scholarly journals Shell Morphology, Radula and Genital Structures of New Invasive Giant African Land Snail Species, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822,Achatina albopicta E.A. Smith (1878) and Achatina reticulata Pfeiffer 1845 (Gastropoda:Achatinidae) in Southwest Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Odaibo ◽  
Suraj O. Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Body Whorl

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the differences in the shell, radula and genital structures of 3 new invasive species, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822,Achatina albopicta E.A. Smith (1878) and Achatina reticulata Pfeiffer, 1845 collected from southwestern Nigeria and to determine features that would be of importance in the identification of these invasive species in Nigeria. This is the first report of Achatina albopicta and A. reticulata in Nigeria, but Achatina fulica have since been reported in Nigeria and other African countries outside coastal East Africa. No study has described the external or internal morphology of any of the invasive species in Nigeria. Five to ten live specimens of each species, with complete shell characters, of each species were used for this study. Vernier caliper was used to obtain all shell measurements, with the shell held vertically and the aperture facing the observer. The genital structures were dissected out and fixed in 70% alcohol for 10-15 minutes and examined. The buccal mass was dissected out and digested in 7.5% sodium hydroxide for 24 hrs to free the radula from snail tissues and then examined under the compound microscope.The shells of the 3 new species were dextral, conical with pointed spire and narrow apex. The whorls were separated by deep sutures. The parietal walls and the columella of the three species were white but columella of A. reticulata had a characteristic thick deposit of white porcelain-like material. There were dark brown markings on the whorls of the three species on dirty brown background for A. fulica and A. reticulata and dirty yellowish background for A. albopicta. The shell of A. albopicta was slightly glossy on the body whorl. The whorls of A. albopicta were much more convex than the whorls of A. fulica and A. reticulata. The columella of A. albopicta was truncate above the base of the peristome, moderately concave and slightly curved up at the base, while the columella of A. fulica was truncate sharply at the base of the peristome and straight and the columella of A. reticulata was slantly truncate at the base of the peristome and straight. The genitalia of the three species were very identical but differed slightly in the emergence of the basal vas deferens from the penis. The penes were slender and completely enclosed by the penial sheaths. The length of the penis varied from 10 to 12 mm. The vas deferens, free oviduct and the spermatheca duct were very long. The radula could be differentiated by the structure of central teeth and the first lateral tooth. The study showed that the shell morphology, radula and genital structures can be of importance in the identification of members of the family Achatinidae in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Physa cubensis Pfeiffer, 1839 (Pulmonata: Physidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lobato Paraense
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Line ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Nidamental Gland ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Body Whorl ◽  
The Right

A description of Physa cubensis Pfeiffer, 1839, based on 15 speciments collected in Havana, Cuba, is presented. The shell, measuring 9.0 x 4,8mm to 12.3 x 6.4mm, is ovate-oblong, thin, diaphanous, horncolored, shining. Spire elevated, broadly conical; protoconch distinct, roundish, reddish-brown. About five moderately shouldered, roundly convex whorls, penultimate whorl expanded; spiral striation subobsolete; growth line faint on the intermediate whorls, clearly visible on the body whorl, crowded here and there. Suture well impressed. Aperture elongated 2.05 - 2.67 (mean 2.27) times as long as the remaining length of the shell, narrow obovulate-lunate; upper half acute-angled, lower half oval, narrowly rounded at the base; outer lip sharp, inner lip completely closing the umbilical region; a thick callus on the parietal wall; columellar plait well marked. Ratios: shell width/shell length - 0.52-0.61 (mean 0.55); spire length/shell length = 0.27 - 0.33 (mean 0.31); aperture length/shell length = 0.67 - 0.73 (mean 0.69). Oral lappets laterally mucronate; foot spatulate with acuminate tail. Mantle relection with 6 - 8 short triangular dentations in the right lobe (columellar side) and 4 - 6 in the left lobe (near the pneumostome). Renal tube tightly folded into a zigzag course. Ovotestis, ovispermiduct, seminal vesicle, oviduct, nidamental gland, uterus and vagina as in Physa marmorata (see Paraense, 1986, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 81: 459-469). Spermathecal body egg-shaped or pear-shaped; spermathecal ducta uniformly narrow with expanded base, a little longer than the body. Spermiduct, prostate and vas deferens as in P. marmorata (Paraense, loc. cit.). Penis wide proximally, narrowing gradually apicad; penial canal with subterminal outlet. Penial sheath following the width of the penis and ending up by a bulbous expansion somewhat narrower than the proximal portion. Penaial sheath/prepuce ration = 1,25 - 1,83 (mean 1.49). Prepuce much wider than the bulb of the penial shealth, moderately shouldered owing to the intromission of the bulb, and with a large gland in one side of its proximal half occupating about a third of its length. Extrinsic muscles of the penial complex as in P. marmorata. Jaw a simple obtusely V-shaped plate. Radula to be described separetely.

