) attempted to cauterize the pituitary body of the fowl, but obtained only dubious results. In view of our increasing knowledge of the reproductive system and secondary sexual characters of birds, it is evident that hypophysectomy would open up a wide field of investigation for work on sex hormones. The parapharyngeal route for removing the pituitary was precluded by the large size of the gullet, while the temporal route seemed to offer little hope. The extensibility of the mouth tissues, however, suggested that a buccal approach would be practicable. It was found barely possible to open the beak sufficiently to give easy access to the back of the mouth, but a comparatively small incision in the thin elastic floor of the mouth provided a ready approach to the soft palate and the base of the skull. We have found it possible to remove the pituitary with comparative ease by this transbuccal route, and the present paper is devoted to a description of the exact technique of the operation. The following description applies primarily to the fowl; notes on the differences found in other birds are given in Section III.

Ayurvedic management of Leukoplakia - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makadia Krishna ◽  
Ronakgiri V. Gosai ◽  
Virpariya Jignesh ◽  
Chabhadiya Nilesh ◽  
Katrodiya Jayesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Premalignant Lesion ◽  
Allopathic Medicine ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a premalignant lesion described as “a predominant white lesion of the oral mucosa which cannot be defined as any other known lesion”. OL located on the floor of the mouth, soft palate and tongue are considered as high-risk lesions, while, in other areas, they may be considered as of low malignancy risk. A Forty five years old male patient had complaints of white lesion on left lat. Surface of tongue, along with burning sensation since 4-5 months. He was diagnosed with Leukoplakia and he had taken allopathic medicine for 4 to 5 times, but it was inversely relapsed, so he was treated with Pratisarana of Bibhitaka Churna and Rasayana Churna, Yastimadhu Ghanavati as lozenges along with Rasayana tablets orally for a period of 6 months. After 6 month therapy, white lesion became disappear and no burning sensation. Thus this patient was successfully treated with above therapy with no recurrence or any complications till date.

Diagnostic Approach to Retromolar Trigone Cancer by Multiplanar Computed Tomography Reconstructions

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Mazziotti ◽  
Ignazio Pandolfo ◽  
Tommaso D'Angelo ◽  
Achille Mileto ◽  
Carmela Visalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Parapharyngeal Space ◽  
Tonsillar Fossa ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth ◽  
Multiplanar Reconstructions ◽  
Retromolar Trigone

Neoplasms of retromolar trigone have important peculiarities due to their spatial relationships with the surrounding structures. Tumours that involve this area can extend to nearby muscles; adipose spaces; and other anatomic structures, such as the soft palate, the tonsillar fossa, the parapharyngeal space, and the floor of the mouth. In spite of a relatively quick diagnosis, the real extent of these tumours is typically underestimated at clinical examination. Our purpose was to propose a systematic approach to the use of multiplanar computed tomography reconstructions to evaluate normal retromolar trigone anatomy and the main pathways of spread for tumours that arise in this area. To our knowledge, only few reports exist in literature about this topic and none are about the usefulness of multidetector computed tomography and multiplanar reconstructions.

scholarly journals Possible Collaborative Network with Small Telescopes and a Standard CCD in Japan

1995 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 536-541
Author(s):  
Syuzo Isobe
Keyword(s):  
Detector System ◽  
Collaborative Network ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Large Size

AbstractThere are two obvious ways to make a quick survey work. A: A telescope with a wide field and a large size detector. B: Many telescopes with a rather narrow field and a small size detector. In Japan, there are now 47 telescopes with diameters of 50-100 cm dedicated to public use. If we develop a simple-to-handle detector system, non-professional observers at each public observatory would have the possibility of joining a collaborative survey network. We started a test observation which is expected to extend to a survey network.

scholarly journals Skull Base Inverted Papilloma: A Comprehensive Review

ISRN Surgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafik N. Wassef ◽  
Pete S. Batra ◽  
Samuel Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Inverted Papilloma ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Radical Excision ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Base Of The Skull

