scholarly journals On the mathematical foundations of theoretical statistics

1922 ◽  
Vol 222 (594-604) ◽  
pp. 309-368 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
General Proof ◽  
Statistical Science ◽  
Mathematical Foundations ◽  
Anomalous State

Several reasons have contributed to the prolonged neglect into which the study of statistics, in its theoretical aspects, has fallen. In spite of the immense amount of fruitful labour which has been expended in its practical applications, the basic principles of this organ of science are still in a state of obscurity, and it cannot be denied that, during the recent rapid development of practical methods, fundamental problems have been ignored and fundamental paradoxes left unresolved. This anomalous state of statistical science is strikingly exemplified by a recent paper entitled "The Fundamental Problem of Practical Statistics," in which one of the most eminent of modern statisticians presents what purports to be a general proof of BAYES' postulate, a proof which, in the opinion of a second statistician of equal eminence, "seems to rest upon a very peculiar -- not to say hardly supposable -- relation."

Recent Patents on the Angular Contact Ball Bearing of High-Speed Motorized Spindle

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Bao ◽  
Linkai Wu ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Chengyi Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Angular Contact Ball Bearing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Background:: Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development. Objective:: By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings. Methods:: Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis. Results:: With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance. Conclusion:: With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.

Toxicology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Laumbach ◽  
Michael Gochfeld
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Threshold Doses

This chapter describes the basic principles of toxicology and their application to occupational and environmental health. Topics covered include pathways that toxic substances may take from sources in the environment to molecular targets in the cells of the body where toxic effects occur. These pathways include routes of exposure, absorption into the body, distribution to organs and tissues, metabolism, storage, and excretion. The various types of toxicological endpoints are discussed, along with the concepts of dose-response relationships, threshold doses, and the basis of interindividual differences and interspecies differences in response to exposure to toxic substances. The diversity of cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, including enzyme induction and inhibition, oxidative stress, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and teratogenesis, are discussed and the chapter concludes with examples of practical applications in clinical evaluation and in toxicity testing.

scholarly journals Chiral Recognition for Chromatography and Membrane-Based Separations: Recent Developments and Future Prospects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Xuecheng Zhu ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Huilin Liu ◽  
Baoguo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Chiral Molecules ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Chiral Drugs ◽  
Recognition Mechanism ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Recent Developments

With the rapid development of global industry and increasingly frequent product circulation, the separation and detection of chiral drugs/pesticides are becoming increasingly important. The chiral nature of substances can result in harm to the human body, and the selective endocrine-disrupting effect of drug enantiomers is caused by differential enantiospecific binding to receptors. This review is devoted to the specific recognition and resolution of chiral molecules by chromatography and membrane-based enantioseparation techniques. Chromatographic enantiomer separations with chiral stationary phase (CSP)-based columns and membrane-based enantiomer filtration are detailed. In addition, the unique properties of these chiral resolution methods have been summarized for practical applications in the chemistry, environment, biology, medicine, and food industries. We further discussed the recognition mechanism in analytical enantioseparations and analyzed recent developments and future prospects of chromatographic and membrane-based enantioseparations.

scholarly journals An Identity-Based Blind Signature Scheme Using Lattice with Provable Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Quanrun Li ◽  
Chingfang Hsu ◽  
Debiao He ◽  
Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo ◽  
Peng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Random Oracle Model ◽  
Random Oracle ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Blind Signature ◽  
Signature Scheme ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Universal Quantum ◽  
Identity Based

With the rapid development of quantum computing and quantum information technology, the universal quantum computer will emerge in the near decades with a very high probability and it could break most of the current public key cryptosystems totally. Due to the ability of withstanding the universal quantum computer’s attack, the lattice-based cryptosystems have received lots of attention from both industry and academia. In this paper, we propose an identity-based blind signature scheme using lattice. We also prove that the proposed scheme is provably secure in the random oracle model. The performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme has less mean value of sampling times and smaller signature size than previous schemes. Thus, the proposed scheme is more suitable for practical applications.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT OF AN ACCOUNTANT UNDER UNCERTAINTY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Melnychuk ◽  
◽  
Oksana Lopatovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Variable Characteristic ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
The Cost