scholarly journals Discus (Canaridiscus) laurisilvae sp. nov., a species from the laurel forest of La Gomera, Canary Islands (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Discidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3224 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH ALLGAIER ◽  
MATTHIAS KLEMM
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Laurel Forest ◽  
The Family ◽  
La Gomera

A new endemic land snail species of the family Discidae, Atlantica (Canaridiscus) saproxylophaga Alonso, G. Holyoak & Yanes 2011, was recently described from La Gomera, Canary Islands (in Yanes et al. 2011). According to Rähle & Allgaier (2011) it is provisorily considered as belonging to the genus Discus. This species lives in the laurel forest and has the largest shell of all the Discidae hitherto known from Macaronesia. In the same habitat where D. saproxylophagus lives, we found individuals of similar size belonging to a second species of the taxon Canaridiscus. These two species show clear differences with respect to both shell morphology and genital anatomy, as described herein.

scholarly journals A new subspecies of microsnail from Masungi Georeserve, Rizal, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Snail ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Body Whorl ◽  
Two Populations

A new subspecies of microsnail, Hypselostoma latispira masungiensis subsp. nov., is described based on shell morphology and molecular characters. This new subspecies is distinguished from H. l. latispira from Baguio City, Benguet Province by having relatively larger major width size, additional apertural teeth (interpalatal plica), larger body whorl and apertural width, and clustering based on location. The collected samples from Masungi Georeserve, Rizal Province appear to be an ecophenotype as indicated by the novel site congruent to the clade separation of Masungi and Baguio H. latispira. Neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood trees also demonstrated that the two sample groups clustered separately, with bootstrap support of 84% and 78%, respectively. However, pairwise distance comparison revealed that there is only an average of 0.0131 ± 0.0126 genetic distance (99.98%) between the two populations, suggesting that they are most likely similar species; thus, the proposal of making it a subspecies. This is the first report on the new distributional record outside the type locality and a new subspecies of H. latispira. KEYWORDS: land snail, karst, interpalatal plica, pairwise distance comparison

scholarly journals Toward an Ethnoarchaeomalacology of Achatina in East Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Walz
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Human Subsistence

Land snail shell is a material commonly identified in the Late Holocene archaeological record of eastern Africa. Typically, archaeologists designate land snail shell as a natural occurrence or as debris produced from human subsistence. Ethnographic observations in lowland northeastern Tanzania show that contemporary communities employ the soft parts and shells of land snails, particularly Achatina fulica, for a range of everyday and special purposes. The array of land snail uses by mixed subsistence farmers and agropastoralists in the area documents the significance of A. fulica and other robust land snail species. Present uses of land snails observed in Tanzania offer a set of analogies that, when critically applied, can enrich archaeologists’ interpretations of land snail debris in antiquity.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Lendir Bekicot Afrika (Achatina fulica) sebagai Obat Luka Bakar Berbasis Nanoemulsi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Hanidya Fidela Ulayya ◽  
Yuniar Ayu Limantini Suwele ◽  
Erika Indah Junior ◽  
Nisia Anindita Rinjani ◽  
Syarifat Izat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Closure ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Medium Viscosity

