scholarly journals Freeze Dried extracts of Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. And Sheriff. show significant Antidiarrheal activity in ‐vivo Models of Diarrhea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gacigi Kinuthia ◽  
Anne W. Muriithi ◽  
Peter Waweru Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker

ABSTRACTEthnopharmacological relevance of the studyDiarrhea remains one of the main killers of children aged below five years. Traditional antidiarrheal remedies form a potentially viable source of novel low cost efficacious antidiarrheal remedies in low resource settings. There is therefore a pressing to scientifically evaluate these remedies.Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antidiarrheal activity of Bidens biternata a herb species used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine in the management of diarrhea.Materials and MethodsIn the castor oil test twenty (20) adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the negative control (normal saline), positive control (5 mg/kg loperamide), (200 mg/kg Bidens biternata extract) and (400 mg/kg Bidens biternata extract) groups (n=5 in each group). Castor oil (4 ml/kg) was then administered to the animals one hour after administration of the respective treatments after which the total mass of fecal output excreted after four (4) hours was determined.In the charcoal meal test fifteen (15) Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to the negative control (normal saline 5 ml/kg orally), the positive control (atropine sulphate 0.1 mg/kg i.p) and test (400 mg/kg Bidens biternata extract) groups (n=5). Charcoal meal was then administered via oral gavage to each rat thirty (30) minutes after the administration of the various treatments. The distance covered by the charcoal meal from the pylorus was then determined after sacrifice of the animals.In the enteropooling test twenty (20) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the negative control (5% v/v ethanol in normal saline), positive control (5 mg/kg loperamide) and test (400 mg/kg Bidens biternata extract) groups and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (100μg/kg) administered immediately after the treatments. The animals were then sacrificed half an hour later and the volume of the small intestine contents determined. The effects of different concentrations of Bidens biternata extract (0.5. 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/ml) on jejunal contraction were investigated and a dose-response curve constructed using the experimental data after which The ED50 dose determined. The effect of tamsulosin (α1 adrenergic blocker), yohimbine (α2 adrenergic blocker), propranolol (β adrenergic blocker) and naloxone (μ opioid blocker) on the contractile activity of the extract were also investigated.The experimental data were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) and then analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test in cases of significance (set at p<0.05).ResultsThe freeze dried extracts of Bidens biternata had significant antidiarrhealeffects in the castor oil induced diarrhea model (p=0.0075) with maximal activity being observed at the 400mg/kg dosage level (1.66± 0.81g vs. 4.54 ± 0.51 g negative control, p=0.01). Bidens biternata extract had significant effects on intestinal motility in the charcoal meal test compared to the control group (43.61 ± 4.42% vs. 60.54 ± 3.33%: p= 0.02). Bidens biternata extract had a significant effect on PGE2 induced enteropooling (3.06 ± 0.07 ml vs. 4.74 ± 0.10 ml; p<0.001).The freeze dried extracts of Bidens biternata had a significant negative effect on the contractility of the isolated rabbit jejunum (p<0.001). The effects of the extract were significantly attenuated by tamsulosin (53.94 ± 4.20% vs. 80.57 ± 4.09%; p=0.0067) and naloxone (53.94 ± 4.20% vs. 73.89 ± 7.26 %; p=0.0358). Yohimbine (p=0.4598) and propranolol (p=0.5966) however did not have any significant effect on the contractile activity of the extract.ConclusionsThe freeze dried extract of Bidens biternata possess significant antidiarrhealactivity in both in vitro and in vivo models which appears to be mediated by modulating both the intestinal motility as well as the secretory activity. The results of this study also validate its traditional use as an antidiarrheal remedy.

scholarly journals Hyperlipidemia Preventing Activities of Standardized Ethanolic Extract of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.): An In Vivo Study in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Dimas Adhi Pradana ◽  
Lalily Apriani ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini
Keyword(s):  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Lipid metabolism disorders can lead to hyperlipidemia that triggers atherosclerosis. This study aimed to identify the potential of standardized ethanolic extract of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) to prevent hyperlipidemia by referring to the reduction of triglyceride level and total cholesterols in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 30 experimental animals was put into 6 groups, including normal, positive control (0.9 mg/kgBW of simvastatin), negative control, treatment I (200 mg/kgBW of extract), treatment II (400 mg/kgBW of extract), and treatment III (800 mg/kgBW of extract). Preventive therapy and positive control were administered from day 1 to day 67. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding pure lard and duck yolk to the rats twice daily from day 8 to day 67. Determination of triglyceride level and total cholesterols was conducted on day 0 and day 67. The findings revealed that the treatment groups with ethanolic extract of red spinach at doses of 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, and 800 mg/kgBW had statistically significant differences (p

