Activities of enzymes in β-carboxylation reactions and of catalase in cell-free preparations from the symbiotic dinoflagellates Symbiodinium spp. from a coral, a clam, a zoanthid and two sea anemones

1986 ◽  
Vol 228 (1253) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Stony Coral ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Glycollate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Symbiotic Dinoflagellates ◽  
Tridacna Maxima ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Levels

Cell-free extracts of cultured and freshly isolated symbiotic dinoflagellates, Symbiodinium spp, isolated from the stony coral Montipora verrucosa , the clam Tridacna maxima , the zoanthid Palythoa sp. and the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella were assayed for the enzyme systems involved in β-carboxylation and photorespiration. Markedly different levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4 . 1 . 1 .31; PEP-case) activity were demonstrated in extracts from the different algae. The activity of PEP-case in the algae from M. verrucosa was highest, being an order of magnitude higher than PEP-case in algae from Palythoa sp. and up to 25-fold higher than that in algae from A. pulchella and T. maxima . The algae from M. verrucosa also exhibited pyruvate-P i dikinase (EC 2 . 7 .9 .1) activity. When these data are combined with previous demonstrations of the existence of NAD malate dehydrogenase and NADP malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating; ‘malic enzyme’) in these algae, the indications are that they possess functional β-carboxylation enzyme systems. Past demonstrations of the photoassimilation of 14 CO 2 into glycollate by Symbiodinium spp. indicated photorespiration. The demonstration for the first time of activity of catalase (EC 1 . 11 . 1 . 6) when viewed in light of previous demonstrations of other composite enzymes of the photorespiratory pathway (e.g. phosphoglycollate phosphatase, glycollate dehydrogenase), add further confirmation to the disputed existence of a functional photorespiratory system in these symbiotic dinoflagellates.

Detection and Quantification of 7-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Epimers in Three Body Fluids

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hampl ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
Luboslav Stárka
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Three Body ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nanomolar Range ◽  
Detection And Quantification

3β,7α-Dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (1) (7α-OH-DHEA) and its 7β-hydroxy epimer 2 (7β-OH-DHEA) - 7α- and 7β-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone - were detected and quantified in three human body fluids: in blood serum, saliva and ejaculate. Specific radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used. For the first time the data on changes of these dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites are reported for a representative group of healthy subjects of both sexes (172 females and 217 males) during the life span. The serum levels of both 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone epimers in serum and also in semen were in the low nanomolar range, while concentrations by one order of magnitude lower were found in saliva, but still within the detection limit. The results will serve as a basis for comparative studies of 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone levels under various pathophysiological conditions, with a particular respect to autoimmune disorders.

scholarly journals Wheat Bread with Grape Seeds Micropowder: Impact on Dough Rheology and Bread Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Veronika Valková ◽  
Hana Ďúranová ◽  
Jana Štefániková ◽  
Michal Miškeje ◽  
Marián Tokár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Bread Properties ◽  
Electronic Eye ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe current study was designed to enhance the functionality of white bread by replacement of wheat flour with different levels (1%, 2%, 5%, and 8%) of grape seeds micropowder (GSMP) with nanosized particles (10 µm). Chemical composition of GSMP, volume and sensory attributes, evaluated with the panel of evaluators and an electronic nose (e-nose) and an electronic eye (e-eye) were investigated in the tested breads. It has been found out that GSMP contained appreciable amounts of flavonoids including catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid and minerals especially, Ca, K and Mg. The data from rheological analysis showed that the addition of GSMP (mainly at 5% and 8% levels) to the wheat flour had a positive effect on dough manifesting with rheology by increased dough stability. The volume of the experimental breads (above 1% concentration) was demonstrably declined (P < 0.0001) in comparison with the control bread. Sensory rating revealed that the bread fortified with 1% GSMP was judged by the consumer panelists as the most acceptable with the highest scores for all quality attributes which was also confirmed by the data of e-nose and e-eye. Our results suggest for the first time that 1% GSMP addition appears to be a promising functional ingredient to improve bread with required qualitative and sensory properties.

scholarly journals Corallimorpharians (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia) from the Argentinean Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4688 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
DANIEL LAURETTA ◽  
MARIANO I. MARTINEZ
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Submarine Canyon ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Stony Corals ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
First Time

Corallimorpharians are a relative small group of anthozoan cnidarians, also known as jewel sea anemones. They resemble actiniarian sea anemones in lacking a skeleton and being solitary, but resemble scleractinian corals in external and internal morphology, and they are considered to be the sister group of the stony corals. Corynactis carnea (=Sphincteractis sanmatiensis) is a small, common and eye catching species that inhabits the shallow water of northern Patagonia and the Argentinean shelf up to 200 m depth. Corallimorphus rigidus is registered for the first time from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It is a rather big and rare species that inhabits only the deep sea. Only two specimens were found at 2934 m depth in Mar del Plata submarine canyon, in an area under the influence of the Malvinas current, which may explain its occurrence. These two species are the only two known jewel sea anemones in the Argentinean sea and are reported and described herein. 

