scholarly journals Aminopeptidase-N modulation assists lean mass anabolism during refuelling in the white-throated sparrow

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1943) ◽  
pp. 20202348
Author(s):  
Michael Griego ◽  
Joely DeSimone ◽  
Mariamar Gutierrez Ramirez ◽  
Alexander R. Gerson
Keyword(s):  
Lean Mass ◽  
Aminopeptidase N ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Zonotrichia Albicollis ◽  
Migratory Flight ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tissue ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

Songbirds meet the extreme metabolic demands of migration by burning both stored fat and protein. However, catabolizing these endogenous tissues for energy leads to organ atrophy, and reductions in gastrointestinal tissue can be as great as 50% of the pre-flight mass. Remarkably, during stopover refuelling birds quickly regain digestive mass and performance. Aminopeptidase-N (APN) is a brush-border enzyme responsible for late-stage protein digestion and may critically assist tissue reconstruction during the stopover, thus compensating for reduced gut size. We hypothesized that birds recovering from a fast would differentially upregulate APN activity relative to disaccharidases to rapidly process and assimilate dietary protein into lean mass. We fasted 23 wild-caught migratory white-throated sparrows ( Zonotrichia albicollis ) for 48 h to mimic mass reductions experienced during migratory flight and measured intestinal APN activity before the fast, immediately after the fast, and during recovery at 24 h and 48 h post-fast. Total fat mass, lean mass and basal metabolic rate were measured daily. We show that fasted birds maintain APN activity through the fast, despite a 30% reduction in intestine mass, but during refuelling, APN activity increases nearly twofold over pre-fasted individuals. This suggests that dynamically regulating APN may be necessary for rapid protein reconstruction during the stopover.

scholarly journals Glycomacropeptide, a low-phenylalanine protein isolated from cheese whey, supports growth and attenuates metabolic stress in the murine model of phenylketonuria

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (7) ◽  
pp. E885-E895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Solverson ◽  
Sangita G. Murali ◽  
Adam S. Brinkman ◽  
David W. Nelson ◽  
Murray K. Clayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Spleen Mass ◽  
Main Effects

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a mutation in the phenylalanine (phe) hydroxylase gene and requires a low-phe diet plus amino acid (AA) formula to prevent cognitive impairment. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) contains minimal phe and provides a palatable alternative to AA formula. Our objective was to compare growth, body composition, and energy balance in Pahenu2 (PKU) and wild-type mice fed low-phe GMP, low-phe AA, or high-phe casein diets from 3–23 wk of age. The 2 × 2 × 3 design included main effects of genotype, sex, and diet. Fat and lean mass were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and acute energy balance was assessed by indirect calorimetry. PKU mice showed growth and lean mass similar to wild-type littermates fed the GMP or AA diets; however, they exhibited a 3–15% increase in energy expenditure, as reflected in oxygen consumption, and a 3–30% increase in food intake. The GMP diet significantly reduced energy expenditure, food intake, and plasma phe concentration in PKU mice compared with the casein diet. The high-phe casein diet or the low-phe AA diet induced metabolic stress in PKU mice, as reflected in increased energy expenditure and intake of food and water, increased renal and spleen mass, and elevated plasma cytokine concentrations consistent with systemic inflammation. The low-phe GMP diet significantly attenuated these adverse effects. Moreover, total fat mass, %body fat, and the respiratory exchange ratio (CO2 produced/O2 consumed) were significantly lower in PKU mice fed GMP compared with AA diets. In summary, GMP provides a physiological source of low-phe dietary protein that promotes growth and attenuates the metabolic stress induced by a high-phe casein or low-phe AA diet in PKU mice.

scholarly journals Effects of daily 24-gram doses of rice or whey protein on resistance training adaptations in trained males