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SINBIOTIK KEFIR PISANG BATU TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL-LDL DAN KOLESTEROL-HDL TIKUS MODEL SINDROM METABOLIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-288
Author(s):  
Dina Khoiriyah ◽  
Taufik Maryusman ◽  
Santi Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Effect of Banana Kefir Synbiotic on LDL-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol of Metabolic Syndrome Rats Metabolic syndrome (SM) is characterized by several risk factors including dyslipidemia. This study aims to analyze the effect of kefir synbiotic produced from banana stone flour (Musa balbisiana) on LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of metabolic syndrome rat model. The 24 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, namely negative control (healthy rats fed standard feed), positive control (metabolic syndrome rats fed standard feed), treatment I and treatment II (metabolic syndrome rats each given synbiotic kefir banana stone flour 1.8 mL/200 g mouse BW/day and 3.6 mL/200 g mouse BW/day, respectively). The intervention was carried out for three weeks. After the intervention, the levels of LDL-cholesterol in treatment I and II experienced a decrease of 44.66% and 56.94%, respectively, while the-HDL-cholesterol levels in treatment I and II experienced an increase of 104.5% and 172.71%, respectively. The biggest change occurred in treatment II. Synbiotic kefir banana stone flour improved lipid profile in metabolic syndrome rats. Sindrom metabolik (SM) ditandai dengan beberapa faktor risiko termasuk dislipidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sinbiotik kefir tepung pisang batu (Musa balbisiana) terhadap kadar kolesterol-LDL dan kolesterol-HDL tikus model SM. Subjek menggunakan 24 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (tikus sehat yang diberi pakan standar), kontrol positif (tikus model SM yang diberi pakan standar), perlakuan I dan perlakuan II (tikus model SM yang masing-masing diberi sinbiotik kefir tepung pisang batu 1,8 mL/200 g BB tikus/hari dan 3,6 mL/200 g BB tikus/hari). Proses intervensi dilakukan selama tiga minggu. Setelah intervensi, kadar kolesterol-LDL perlakuan I dan II mengalami penurunan sebesar 44,66% dan 56,94%, sedangkan kadar kolesterol-HDL perlakuan I dan II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 104,5% dan 172,71%. Perubahan terbesar terjadi pada perlakuan II. Sinbiotik kefir tepung pisang batu memperbaiki profil lipid tikus sindrom metabolik.

Buprenorphine alleviation of pain does not compromise the rat monoarthritic pain model

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
M.S. Berke ◽  
Klas S.P. Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Aims This study investigated the effects of buprenorphine treatment on pain and welfare parameters and model specific parameters in a rat model of monoarthritis to eliminate unnecessary pain from this model. Methods 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (1) A negative control without arthritis receiving no analgesia. (2) A positive monoarthritic control group receiving no analgesia, but subcutaneous saline injections twice a day. (3) A positive control with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous carprofen once a day and saline once a day. (4) A group with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine twice a day. Monoarthritis was induced with an injection of 0.02 ml Complete Freund’s Adjuvant intra-articularly in the left tibiotarsal joint. Treatment with analgesia was initiated at day 15 and the rats were euthanized at day 23. Results The induced monoarthritis elicited a pronounced acute inflammation. Several parameters such as bodyweight, mobility, stance, joint-stiffness and lameness scores were affected. A marked mechanical hyperalgesia in the tarsal area was observed by Electronic Von Frey testing, but no severe compromise of the animal welfare was seen at any time. Signs of chronic development began to appear from day 10 after the monoarthritic induction. No significant change in serum cytokines and faecal corticosterone measurements was found after administration of buprenorphine. A minor decrease in body weight was seen, and a higher pain tolerance to mechanical stimuli was observed, indicating pain alleviation. The histological examination confirmed monoarthritic development in all monoarthritic rats and revealed periarticular lesions suggesting diffusion of adjuvant from intra-articular injection site to the periphery. Conclusions The study demonstrated that buprenorphine has an analgesic effect in the adjuvant induced monoarthritic rat model, without obvious interference with the development of arthritis.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE WATER EXTRACT OF THE FOUR O’CLOCK HERB (MIRABILIS JALAPA L.) ON THE HEALING OF OPEN WOUNDS IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Puspita Puspasari ◽  
Fadlina Chany Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Iodine Dose