Ultra-Low Resistance Ni-Based Contacts to n-InP: the Dependence of Contact Resistivity on the Condition of the Metal-Semiconductor Interface

1993 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid S. Fatemi ◽  
Victor G. Weizer
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Process ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Contact Resistivity ◽  
Semiconductor Interface ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Process Use ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTNear-theoretical-minimum values of specific contact resistivity, ρc (in the mid-to-low E-8 Ω-cm2 range) have been achieved for Ni-based contacts to moderately doped (2E18 cm−3) n-type InP. In each case these values are an order of magnitude lower than those previously achieved. These ultra-low resistivities are shown to result when the metallurgical interaction rate between the contact metal and the semiconductor is sufficiently reduced. Several methods of reducing the metal-InP reaction rate and thus achieving lowered resistivity values are demonstrated. We show, for instance, that the introduction of a thin (100Å) Au layer at the metal-InP interface retards metal-semiconductor intermixing during sintering and results in a ten-fold reduction in pc. Another method consists of ensuring the perfection of the near-surface InP lattice prior to and during contact deposition process. Use of this technique has enabled us to fabricate, for the first time, Ni-only contacts with pc values in the low E-8 Ω-cm2 range. We present an explanation for these observations that is based upon the magnitude of the In-to-P atomic ratio at the metal-InP interface.

Inheritance of isozymes in seed and bud tissues of blue and Engelmann spruce

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Ernst ◽  
D. E. Keathley ◽  
J. W. Hanover
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Thirteen loci from 11 enzyme systems were identified among full-sib and half-sib progeny of blue and Engelmann spruce. Eleven of the loci were expressed in bud, embryo, and megagametophyte tissue; the remaining two loci were expressed only in embryo and megagametophyte tissue. There were no mobility differences observed between loci expressed in seed and bud tissues. The mode of inheritance for 10 of the loci was confirmed based on progeny genotypic distributions. For the two loci not expressed in bud tissue, acid phosphatase (Acp-2) and diaphorase (Dia-2), inheritance was inferred from pooled segregation ratios of megagametophytes from open-pollinated seed from heterozygous females. The inheritance of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (Got-3) was also inferred from segregation ratios and diploid embryo phenotypes of open-pollinated progeny owing to a lack of variability at this locus among the 40 parents in the mating design. Two loci, aldolase (Ald) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh-2), were monomorphic among the 20 parents of both species. Key words: isozymes, Engelmann spruce, blue spruce, Picea.

A formalism for the indirect Auger effect. II

1976 ◽  
Vol 347 (1651) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Auger Recombination ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Recombination Coefficient ◽  
Overlap Integrals ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Auger Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Auger Recombination Rate

The Auger recombination rate in indirect semiconductors with zincblende and diamond lattices is investigated, account being taken, for the first time, the properties of overlap integrals near symmetry points and axes. The effect of using theoretically estimated parameters is a reduction of the recombination coefficient by a factor 10. It is explained that the results, and those of the preceding paper, are still subject to uncertainties arising from the band structure so that only the order of magnitude of these coefficients can so far be regarded as known theoretically.

Urban cloverleaves: origin, aesthetics, and contradictions of the Slussen, Stockholm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Álvaro Clua Uceda
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Compact City ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Southern District ◽  
Stockholm Archipelago ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Historic City ◽  
Different Levels

On 11 October 1935, the inauguration of the Slussen urban cloverleaf took place in front of the excited citizens of Stockholm. It had the attributes of a pure traffic machine taken from the most advanced traffic engineering publications, and it expressed the optimistic cultural modernism that five years ago the Stockholm International Exhibition had promoted.1 This urban cloverleaf was made of translucent glass, reinforced concrete, metallic handrails, and reflective tiles and was meant to solve, in one single gesture, the complex urban link between the Lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea, between Gamla Stan – the historic city centre – and Södermalm – the southern district built on top of the 35-metre-high plateau [1]. The solution made difficult urban compromises between the foothills of the Brunkeberg topography, the smooth water surfaces of the Stockholm archipelago, the architecture of the historic urban tissue, and the demands of a complex articulated mobility. Boats, goods, suburban trains, subways, trams – later buses – pedestrians, cyclists, and automobiles finally converged on this place at different levels, completing the intricacies of a threedimensional geometry which, for the first time in history, was inserted into a compact city.

Transbilayer movement of fluorescent and spin-labeled phospholipids in the plasma membrane of human fibroblasts: a quantitative approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pomorski ◽  
P. Muller ◽  
B. Zimmermann ◽  
K. Burger ◽  
P.F. Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Aminophospholipid Translocase ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Complicating Factors ◽  
First Time