The modern accountant works in extremely difficult conditions, which is associated with the rapid development of the service economy, which leads to the formation of new and complex business processes and operations. Since all transactions must be reflected in the accounting system of the enterprise, there is a need to find sound methods that allow to implement it within the existing legal field. However, domestic legislation in the field of accounting and taxation is increasingly undergoing changes that are not always relevant and systematic. As a result, the accountant in his work is faced with problematic issues that need to be addressed immediately. However, the solution of such problems is not always directly regulated by law. In such conditions, the role and importance of professional judgment of the accountant, the content of which is disclosed in the article, increases significantly. It is determined that professional judgment is bases on acquired knowledge, own skills, abilities, experience and professional sense, and is a kind of superstructure of professional opportunities. The cost of such a judgment depends on the result obtained on the basis of its application. Professional judgment is a variable characteristic of an accountant's capabilities and requires constant development. To do this, you should follow certain principles, which include consistency, argumentation, reliability, completeness, logic. Adherence to these principles will form the level of professional judgment that will provide an opportunity to effectively solve non-standard production situations and bring additional income to the accountant. In addition, we believe that the application of international accounting and reporting standards provides more opportunities for the development of accounting judgment. This is because international standards describe the basic principles that a particular entity must comply with. Domestic accounting regulations provide many alternatives by which objects can be recognized in accounting. Therefore, the development of professional judgment in the application of national provisions is primarily related to the justification of a specific alternative or scheme of application of methods of recognition, evaluation, accounting of individual objects.

Distant Teaching and Learning of BTIPS: Application in Pandemic Situation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew M. Bzymek
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
New Situation

Abstract The world’s technology is developing very rapidly. To anticipate the course and results of such development is a task that is very crucial for the success of many technological undertakings and expansions. Engineering design is the branch of engineering that should predict the results of that rapid development. It should equip society with the tools for directing and controlling that development. It is a complex task that faces big challenges. The main challenge comes from society advancement and from the technology development itself. If the directing and controlling are done right the development would bring many benefits to humanity and would make human life easier and more comfortable. Doing it right however requires increased knowledge of the new features of technology and more skills in its application. In the difficult pandemic situation that knowledge and skills should be even greater because the outbreak of the disease creates additional traps and dangers. These conditions have to be taken under consideration and accepted as normal. The role of engineering design is to predict what harmful elements would be coming from both technological and social sources. The real goal however would be to exceed the expectations and not only neutralize them but change them from harmful into neutral, and then from neutral into friendly and helpful. Such actions follows recommendations of BTIPS (Brief Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) and is outlined in the BTIPS’s module “Prediction”. At the same time the developing civilization brings dangers for humans that were unknown before. These are bacterial and viruses’ attacks that limit personal relations between humans, requires new ways and new elements of communications, especially in internet contacts and in distant learning procedures. The contents of these components should be accurately predicted, well-orchestrated, well designed and precisely described. Recommendations for introducing BTIPS as a tool of engineering education in new situation should be carefully proposed and illustration examples, using new communication tools, should be developed. These should be applied in engineering theoretical courses and in practical applications during the senior design course of study and in industrial practice. This should be precise, clearly anticipating difficulties, pointing possible errors and ways of avoiding them. Teaching examples of problem solving and personal ways of communications between individual students, between groups of students, as well as between students and instructors should be further discussed. The examples of design ideas and problem solutions generated by students in design courses that were described in previous works of the author and his co-workers [1] should be related to pandemic situation. To define and formulate rules of teaching BTIPS in the pandemic situation is the necessity of our times. On every step of our lives we face the challenge of preventing harms and destruction that can be done by the contemporary surrounding world. The preventing actions can be designed by following rules of BTIPS and by apply approach recommended in its modules. The proposal of utilizing BTIPS application examples using the internet as a tool of expression is described in this paper. All of these are pointed out and some recommendations and examples are called. Adding description of corrections to the engineering curriculum is necessary in the new situation. It is an intention of the author to demonstrate a fragment of practical distant lecturing by internet during the IMECE 2020 internet sessions using the internet network and distant support from UConn computer Laboratory in Storrs, CT. Some example solutions of the idea generation are quoted in this paper. The comments coming from author’s teaching experience will be given during the presentation and practical advices for students and instructors will be passed to the audience. This paper is a companion to IMECE 2017-70438 [1]. Some original examples given in the paper 79418 are recommended for following and will be run by internet in pandemic situation of IMECE 2020.