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p>Indonesia merupakan negara tropis yang ditemukan banyak spesies bekicot, salah satunya adalah <em>Achatina fulica</em> (siput tanah). Keberadaan <em>A. </em><em>fulica</em> kurang dimanfaatkan dan lendirnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk  mempercepat pengeringan dan penutupan luka. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa lendir bekicot mengandung acharan sulfat yaitu glycosaminoglycan yang pada fase proliferasi akan membentuk komplek yang berperan penting pada penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui cara mengolah mucus <em>Achatina fulica</em> menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi sebagai obat luka bakar dan menguji efek menyembuhkan luka bakar. Sediaan nanoemulsi dari mucus <em>A. </em><em>fulica</em> adalah sistem w/o (air dalam minyak) dengan fase air adalah gliserol, fase minyak adalah kitosan, dan emulgator adalah Tween 80 dan Span 80. Hasil evaluasi sediaan nanopartikel yang mengandung lender A. fulica menunjukkan distribusi partikel yang baik dan nilai <em>Dispersion Medium Viscosity </em>(Distribusi partikel) didapati hasil sebesar 0,9 mPa.s. Hal ini menunjukkan sediaan nanoemulsi yang diperoleh menunjukkan stabilitas yang baik.</p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong>   nanoemulsi, <em>Achatina fulica</em>, luka bakar</p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Utilitazion of  </em></strong><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>frican snail mucus (Achatina fulica) </em></strong><strong><em>as</em></strong><strong><em> nanoemulsion</em></strong><strong><em> for wound </em></strong><strong><em>burn </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Indonesia is a tropical country that is found in many snail species, one of which is Achatina fulica (land snail). The existence of A. fulica is underutilized and the mucus can be used to speed up drying and wound closure. Previous research shows that snail mucus contains acharan sulfate, namely glycosaminoglycan, which in the proliferation phase will form a complex that plays an important role in wound healing. This study was conducted to find out how to process Achatina fulica mucus into nanoemulsion as a burn medicine and test the effect of curing burns. Nanoemulsion from mucus A. fulica is a system of w/o (water in oil) with water phase is glycerol, oil phase is chitosan, and emulgator is Tween 80 and Span 80. The evaluation of nanoparticles containing lender A. fulica shows particle distribution which is good and the value of Medium Viscosity Dispersion (Particle distribution) is found to be 0.9 mPa.s. This shows that the nanoemulsion obtained showed good stability.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em> </em><em>nanoemulsion, Achatina fulica, burns</em><em></em></p>

Napaeus lajaensis sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from a Quaternary Aeolian Deposit of Northeast Tenerife, Canary Islands

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1307 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINA CASTILLO ◽  
YURENA YANES ◽  
MARÍA R. ALONSO ◽  
MIGUEL IBÁÑEZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Basaltic Lava ◽  
Aeolian Deposit ◽  
Tenerife Island ◽  
Body Whorl

Napaeus lajaensis sp. nov. is the oldest Napaeus species found in the Canary Islands, with more than 130 ka. It is described from a Pleistocene aeolian deposit intercalated between two basaltic lava flows located at Mancha de La Laja (Tenerife Island). The new species is characterized mainly by the presence of two very prominent, spiral, semicylindrical ribs on the body whorl shell. The stratigraphic setting and taphonomic features of the land snail association to which N. lajaensis belongs, were also shown.

scholarly journals Changes in the composition of the land snail fauna of Mt. Ciampea, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Ayu Savitri Nurinsiyah ◽  
Bernhard Hausdorf
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
West Java