Skull base inverted papilloma (IP) is an unusual entity for many neurosurgeons. IP is renowned for its high rate of recurrence, its ability to cause local destruction, and its association with malignancy. This paper is a comprehensive review of the reports, studies, and reviews published in the current biomedical literature from 1947 to September 2010 and synthesize this information to focus on its potential invasion to the base of the skull and possible intradural extension. The objective is to familiarize the clinician with the different aspects of this unusual disease. The role of modern diagnostic tools in medical imaging in order to assess clearly the limits of the tumors and to enhance the efficiency and the safety in the choice of a surgical approach is pointed out. The treatment guidelines for IP have undergone a complex evolution that continues today. Radical excision of the tumour is technically difficult and often incomplete. Successful management of IP requires resection of the affected mucosa which could be achieved with open surgery, endoscopic, or combined approach. Radio and chemotherapy were used for certain indications. More optimally research would be a multicenter randomized trials with large size cohorts.

scholarly journals Sex Hormones and Immune Dimorphism

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Bhatia ◽  
Harmandeep Kaur Sekhon ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Major Factors

The functioning of the immune system of the body is regulated by many factors. The abnormal regulation of the immune system may result in some pathological conditions. Sex hormones of reproductive system are one of the major factors that regulate immune system due to the presence of hormone receptors on immune cells. The interaction of sex hormones and immune cells through the receptors on these cells effect the release of cytokines which determines the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of different types of immunocytes and as a result the outcome of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The different regulations of sex hormones in both sexes result in immune dimorphism. In this review article the mechanism of regulation of immune system in different sexes and its impact are discussed.

scholarly journals Insights into the perspective correlation between vitamin D and regulation of hormones: sex hormones and prolactin

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohannad E. Qazzaz ◽  
Mohammed N. Abed ◽  
Fawaz A. Alassaf ◽  
Mahmood H. M. Jasim ◽  
Mohanad Alfahad
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Abstract Aim. Vitamin D is currently an exciting research target, besides its obvious role in calcium homeostasis and bone health, enormous work is being directed at examining the effects of this vitamin on various biological functions and pathological conditions. Material and methods. The review of the literature and the analysis took about six months and was carried out through PubMed. This is a search engine opening mainly the MEDLINE database of trusted references. We called up all studies written in English that were published between the years 2004 to 2021 and that came through using the applied search terms, and analysed all those that met the criteria. Results. The endocrine system with its many glands and hormones and their essential roles in the maintenance of normal body functioning cannot be far from interactions with vitamin D. Male and female sex hormones are no exceptions and many studies have investigated the correlations between these hormones and vitamin D. As such, direct and indirect relationships have been found between vitamin D, its receptors or one of its metabolising enzymes with sex hormones and the development of reproductive organs in males and females. Conclusion. This review summarises the research investigating the associations of vitamin D with sex hormones and reproductive organs in males and females, and thus may pave the road for future studies that will investigate the clinical significance of vitamin D in the management of reproductive system disorders. Despite some conflicting results about the relationship between VD and the effectiveness of the reproductive system, many studies confirm the presence of receptors for this vitamin in the reproductive system, and this supports the direct or indirect relationship between VD and prolactin or VD and testosterone through PO4 and Ca2+ homeostasis, or production of osteocalcin. Therefore, VD is positively associated with semen quality and androgen status. Furthermore, a direct relationship between VD and the production of progesterone, estrogen and estrone in human ovarian cells has been supported by many studies.

scholarly journals HORMONE-ASSOCIATED METABOLIC DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY ORGANS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
George Khodorovskyi ◽  
Lyubov Panina ◽  
Tetiana Shchurko
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

There is emerging evidence of a possible relationship between the oral cavity and reproductive organs. Recent studies suggest these functional relations. The aim of this review was to synthesize the available evidence on this relationship. Clinical observation established that sex hormones enhance gingival inflammation in periodontal healthy women during pregnancy and that periodontal condition is associated with variation of sex hormones in blood. Estrogen regulates DNA synthesis in human gingival epithelial cells and periodontal ligament, estrogen reduces down regulation of cytokines. Estrogen and progesterone affect the periodontium via appropriate receptors (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor). They are localized in human periodontium, demonstrating that periodontal tissues are the target tissues for these hormones. Testosterone receptors are found in the periodontal tissues. It inhibits prostaglandin secretion and reduces interleukin production. At the same time testosterone stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, also enhances matrix synthesis by fibroblast, osteoblasts, and periodontal ligament. The role of testosterone in the formation of teeth is demonstrated in the paper. In females and males, in saliva there are sex steroid hormones. The study examined the entry mode of hormones into saliva. The results suggest that lipid soluble unconjugated steroids (estriol, testosterone, progesterone) enter saliva via intracellular route; the conjugated steroids (lipid insoluble (dehydroepiandrosterone, conjugated estrogens)) enter via the ‘tight junctions’ (infiltrations through the tight junctions between the acinar cells). Recent evidence indicates that organs of the oral cavity (salivary glands, periodontal tissues, oral epithelial cells mucus) produce ghrelin-hormone which affects organs of the reproductive system directly or indirectly via hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In all these organs, there is an appropriate receptor. In conclusion, the organs of oral cavity and organs of reproductive system are functionally linked by sex steroid hormones and ghrelin, besides that periodont can influence ovaries by neuro-reflectory link.  

