scholarly journals Vibrations of rifle barrels

1901 ◽  
Vol 68 (442-450) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  

It has long been known that a shot fired from a rifle does not in general start from the muzzle in the direction occupied by the axis of the barrel at the first moment of ignition of the charge. The late W. E. Metford was, I believe, the first to point out the origin of this deviation, showing by experiment that it was due to the unsymmetrical position which the mass of the stock held as regards the barrel; and, further, that if the initial direction of the shot passed below the apparent direction of aim when the rifle was held in the ordinary position, the initial direction would be high if the rifle were aimed upside down, and to the right or left if the plane of the stock were horizontal and the stock itself to the left or right of the barrel.

1945 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
JOSEPH BARCROFT ◽  
D. H. BARRON

1. A method (the needle method) is described for the measurement of the pressure in the stream going through a vessel. 2. In the foetal sheep the needle method applied to the umbilical artery gives substantially the same results as the mercurial manometer applied to the carotid, until about half-way through the gestation period. 3. As gestation proceeds the needle method applied at the first moment at which it can be applied to the umbilical artery (or a branch) gives readings substantially lower, and increasingly lower as gestation proceeds, than does the mercurial manometer read at the first moment at which it can be read. 4. The discrepancy is due to the sum of a number of causes which are discussed, but of these the most important is an actual rise of pressure between the time of delivery and the completion of the dissections contingent on the use of the mercurial manometer. 5. The cause of this is not at present demonstrated, but either or both of two factors may be concerned: (a) a dulling of the central nervous system which weakens the depressor reflex; (b) the establishment of a greater degree of vasomotor tone consequent on the bombardment of the central nervous system with sensory stimuli. 6. The pulse rates in utero and just after delivery of the foetus into a saline bath at 39-40°C. (the umbilical circulation being unimpaired) are not significantly different. 7. The pulse rate quickens up to the 70th-80th day, after which it becomes slower as gestation proceeds. 8. If both vagi be severed, the pulse rate te to quicken throughout gestation. The pulse, therefore, comes increasingly under vagus inhibition from the 80th-90th day onwards. 9. Even after the vagi have been cut after the 120th day (it has not been tried before) adrenalin in sufficient quantity will cause a further quickening of the pulse. 10. The earliest date at which stimulation of the peripheral end of the right vagus was observed to slow the heart was the 77th day. On the 85th day peripheral stimulation of the left vagus also failed, but succeeded on the 101st day. 11. Central stimulation of the left vagus, with the right vagus intact, produced slowing on the 77th day. 12. Slowing of the heart synchronous with rise of arterial pressure has been observed on the 111th day. 13. Slowing of the heart which bears evidence of being reflex has been obtained by raising the blood pressure (clamping the cord) on the 121st day and by injection of adrenalin on the 118th day. 14. Approaching term both the carotid sinus and cardiac depressor mechanisms are functional. 15. Lowering of the blood pressure as the result of stimulation of the central end of the vagus and with both vagi severed can be demonstrated late in gestation.