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Moon ◽  
Kayla M. Ratliff ◽  
Julia C. Blumkaitis ◽  
Patrick S. Harty ◽  
Hannah A. Zabriskie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Large (48-g), isonitrogenous doses of rice and whey protein have previously been shown to stimulate similar adaptations to resistance training, but the impact of consuming smaller doses has yet to be compared. We evaluated the ability of 24-g doses of rice or whey protein concentrate to augment adaptations following 8 weeks of resistance training. Methods Healthy resistance-trained males (n = 24, 32.8 ± 6.7 years, 179.3 ± 8.5 cm, 87.4 ± 8.5 kg, 27.2 ± 1.9 kg/m2, 27.8 ± 6.0% fat) were randomly assigned and matched according to fat-free mass to consume 24-g doses of rice (n = 12, Growing Naturals, LLC) or whey (n = 12, NutraBio Labs, Inc.) protein concentrate for 8 weeks while completing a standardized resistance training program. Body composition (DXA), muscular strength (one-repetition maximum [1RM]) and endurance (repetitions to fatigue [RTF] at 80% 1RM) using bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) exercises along with anaerobic capacity (Wingate) were assessed before and after the intervention. Subjects were asked to maintain regular dietary habits and record dietary intake every 2 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using 2 × 2 mixed (group x time) factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on time and independent samples t-tests using the change scores from baseline. A p-value of 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals on the changes between groups were used to determine outcomes. Results No baseline differences (p > 0.05) were found for key body composition and performance outcomes. No changes (p > 0.05) in dietary status occurred within or between groups (34 ± 4 kcal/kg/day, 3.7 ± 0.77 g/kg/day, 1.31 ± 0.28 g/kg/day, 1.87 ± 0.23 g/kg/day) throughout the study for daily relative energy (34 ± 4 kcals/kg/day), carbohydrate (3.7 ± 0.77 g/kg/day), fat (1.31 ± 0.28 g/kg/day), and protein (1.87 ± 0.23 g/kg/day) intake. Significant main effects for time were revealed for body mass (p = 0.02), total body water (p = 0.01), lean mass (p = 0.008), fat-free mass (p = 0.007), BP 1RM (p = 0.02), BP volume (p = 0.04), and LP 1RM (p = 0.01). Changes between groups were similar for body mass (− 0.88, 2.03 kg, p = 0.42), fat-free mass (− 0.68, 1.99 kg, p = 0.32), lean mass (− 0.73, 1.91 kg, p = 0.37), fat mass (− 0.48, 1.02 kg, p = 0.46), and % fat (− 0.63, 0.71%, p = 0.90). No significant between group differences were seen for BP 1RM (− 13.8, 7.1 kg, p = 0.51), LP 1RM (− 38.8, 49.6 kg, p = 0.80), BP RTF (− 2.02, 0.35 reps, p = 0.16), LP RTF (− 1.7, 3.3 reps, p = 0.50), and Wingate peak power (− 72.5, 53.4 watts, p = 0.76) following the eight-week supplementation period. Conclusions Eight weeks of daily isonitrogenous 24-g doses of rice or whey protein in combination with an eight-week resistance training program led to similar changes in body composition and performance outcomes. Retroactively registered on as NCT04411173.

scholarly journals Effects of carbohydrate ingestion before and during exercise on glucose kinetics and performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2220-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Febbraio ◽  
Alison Chiu ◽  
Damien J. Angus ◽  
Melissa J. Arkinstall ◽  
John A. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
And Performance

We investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion before and during exercise and in combination on glucose kinetics, metabolism and performance in seven trained men, who cycled for 120 min (SS) at ∼63% of peak power output, followed by a 7 kJ/kg body wt time trial (TT). On four separate occasions, subjects received either a placebo beverage before and during SS (PP); placebo 30 min before and 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 6.4% CHO solution throughout SS (PC); 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 25.7% CHO beverage 30 min before and placebo throughout SS (CP); or 2 g/kg body wt of CHO in a 25.7% CHO beverage 30 min before and 2 g/kg of CHO in a 6.4% CHO solution throughout SS (CC). Ingestion of CC and CP markedly (>8 mM) increased plasma glucose concentration ([glucose]) compared with PP and PC (5 mM). However, plasma [glucose] fell rapidly at the onset of SS so that after 80 min it was similar (6 mM) between all treatments. After this time, plasma [glucose] declined in both PP and CP ( P < 0.05) but was well maintained in both CC and PC. Ingestion of CC and CP increased rates of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) compared with PP and PC at the onset of, and early during, SS ( P < 0.05). However, late in SS, both glucose Ra and Rd were higher in CC and PC compared with other trials ( P < 0.05). Although calculated rates of glucose oxidation were different when comparing the four trials ( P < 0.05), total CHO oxidation and total fat oxidation were similar. Despite this, TT was improved in CC and PC compared with PP ( P < 0.05). We conclude that 1) preexercise ingestion of CHO improves performance only when CHO ingestion is maintained throughout exercise, and 2) ingestion of CHO during 120 min of cycling improves subsequent TT performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Time-Restricted Feeding on Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A8-A9
Author(s):  
Darin Ruanpeng ◽  
Sikarin Upala ◽  
Anawin Sanguankeo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: Time-restricted eating (TRE) or time-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting (IF) when food consumption is restricted to a 4–12 hour window, poses unique possible health benefits that allow the nutrient to work in harmony with circadian rhythm. Whether TRF is effective in weight loss and cardiometabolic profile compare to usual diet is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized control trials to investigate the weight and metabolic effects of TRF in humans. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from database inception to November 30, 2020. The search terms included time restricting feeding, time-restricted eating, periodic fasting, intermittent fasting, and periodic fasting. The eligibility criteria included a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effect of TRF as an intervention and control diet on weight and cardiometabolic risks in individuals with overweight (BMI 23–26.9 kg/m2 in Asian and 25–29.9 kg/m2 in others) or obesity (BMI≥27 kg/m2 in Asian and ≥30 kg/m2 in others) with study duration of at least 8 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in body weight between preintervention and postintervention. The secondary outcome is the change in total fat mass and lean mass, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Pool mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each outcome. Results: Four articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. There were 511 participants with BMI 24 kg/m2 and above and aged between 18 and 65. TRF was defined as a 4–8 hours ad-lib unrestricted eating in 24 hours. The control diet was defined as ad-lib eating per usual habits. There was a significant improvement in weight and body composition in the TRF group. The mean weight loss was -2.08 kg (95% CI: -3.49 to -0.68) greater among TRF group. There was a significant total fat mass and lean mass loss in the TRF group with the MD of -1.29 kg (95% CI: -2.04 to -0.54) and -0.59 kg (95% CI: -1.15 to -0.03), respectively. There was no significant change in HDL, LDL, or triglycerides comparing between TRF and control diet. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT showed that TRF with no calories restriction resulted in significant decreased in weight, fat mass, and a slight decreased in total lean mass compared with control diet. Our findings support TRF as an effective lifestyle intervention for weight loss.

scholarly journals Fat Intake Associations with Metabolic Profile and Body Composition in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes (P08-029-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Foley ◽  
Neda Akhavan ◽  
Kelli George ◽  
Shalom Siebert ◽  
Joseph Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Abstract Objectives Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is increasing in the United States, and can result in other disease states, such as heart disease and obesity. Fat consumption has become more common, due to new dietary recommendations as well as the rise in popularity of high fat diets. It is therefore of interest to analyze the associations of the prediabetic and type 2 diabetic state with regard to fat consumption as well as metabolic biomarkers and anthropometrics to draw possible connections between dietary patterns and physiological responses to them. Methods The biomarkers (lipid panel and glycemic control), anthropometric data, body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and food records of 62 prediabetic or type 2 diabetic participants were obtained. Correlations from the aforementioned variables were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Results Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was negatively associated with polyunsaturated fat consumption (r2 = –0.258, P < 0.05). Additionally, total fat (r2 = –0.300, P < 0.05) and trans fatty acid (r2 = –0.258, P < 0.05) intake was negatively associated with arm lean mass. High density lipoprotein (HDL) was negatively associated with arm (r2 = –0.305, P < 0.05) and leg lean mass (r2 = –0.360, P < 0.01), as well as android (r2 = –0.343, P < 0.01), gynoid (r2 =–0.353, P < 0.01), and total lean mass (r2 = –0.353, P < 0.01). Total fat and specific fat intake were not significantly associated with other metabolic biomarkers. Conclusions Fat has become less demonized as high fat diets have become more popular and as nutritional recommendations have changed, but in the absence of ketosis it may not be as beneficial for diabetic and prediabetic populations. Interestingly, fat intake was not negatively or positively associated with any biomarkers, except for the case of polyunsaturated fat intake, which was associated with lower LDL levels. Surprisingly HDL levels were associated with decreased levels of lean mass. Future interventional studies are needed to further examine the effects of fat intake, including amount and sources, in this population. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Inflammation status of healthy young men: initial and specific responses to resistance training