scholarly journals CONTROLLING NETWORK DYNAMICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 1950021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMING LI ◽  
YANG-YU LIU
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Networked Systems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

Network science has experienced unprecedented rapid development in the past two decades. The network perspective has also been widely applied to explore various complex systems in great depth. In the first decade, fundamental characteristics of complex network structure, such as the small-worldness, scale-freeness, and modularity, of various complex networked systems were harvested from analyzing big empirical data. The associated dynamical processes on complex networks were also heavily studied. In the second decade, more attention was devoted to investigating the control of complex networked systems, ranging from fundamental theories to practical applications. Here we briefly review the recent progress regarding network dynamics and control, mainly concentrating on research questions proposed in the six papers we collected for this topical issue. This review closes with possible research directions along this line, and several important problems to be solved. We expect that, in the near future, network control will play an even bigger role in more fields, helping us understand and control many complex natural and engineered systems.

scholarly journals Anther development: basic principles and practical applications.

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Goldberg ◽  
T P Beals ◽  
P M Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Anther Development ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications

Design, Fabrication and Analysis of an Electric Ducted Fan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parthasarathy Vasanthakumar ◽  
Jigme Tsering ◽  
Sumanth Siddhartha Suddunuri
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Blade Element Theory ◽  
Ducted Fan ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Electric Aircraft ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Efficient Combustion ◽  
Battery Technology

Abstract Driven by rapid development in battery technology and increase in scope for electric air taxi vehicles, developing an efficient combustion free propulsion system to pair with an electric aircraft is crucial for future of aircraft industry. However, with current technology, ducted fan configuration engines are the only feasible option when it comes to combustion free propulsion system which are already being used in many unmanned drones and unmanned aerial vehicles. In the present work, simple design, analysis and fabrication of ducted fan is performed. Propeller fan and duct is designed using basic principles of blade element theory and momentum theory. Using the parameters from the theoretical design phase, 3D model is made and fabricated using 3D printing and assembled to fit with tolerances suitable for mounting motor. A test stand capable of measuring thrust by varying rpm is designed and built using Arduino based interface. Finally, the designed model is analyzed in Ansys CFX for thrust output using an MRF simulation.

scholarly journals Low-Profile Metamaterial-Based Adaptative Beamforming Techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Tse Michael Wu ◽  
Pai-Yen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Beam Steering ◽  
Smart Antennas ◽  
Spatial Multiplexing ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Millimeter Wave Range ◽  
Wave Range

In this chapter, we will review recent research advances on beamforming and spatial multiplexing techniques using reconfigurable metamaterials (MTMs) and metasurfaces. This chapter starts by discussing basic principles and practical applications of transmission line-based metamaterials and planar metasurfaces, followed by their active versions that enable novel smart antennas with beam steering and beamshaping functions. We include detailed descriptions of their practical realizations and the integration with circuits and the radio-frequency (RF) frontend, which are used to adaptively and dynamically manipulate electromagnetic radiation. We summarize the state-of-the-art MTM/metasurface-based beamforming techniques and provide a critical comparison for their uses in the RF-to-millimeter-wave range in terms of cost, reconfigurability, system integratability and radiation properties. These techniques are expected to pave the way for the massive deployment of communication, radar, remote sensing and medical and security imaging systems.

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