2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Gensabella Furnari

L’impostazione classica della questione bioetica dell’eutanasia attraverso il paradigma dei principi conduce a risolvere la questione con un sì, se si privilegia il principio di autonomia, o con un no se si dà il primato al principio dell’indisponibilità della vita. Il saggio muove dalla proposta che sia possibile un altro approccio, basato sull’interazione, suggerita come linea metodica da Warren T. Reich, del paradigma dei principi con gli altri paradigmi della bioetica: l’esperienza, la cura, la virtù. Il primo momento è ripensare l’eutanasia come l’oggetto di una domanda che viene dalla sofferenza e che, come tale, va accolta ed interpretata in un contesto di relazione. A differenza del suicidio, non vi è qui un darsi la morte, ma un domandare la morte all’altro. L’attenzione etica va spostata dal far centro esclusivamente sull’autonomia al focalizzarsi anche e soprattutto sulla relazione, in particolare sulla complessità e le contraddizioni che segnano oggi la relazione tra il paziente e il medico. Anche se chiede una “cura” limite, paradossale che non può essere data, pena la contraddizione e il ribaltamento degli stessi fini della medicina, la domanda di eutanasia non può restare inevasa, ma deve essere accolta, ri-aperta con l’attenzione che il paradigma di cura impone, con l’humanitas che il paradigma di virtù ci consegna. L’attenzione etica all’esperienza di chi domanda la morte diviene il primo momento per trovare una conciliazione tra momenti apparentemente antitetici, come la sacralità e la qualità della vita, per cogliere la complementarità tra diritti apparentemente antitetici come il diritto ad essere lasciati soli e il diritto a non essere lasciati soli, per sostenere insieme la liberazione dal dolore fisico e la liberazione del dolore dell’anima. Spostando il punto di vista dalla libertà alla relazione, il saggio vuole indicare l’impossibilità etica di dire di sì all’eutanasia proprio sul versante della relazione, ponendo al tempo stesso l’accento non solo sulla responsabilità che il dire di sì comporta, ma anche sulle altre responsabilità di cui la domanda di eutanasia ci fa carico: le responsabilità che riguardano la situazione da cui trae origine, e le altre che riguardano ciò che rimane da fare per rispondere alla richiesta di aiuto e di cura che la domanda sottende. Con il movimento proprio dell’etica della cura, il saggio vuole proporre di non risolvere il dilemma in cui la questione bioetica dell’eutanasia sembra costringerci, rinunciando alla vita o alla libertà, ma di provare a ridefinire il contesto da cui il dilemma ha origine, in modo tale che sia possibile tenere insieme vita e libertà. ---------- Classical approach to the problem of the euthanasia, through the paradigm of the principles conducts to solve the matter with a yes, if the principle of autonomy is privileged, or with a no if the primacy is given to the principle of the unavailability of the life. This paper moves from the proposal that another approach is possible, based on the interaction, suggested as methodic line by Warren T. Reich, of the paradigm of the principles with the other paradigms of the bioethics: the experience, the care, the virtue. The first moment is to consider the euthanasia as the object of a question that comes from the suffering and that, as such, it must be welcomed and interpreted in a context of relationship. Unlike the suicide there is not here a killing oneself, but an asking other for death. The ethical attention must be moved from the exclusive center of autonomy to the relationship, particularly on the complexity and the contradictions that mark the physician-patient relationship between today. Even if it asks a limit “care”, paradoxical that cannot be given, or the aims of the medicine itself would be contradicted and overturned, the question of euthanasia cannot stay outstanding, but must be welcomed, opened again with the attention that the paradigm of care imposes, with the humanitas that the paradigm of virtue delivers us. The ethical attention to the experience of whom asks the death it becomes the first moment to find a conciliation among apparently antithetical moments, as the sacredness and the quality of the life, to gather the complementarity among apparently antithetical rights as the right to be left alone and the right not to be left alone, to sustain together the liberation from the physical pain and the liberation from the pain of the soul. Moving the point of view from freedom to relationship the paper wants to point out the ethical impossibility to say yes to the euthanasia just on the side of the relationship, at the same time setting the accent not only on the responsibility that saying yes means, but also on the other responsibilities of which the question of euthanasia ask us: the responsibilities derived by the situation and the others concerning what to answer to the help request and care that the question subtends. In the way proper of the ethics of the care, the paper proposes not to solve the dilemma of the euthanasia abdicating to the life or to the liberty, but trying to redefine the context from which the dilemma has origin, in such way that it is possible to hold together life and liberty.


2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2956-2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Soechting ◽  
Martha Flanders

A frequent goal of hand movement is to touch a moving target or to make contact with a stationary object that is in motion relative to the moving head and body. This process requires a prediction of the target's motion, since the initial direction of the hand movement anticipates target motion. This experiment was designed to define the visual motion parameters that are incorporated in this prediction of target motion. On seeing a go signal (a change in target color), human subjects slid the right index finger along a touch-sensitive computer monitor to intercept a target moving along an unseen circular or oval path. The analysis focused on the initial direction of the interception movement, which was found to be influenced by the time required to intercept the target and the target's distance from the finger's starting location. Initial direction also depended on the curvature of the target's trajectory in a manner that suggested that this parameter was underestimated during the process of extrapolation. The pattern of smooth pursuit eye movements suggests that the extrapolation of visual target motion was based on local motion cues around the time of the onset of hand movement, rather than on a cognitive synthesis of the target's pattern of motion.


Caderno CRH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 020014
Author(s):  
André De Macedo Duarte