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna K. Ihalainen ◽  
Heikki Peltonen ◽  
Göran Paulsen ◽  
Juha P. Ahtiainen ◽  
Ritva S. Taipale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

Our primary aim was to study the effects of a 4-week preparatory resistance-training (RT) period followed by 12 weeks of 2 specific RT protocols (either hypertrophic-strength (HS) or strength-hypertrophy-power training) on inflammation markers and the possible relationship of the changes in abdominal fat and lean mass to the changes in inflammation status. A total of 82 healthy men were included in the study. Maximal concentric leg press strength (1-repetition maximum), total body lean mass, total body and abdominal fat mass, circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and selected adipocytokines (resistin, adiponectin, and leptin) concentrations were measured before and after 4 (wk4) and 16 weeks (wk16) of RT. After the initial phase of RT, on wk4, abdominal and total fat mass as well as plasma leptin concentrations were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), whereas muscle mass, IL-1ra, resistin, and MCP-1 concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05). During specialized training phase, at wk16, only HS led to further reduction in abdominal and total fat mass, resistin, and leptin (p < 0.05), whereas both training modes led to lower MCP-1 concentrations (p < 0.05). Abdominal fat mass and circulating leptin were reduced already after 4 weeks of RT. Simultaneously, circulating MCP-1 and resistin concentrations increased, possibly as markers of muscle adaptation and regeneration. The present findings also suggest that RT with hypertrophic focus is beneficial for further reductions in abdominal fat mass and to decrease circulating inflammatory markers.

Adverse effects of early bilateral oophorectomy on body composition: Results from a nationally representative sample of United States women.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1568-1568
Author(s):  
Pritesh S Karia ◽  
Corinne Joshu ◽  
Kala Visvanathan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Impact

1568 Background: Prior studies suggest that bilateral oophorectomy (BO), a common cancer prevention strategy, may be associated with adiposity. However, the impact of BO on lean mass, a potential marker of healthy aging, and whole-body composition is not known. Declines in lean mass have been linked to physical disability and mortality. We examined the association between BO and total and regional distribution of fat and lean mass in a cross-sectional study. Methods: The study population included women 35-70 years who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at enrollment as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 (N = 3,764). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between prior BO and tertiles of fat and lean mass. Models were adjusted for age, race, education, BMI at age 25, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, parity, oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy use. Results: Women with prior BO < 45 years (n = 346) had 2.9-times higher odds than women without BO (n = 3,212) of being in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of total fat mass (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.93-4.38) and 2.7-times higher odds of being in the lowest compared to the highest tertile of total lean mass (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.81-3.95). Results were similar when stratified by age at enrollment ( < 45, 45-54, and ≥55). Similarly, among women with normal BMI at enrollment, those with prior BO < 45 years (n = 74) had higher odds of being in the highest tertile of total fat mass (OR, 9.88, 95% CI, 2.21-44.00) and the lowest tertile of total lean mass (OR, 10.09; 95% CI, 2.72-37.46). These differences in body composition were most pronounced in the trunk region. No difference was observed in women with BO ≥45 years compared to women without BO. Conclusions: Women with a history of early BO experience significant changes in body composition, including increased fat mass and decreased lean mass, even while maintaining a normal BMI. If validated in future prospective studies, our results suggest that a comprehensive evaluation of body composition may be warranted in young women who undergo BO.