All phospholipids in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells are subject to a slow passive transbilayer movement. In addition, aminophospholipids are recognized by the so-called aminophospholipid translocase, and are rapidly moved from the exoplasmic to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. Though these principal pathways of transbilayer movement of phospholipids probably apply to all eukaryotic plasma membranes, studies of the actual kinetics of phospholipid redistribution have been largely confined to non-nucleated cells (erythrocytes). Experiments on nucleated cells are complicated by endocytosis and metabolism of the lipid probes inserted into the plasma membrane. Taking these complicating factors into account, we performed a detailed kinetic study of the transbilayer movement of short-chain fluorescent (N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl); NBD) and, for the first time, spin-labeled analogues of phosphatidylcholine (PC), -ethanolamine (PE), -serine (PS), and sphingomyelin (SM) in the plasma membrane of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. At 20 degrees C, the passive transbilayer diffusion of NBD analogues was very slow, and the choline-containing NBD analogues were internalized predominantly by endocytosis. Spin-labeled analogues of PC and SM showed higher passive transbilayer diffusion rates, and probably entered the cell by both passive transbilayer movement and endocytosis. In contrast, the rapid uptake of NBD- and spin-labeled aminophospholipid analogues could be mainly ascribed to the action of the aminophospholipid translocase, since it was inhibited by ATP depletion and N-ethylmaleimide pretreatment. The initial velocity of NBD-aminophospholipid translocation was eight to ten times slower than that of the corresponding spin-labeled lipid, and the half-times of redistribution of NBD-PS and spin-labeled PS were 7.2 and 3.6 minutes, respectively. Our data indicate that in human fibroblasts the initial velocity of aminophospholipid translocation is at least one order of magnitude higher than that in human erythrocytes, which should be sufficient to maintain the phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF THE FINANCIAL AND BUDGETARY SPHERE IN NORTH OSSETIA IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD (1917-1931)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.И. КОБАХИДЗЕ
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Different Levels

В статье впервые анализируются раннесоветские практики формирования финансово-бюджетной сферы Северной Осетии в контексте государственной политики управления финансами. Их изучение представляется актуальным в связи с очевидным параллелизмом с процессами первого постсоветского десятилетия, когда в России формировалось новое политическое и экономическое пространство, в котором были активно задействованы восстановительные хозяйственно-экономические механизмы, применявшиеся в 20-х гг. XX в. Становление финансовой и бюджетной системы в Северной Осетии рассматривается в ее тесной связи с ходом государственного строительства; отдельное внимание уделено вопросам налогообложения, формирования бюджетов разных уровней, конкретным показателям хозяйственно-экономического развития Осетии на разных этапах переходного периода и в рамках политико-экономических стратегий «военного коммунизма» и «новой экономической политики». Общая специфика исследуемых процессов обусловлена значительными политическими трансформациями, переживаемыми страной в ходе построения советского государства и социалистической экономики. В то же время анализ документов и материалов, в том числе впервые вводимых в научный оборот, показывает, что Осетия, оказавшись в советской системе власти и управления, приобрела собственный опыт построения основ государственности и ее институтов, в том числе в финансовой сфере. For the first time, the article analyzes the early Soviet practices of the formation of the financial and budgetary sphere of North Ossetia in the context of the state policy of financial management. Their study is relevant in connection with the obvious parallelism with the processes of the first post-Soviet decade, when a new political and economic space was formed in Russia, in which the restorative economic mechanisms used in the 1920s were actively involved. The formation of the financial and budgetary system in North Ossetia is considered in its close connection with the progress of state building; special attention is paid to the issues of taxation, the formation of budgets of different levels, specific indicators of economic development of Ossetia at different stages of the transition period and within the framework of political and economic strategies of “war communism” and “new economic policy”. The general specificity of the processes under study is due to the significant political transformations experienced by the country in the course of building the Soviet state and socialist economy. At the same time, the analysis of documents and materials, including those introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, shows that Ossetia, having found itself in the Soviet system of power and administration, has acquired its own experience in building the foundations of statehood and its institutions, in the financial sphere as well.

Mechanical Organization of Cantileverlike Sessile Organisms: Sea Anemones

1977 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
M.A. R. KOEHL
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Flexural Stiffness ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Anthopleura Xanthogrammica ◽  
Sessile Organisms

Engineering beam theory has been used to analyse the ways in which body shape and elastic modulus of two species of sea anemones affect their mechanical responses to flow. 1.Anthopleura xanthogrammica is exposed to wave action, but because it is short, wide, and thick-walled, maximum tensile stresses in its body walls due to flow forces are an order of magnitude lower than those in the tall, slim, thin-walled, calm-water sea anemone Metridium senile.2. The elastic modulus of M. senile body wall is more dependent on extension rate than is that of A. xanthogrammica. Because the extension rate of M. senile body wall in tidal currents is higher than that of A. xanthogrammica in wave surge, the moduli of walls from these species when exposed to such flow conditions are similar, between 0.1 and 0.3 MN.m−2.3. The flexural stiffness of M. senile is lowest in the upper column where the anemones bend in currents: this orients their filter-feeding oral discs normal to the currents. The flexural stiffness of A. xanthogrammica is one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of M. senile; A. xanthogrammica remain upright in wave surge and feed on mussels that fall on their oral discs.4. The deflexions of these anemones predicted using beam theory are consistent with those observed in nature.5. The critical stress to produce local buckling is an order of magnitude lower for M. senile than for A. xanthogrammica.6. Several general principles of the organization of cantilever-like sessile organisms are revealed by this study of sea anemones.

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