<p><span>Este texto discute o significado da noção de um “direito a ter direitos”, introduzida por Hannah Arendt no contexto de sua análise dos elementos sócio-históricos e políticos que se cristalizaram na forma de domínio totalitária. Num primeiro momento, apresento rapidamente o contexto em que a noção fez sua aparição no interior da obra Origens do totalitarismo. Num segundo momento, apresento a interpretação proposta por Seyla Benhabib para aquele preceito arendtiano, que o situa num plano teórico epistemológico-moral e o refere ao projeto de um cosmopolitanismo neokantiano. Num terceiro momento, argumento a favor de uma leitura propriamente política daquela noção arendtiana, divergindo da leitura de Benhabib. Finalmente, num quarto e último momento, apresento a interpretação proposta por Butler para a noção arendtiana do direito a ter direitos, a qual explicita sua dimensão político-performativa, revelando-se assim sua importância para pensarmos manifestações políticas contemporâneas em um contexto de privação de direitos. Concluo que a interpretação de Butler é mais consoante com o pensamento político de Arendt.</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><div><p class="trans-title"><strong>RIGHT TO HAVE RIGHTS AS POLITICAL PERFORMATIVITY: Rereading Arendt with Butler</strong></p><p class="sec">ABSTRACT</p><p>This text intends to discuss Hannah Arendt’s notion about the “right to have rights”, introduced in her analysis of the socio-historical and political elements that later crystalized in the totalitarian domination. In a first moment, I briefly present the original context in which thatArendtian notion was proposed in The Origins of Totalitarianism. In a second moment, I present the way Seyla Benhabib interpreted that Arendtian notion, byemphasizingits allegedly epistemological and moral implications in the context ofa Neokantian cosmopolitanism. In a third moment, I shall argue for a political interpretation of that Arendtian precept, in a clear contrast to Benhabib’s reading of it.Finally, in a fourth moment, I present Judith Butler’s interpretation of the Arendtian notion about the right to have rights, which emphasizes its political-performative dimension, thus highlighting its importance to understand certain contemporary political movements performed under conditions of deprivation of rights. I conclude that Butler’s interpretation is more akin to Arendt’s political thinking.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Arendt; Right to have rights; Benhabib; Butler; Political performativity</p></div><div><p class="trans-title"><strong>LE DROIT À AVOIR DES DROITS COMME PERFORMATIVITÉ POLITIQUE: rélire Arendt avec Butler</strong></p><p class="sec">ABSTRACT</p><p>Ce texte se propose de discuter la notion de Hannah Arendt autour du « droit à avoir des droits », introduit dans son analyse des éléments socio-historiques et politiques qui se sont cristallisés dans la domination totalitaire. Dans un premier moment, je présente brièvement le contexte original dans lequel la notion d’Arendt était formulée dans Origines du Totalitarisme. Dans un second moment, je présent la manière dont SeylaBenhabib a interprétée cette notion, en affirmant sa portée epistémologico-moral dans le contexte du projet d’un cosmolopolitisme d’inspiration néokantien. Dans un troisième moment je propose une interprétation notamment politique du précepte arendtien, dans un sens divers de celui proposé par Benhabib. Finalement, dans un quatrième moment, je présent l’interprétation du droit à avoir des droits tel que proposée par Judith Butler, laquelle relève sa portée politico-performative et, donc, son importance pour réfléchir sur des mouvements politiques menés à bout dans des conditions de privation de droits. Je considère que la lecture de Butler est plus en syntonie avec la pensée d’Arendt.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Arendt; Droit à avoir droits; Benhabib; Butler; Performativité politique.</p></div>


Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.


Author(s):  
J. Taft∅

It is well known that for reflections corresponding to large interplanar spacings (i.e., sin θ/λ small), the electron scattering amplitude, f, is sensitive to the ionicity and to the charge distribution around the atoms. We have used this in order to obtain information about the charge distribution in FeTi, which is a candidate for storage of hydrogen. Our goal is to study the changes in electron distribution in the presence of hydrogen, and also the ionicity of hydrogen in metals, but so far our study has been limited to pure FeTi. FeTi has the CsCl structure and thus Fe and Ti scatter with a phase difference of π into the 100-ref lections. Because Fe (Z = 26) is higher in the periodic system than Ti (Z = 22), an immediate “guess” would be that Fe has a larger scattering amplitude than Ti. However, relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations show that the opposite is the case for the 100-reflection. An explanation for this may be sought in the stronger localization of the d-electrons of the first row transition elements when moving to the right in the periodic table. The tabulated difference between fTi (100) and ffe (100) is small, however, and based on the values of the scattering amplitude for isolated atoms, the kinematical intensity of the 100-reflection is only 5.10-4 of the intensity of the 200-reflection.


Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Michael Moseley

A redesigned specimen holder and cap have made possible the freeze-etching of both fracture surfaces of a frozen fractured specimen. In principal, the procedure involves freezing a specimen between two specimen holders (as shown in A, Fig. 1, and the left side of Fig. 2). The aluminum specimen holders and brass cap are constructed so that the upper specimen holder can be forced loose, turned over, and pressed down firmly against the specimen stage to a position represented by B, Fig. 1, and the right side of Fig. 2.


Author(s):  
K.S. McCarty ◽  
N.R. Wallace ◽  
W. Litaker ◽  
S. Wells ◽  
G. Eisenbarth

The production of adrenocorticotropic hormone by non-pituitary carcinomas has been documented in several tumors, most frequently small cell carcinoma of the lung, islet cell carcinomas of the pancreas, thymomas and carcinoids. Electron microscopy of these tumors reveals typical membrane-limited "neurosecretory" granules. Confirmation of the granules as adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) requires the use of OsO4 as a primary fixative to give the characteristic cored granule appearance in conjunction with immunohistochemical demonstration of the hormone peptide. Because of the rarity of ectopic ACTH production by mammary carcinomas and the absence of appropriate ultrastructural studies in the two examples of such ectopic hormone production in the literature of which we are aware (1,2), we present biochemical and ultrastructural data from a carcinoma of the breast with apparent ACTH production.The patient had her primary tumor in the right breast in 1969. The tumor recurred as visceral and subcutaneous metastases in 1976 and again in 1977.


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