scholarly journals Osteocalcin as a Predictor of Body Composition in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1627-1627
Author(s):  
Rosemary DeLuccia ◽  
May Cheung ◽  
Asma Altasan ◽  
Sumer Al-Ani ◽  
Rushali Parekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
Serum Ionized Calcium ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine if body composition and nutrient status are dependent on serumosteocalcin concentrations in healthy adults. Methods Adults 20 to 70 years of age completed fasting blood sampling to measure serum ionized calcium concentrations, serum ionized magnesium concentrations, and serum total osteocalcin concentrations. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry was also completed to measure body composition variables including body mass index (BMI), total fat mass, total fat freemass, total lean mass, android fat, gynoid fat, trunk fat, and visceral adipose tissue. Results A sample of 60 women and 78 men with a median age of 33.0 (21.0) years were categorized into two groups accordingto the median osteocalcin concentration measured: low osteocalcin (12.11 ± 2.72 ng/mL), and high osteocalcin (26.80 ± 9.72 ng/mL). Means, standard deviations, medians and interquartile ranges were calculated and independent t-tests, and Mann Whitney U tests were conducted to determine differences between groups in body composition variables. Total fat mass, total fat percentage, android fat, trunk fat, and trunk fat percentage were all significantly higher, and totalfat free mass, fat free mass percentage, total lean mass, lean mass percentage, serum ionized calcium concentrations, and serum ionized magnesium concentrations were all significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) in the low osteocalcin groupcompared to the high osteocalcin group. There were no differences (P &gt;0.05) between groups in weight, gynoid fat, visceral adiposity tissue, or visceral adiposity tissue percentage. Conclusions The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that serum osteocalcin concentrations can predict bodycomposition. Interventional studies should consider methods to alter osteocalcin concentrations through vitamin ormineral supplementation as a means to improve body composition in adults. Funding Sources American Heart Association; Drexel University.

scholarly journals Variation in The Body Composition in Pre-Menopausal & Post-Menopausal Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
MN Kamal ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
ASMM Rahman ◽  
MJ Rahman ◽  
MM Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Post Menopausal

Menopause is an important hallmark for women because lots of changes occur in the body secondarily due to diminished ovarian function. This comparison study was carried out in the Department of Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University to describe the variation of body composition and to observe the variation of body density, fat deposition among pre and post menopausal women. For this 50 patients of Pre menopausal and post menopausal women aged from 35 to 55 years were taken in this study. The average duration of which was 6 months. The patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Main outcome measures were mean value of height, weight and age of menarch, body mass index, total fat mass amount, percentage of body fat(%), lean mass amount( kg), lumbar spine BMD, waist to hip ratio. Mean values of body mass index, total fat mass amount, percentage of body fat (%), lean mass amount (kg), lumbar spine BMD, waist measurement, hip measurement, waist to hip ratio were higher in pre menopausal group than post menopausal group. The study concluded that bone mineral density is greater in pre-menopausal women than post-menopausal women and remains high up to 35-40 years of age, and declines to older age. BMD positively correlates with weight of women. Premenopausal women have higher height than postmenopausal women though height does not have correlation with BMD in this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i3.18957 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol.41(3): 38-41

Decline in Muscle Strength and Performance Predicts Fracture Risk in Elderly Women and Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e3363-e3373
Author(s):  
Dima Alajlouni ◽  
Dana Bliuc ◽  
Thach Tran ◽  
John A Eisman ◽  
Tuan V Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Context Muscle strength and performance are associated with fractures. However, the contribution of their rate of decline is unclear. Objective To assess the independent contribution of the rate of decline in muscle strength and performance to fracture risk. Design, Setting, and Participants Community-dwelling women (n = 811) and men (n = 440) aged 60 years or older from the prospective Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study followed from 2000 to 2018 for incident fracture. Clinical data, appendicular lean mass/height2 (ht)2, bone mineral density, quadricep strength/ht (QS), timed get-up-and-go (TGUG), 5 times repeated sit-to-stand (5xSTS), and gait speed (GS) measured biennially. Rates of decline in muscle parameters were calculated using ordinary least squares regression and fracture risk was assessed using Cox’s models. Main Outcome Incident low-trauma fracture ascertained by x-ray report. Results Apart from lean mass in women, all muscle parameters declined over time. Greater rates of decline in physical performance were associated with increased fracture risk in women (Hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 2.1 (95% CI: 1.5–2.9) for GS to 2.7 (95% CI: 1.9–3.6) for 5xSTS, while in men only the decline in GS was associated with fracture risk (HR: 3.4 [95% CI: 1.8–6.3]). Baseline performance and strength were also associated with increased fracture risk in men (HRs ranging from 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1–3.0) for QS to 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5–4.1) for TGUG, but not in women. Conclusion Rate of decline in physical performance in both genders, and baseline strength and performance in men, contributed independently to fracture risk. Sit-to-stand and GS were the tests most consistently associated with fractures. Further studies are required to determine whether muscle strength and/or performance improve the predictive accuracy of fracture prediction models.

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