scholarly journals Effects of Sub Lethal Concentrations of Sodium Fluoride on Sperm Activity and on the level of Sex Hormones of Adult Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Hadeel B. Al-Sabaawy ◽  
Bushra I. Al-Kaisie
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sperm Velocity ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Sperm Motion

In recent years, fluorosis caused many problems in humans and animals bodies. Dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, bone fractures, decreased birth rates, adverse effects on the male genital system, like damaging the structure of testes and epididymis and loosing fertilization ability can be considered as good examples of fluorosis. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the activity of sperm and the level of sex hormones including testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. For achieving this purpose, thirty adult albino male rats, aged between 90-100 days, were divided randomly into two treated groups with 10 rats for each group which were treated with 150, 300 ppm of sodium fluoride,respectively. In addition, 10 rats were kept as a control group. Sodium fluoride was offered to the treated groups in the drinking water to evaluate the toxic effect of NaF on male reproductive system, sperm concentration, sperm motion, and sperm velocity compared with control group. The findings revealed a significant decrease in the sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm motion, sperm velocity and the level of sexual hormones in comparison with the control group. It can be concluded that NaF may reduce the efficiency of male reproductive system, and reduce the levels of sexual hormones in rats

scholarly journals Influence of Fetoplacentary Insufficiency of Mothers on the State of Spermatogenesis of Male Offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Seliukova ◽  
◽  
K. V. Misyura ◽  
D. V. Morozenko ◽  
R. V. Dotsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
The State ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Testosterone Levels

The demographic situation in most countries of the European region, which includes Ukraine, is characterized as quite complex. Nowadays the question of the long-term effects of maternal fetoplacental insufficiency on the functioning of human body systems, in particular on the reproductive system of male offspring, remains open. It is known that negative factors during pregnancy can affect the development and existence of the individual. The purpose of the work was to study the long-term effects of fetoplacental insufficiency on the functioning of the reproductive system of adult male offspring born by mothers of different ages. Material and methods. The study was performed on healthy adult female Wistar rats, young (3 months) and mature (10 months) of reproductive age. 4 groups were formed: the 1st and the 2nd groups included intact animals of young and mature age; the 3rd and the 4th had females with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency of young and mature reproductive age. Modeling of fetoplacental insufficiency was performed by daily subcutaneous injection to females from the 12th to the 18th day of pregnancy 50% oil solution of carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 2 ml/kg body weight. We studied the state of spermatogenesis, weight of internal organs, sex hormones in mature male offspring of 3 months of age after decapitation. Results and discussion. Fetoplacental insufficiency leads to lower testosterone levels in all offspring born to mothers of different reproductive ages. The total level of estradiol remained almost unchanged, but still, in animals there was a shift in the ratio of sex hormones in the direction of hyperestrogenism. Experimental fetoplacental insufficiency in females of different reproductive ages also affected the mass of the testes, epididymis and adrenal glands in their male offspring. According to the indicators of the functional state of epididymal sperm in animals born by reproductively young females, the share of pathological forms of sperm decreased by 45%, in the offspring born by reproductively mature females with fetoplacental insufficiency decreased the number of motile sperm by 46% compared to the intact group of animals. Conclusion. The penetration of toxic substances into the mother's body leads to varying degrees of total xenobiotic load, followed by induction of neutralization reactions and the development of metabolic forms of fetoplacental insufficiency, changing the function of the endocrine system and causing adverse effects on the reproductive system. Fetoplacental insufficiency affects the reproductive function of adult male offspring born to mothers of different reproductive ages, which is manifested in a decrease in testosterone levels and deterioration of the spermogram, which in turn can lead to problems with impregnation

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