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect on wound healing following treatment with a water extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. by investigatingwound contraction and the associated histopathological changes in rat skin.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control (povidone-iodine), dose 1, dose 2, anddose 3. A 20-×10-mm rectangular wound area was created for the test. In dose 1, 2, and 3 groups, the corresponding dose variation of a 0.5-mLM. jalapa L. water extract (dose 1: 5% v/v, ≈243.1 mg/kg body weight BW; dose 2: 10% v/v, ≈486.2 mg/kg BW; and dose 3: 20% v/v, ≈972.4 mg/kg BW)was topically applied for 14 days on open wounds of rats. Widespread wound contractions were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, andhistopathological changes in the skin were observed on day 15 using hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results: The M. jalapa L. water extract accelerated wound healing. The optimal dose was found to be 20% v/v (≈972.4 mg/kg BW).Conclusion: M. jalapa L. extracts are potential healing agents for open wounds.

Toxicogenomic Analysis of Cardiotoxicity in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. GEI.S851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Hirakawa ◽  
Bart A. Jessen ◽  
Oscar Illanes ◽  
Ann de Peyster ◽  
Thomas McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Control Compound

Evidence of cardiotoxicity in the preclinical testing of drugs will often lead to compound attrition. The standard method for identifying cardiotoxic compounds involves histopathological analysis of tissue sections, a resource intensive process. In an effort to reduce attrition and capture safety endpoints early within the drug discovery paradigm, a more rapid assessment of target organ effects is desired. Here we describe the results of a preliminary study in which a group of common genes were affected by in vivo exposure to compounds known to cause dose-dependant cardiotoxicity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of digoxin (20 mg/kg), doxorubicin (30 mg/kg), isoproterenol (70 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) or carbon tetrachloride (800 mg/kg) and euthanized either 6 or 24 hours post-dose. Digoxin, doxorubicin, isoproterenol, and lipopolysaccharide were chosen for this study based on their diverse mechanisms of cardiotoxicity. Carbon tetrachloride, a known liver toxicant, was chosen as a non-cardiotoxic negative control. Genes commonly affected by all four cardiotoxic compounds were grouped together as a list of potential biomarkers. Gene expression changes were subsequently quantified using quantitative PCR. These genes were compared to those affected by novel experimental compounds previously shown to cause cardiotoxicity in rats. These compounds also affected over half of the genes on the biomarker list, whereas the non-cardiotoxic control compound did not affect any genes on the biomarkers list. These data indicate that measuring changes in gene expression could aid in the prioritization of compounds before they are tested in more resource intensive studies.

scholarly journals The Hepatoprotective Effects of Basil Leaf (Ocimum sanctum L.) Extract on Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Male Rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-450
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Panggabean ◽  
Nofita ◽  
Ade Maria Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Percolation Method ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Basil leaf have antioxidants such as flavonoids, so it is thought to have a hepatoprotective effect. This study aims to investigate the effect of basil leaf extract on SGOT and SGPT levels in male rats induced by paracetamol. Basil leaf extract was carried out by the percolation method using ethyl acetate solvent, Some 20 male sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Basil leaf extract (400 mg/kgBB and 600 mg/kgBB) and sylimarin (100 mg/kgBB) were carried out every day for 28 days, paracetamol was induced 24 hours after giving the last day of basil leaf extract. The parameters measured were SGOT and SGPT level to assess the effect of basil leaf extract on liver damage caused by paracetamol. The results showed that basil leaf extract (400 mg/kgBB dan 600 mg/kgBB) showed that the activities of SGOT and SGPT levels were statistically significant (p<0,05) to negative control. Basil leaf extract shows the effect of hepatoprotector on liver induced by paracetamol, however the effect given was not able to equate with positive control.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF A STANDARDIZED ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSELLE CALYX IN THE TREATMENT OF ORAL MUCOSA ULCERATION (IN VIVO)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Reni Jayantini ◽  
Dewi Fatma Suniarti ◽  
Agoeng T Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Inflammation Score

 Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the topical application of a standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx in the treatment of oral mucous ulceration.Methods: Twelve Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, with oral mucous ulcer being induced in all the rats. The ulcer diameter, reddish color, and the swollen membrane around the ulcer, as well as the inflammation score of the ulcer, were recorded for all animals. The negative control group was treated with aquades, while the positive control group was treated with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. The treatment group received the topical application of 7.5% and 15% standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx twice a day for 3 or 7 days. On the 4th day, six rats were sacrificed, while the remaining six rats continued to receive treatment as before. On the 8th day, all the rats were sacrificed. Specimens were fixed, and histology slides were made. Further, microscopic slides were observed and scored.Result: Both the 7.5% and 15% standardized ethanol extracts of roselle calyx were found to reduce the ulcer diameter and inflammation score. No swelling or redness was observed.Conclusions: The application of 7.5% standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx for 7 days is equally as effective as the application of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonides, except in terms of the decrease in the inflammation score.

scholarly journals Ascertainment of In vivo Antidiarrheal and In vitro Thrombolytic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Amomum dealbatum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Azimul Islam ◽  
Mohammed Aktar Sayeed ◽  
Md. Abdul Barek ◽  
Enama Nabi Shetu ◽  
Md. Nurul Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Thrombolytic Effect

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate antidiarrheal and thrombolytic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of A. dealbatum in mice. Study design: Antidiarrheal effect was evaluated by castor oil-induced diarrhea method at two different concentrations in mice and in vitro thrombolytic activity was analyzed with clot lysis assay of human blood. Place and duration of study: Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong-4318, Bangladesh, between December 2018 and February 2019. Methodology: The male Swiss mice’s were divided into four groups (n = 5). First group was orally treated with 1% Tween-80 (10 ml/kg) and second group was orally treated with loperamide (5 mg/kg). Third and fourth group were orally treated with ethanolic extract of leaves of A. dealbatum at 200 and 400 mg/kg accordingly. Human RBCs were collected for conducting thrombolytic assay. During this study, 1.5 ml of venous blood was drawn from healthy volunteers (n = 10) and Streptokinase was employed as positive control and distilled water was employed as negative control. Results: In castor oil induced diarrhea model, ethanolic extract of leaves of A. dealbatum at 200, 400 mg/kg and loperamide (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of feces and increase percent of inhibition of defecations compared to negative control. The extract showed percent of inhibition of defecation of 16.67 and 37.50 for 200 and 400 mg/ml respectively where the positive control loperamide showed 66.67%. Percentage of clot disruptions were 4.51 (p<.001), 75.69 (p<.001) and 26.07 (p<.001) for water, streptokinase and 10 mg/ml extract respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results from in vivo and in vitro activities, the leaves of A. dealbatum were found to be a potential source of new antidiarrheal and thrombolytic agents.

scholarly journals Is traditional herbal mix composition effective on wound healing?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Serap Gokce Eskin ◽  
Yucel Basimoglu Koca ◽  
Serdal Ogut
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Wound healing is a dynamic process that includes biochemical and physiological phenomena. Studies confirm that plants are used in wound healing to a great extent.  Antique oil (HBX 2371) has been produced as a traditional herbal mixed. This herbal mixture contains sesame oil, thyme oil, olive leaf, fig seed, grape seed, turmeric, and cinnamon. We evaluated traditional plant mixed oil ( Antique oil) for its wound-healing activity using an excision wound model in rats. Methods: The study used a preclinical, in vivo experimental, and analytical design. In the study, a total of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats, including 7 as experimental group, 7 as negative-control group, and 7 as positive-control group, were used. After the ischemic wound was created in experimental animals, the research data relating to the histochemical changes and biochemical parameters of the wound healing parameters were collected Results: A to research in experimental group fibroblast count, collagen density, fat cells, epithelization scores higher than the other groups and inflammatory cell density lower than the others. According to the results of the study, the highest TAC value (3.94 ± 0.21) was determined in the experimental group and results showed that antique oil administration decreased the TOC value. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that antique oil prevented the wound changes induced by the incision, increased the repair of the epidermal and dermal structure in a short time, increased the antioxidant level, and decreased the oxidation level. Clinical studies are recommended.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document