Mt. Ciampea is a limestone outcrop surrounded by human settlements in West Java. To update the inventory of land snail species from Mt. Ciampea and to compare it with the previous records, we sampled land snails at eight plots (10m x10m) in January 2013 and May 2014. In total, 1702 specimens belonging to 16 families and 34 species were collected. Stomacosmethis jagori (Cyclophoridae) was the dominant species comprising 24% of the individuals. The number of species was similar to a previous survey, in which 38 species were recorded, but the species composition was different. Sixteen of the previously recorded species were not found in our survey, but we could record 13 species that were not known from Mt. Ciampea so far. Among them were two invasive species, Lissachatina fulica (Achatinidae) and Bradybaena similaris (Camaenidae) that colonized the area since the early 20th century. A more detailed survey will be necessary to ascertain whether and which previously recorded species are actually extinct on Mt. Ciampea.

scholarly journals New records of the endemic Sicilian land snail species Marmorana (Murella) muralis (O. F. Müller, 1774) from the north of Tunisia (Pulmonata, Gastropoda)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Issaad Kawther Ezzine ◽  
Najet Dimassi ◽  
Beat Pfarrer ◽  
Khaled Said ◽  
Eike Neubert
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
The North

Marmorana (Murella) muralis is known as an endemic species of Sicily Island, which is introduced in many European countries. Here, M. (M.) muralis is recorded from the north of Tunisia. In order to confirm the identification of samples collected from several localities, shell morphology, details of genital organs and two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S) were investigated. The results of the molecular study, as well as the morphological and anatomical studies confirm the identification of all Tunisian samples as M. (M.) muralis. The analysis of mitochondrial markers shows a low divergence between Sicilian and Tunisian samples suggesting a recent introduction of M. (M.) muralis to the North of Tunisia. The comparison of morphological characters of M. (M.) muralis with shell characters of Murellanicollei described by Pallary (1926) confirms that the latter should be considered as synonym of M. (M.) muralis.

scholarly journals Toxicity And Accumulation of Lead And Cadmium In The Land Snail, Archachatina Papyracea In A Tropical Alfisol From Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga John Owojori ◽  
Michael Awodiran ◽  
Oluwadunsin Ajana ◽  
Olukayode Jegede
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Visceral Mass ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

Abstract Snails are an important link in the transfer of contaminants, especially metals in the food chain. Yet, few studies have examined the toxicity and accumulation of metals in snails in the tropics. This study assessed the toxicity and accumulation of two non-essential metals (cadmium and lead) to the tropical snail Archachatina papyracea. Specimens of the snail A. papyracea were exposed in a loamy soil collected from Ile-Ife, Nigeria and spiked with varying concentrations of Cd and Pb over 28 days. Survival and weight change of snails were monitored weekly while tissue accumulation was assessed at the end of the 28-day period. Survival was a more sensitive endpoint than the weight change of snails. The Cd median lethal concentration (LC50) value was 93 ± 4.4 mg/kg, while the median effect concentration (EC50) for snail weight change was 131 ± 41mg/kg. For Pb, LC50 value was 1121 ± 457 mg/kg while the EC50 value for weight change was higher at 4541 ± 1180 mg/kg. Therefore, Cd was a factor of about 10 to 30 more toxic than Pb, consistent with findings on the relative toxicity of Cd and Pb to other soil organisms, including earthworms, springtails, and mites. Although not included initially as an endpoint, egg production in the snails decreased with increasing Cd and Pb concentrations in the substrate. Metal analysis of the foot and visceral mass of surviving snails showed progressive accumulation of Cd and Pb as concentration increased, showing the tendency to use body residue of A. papyracea as an indicator of metal pollution. It further suggests the role of this snail species in above-ground metal transfer in the food chain and highlights the potential danger for human consumption.

scholarly journals Deep genetic structure at a small spatial scale in the endangered land snail Xerocrassa montserratensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Català ◽  
Vicenç Bros ◽  
Xavier Castelltort ◽  
Xavier Santos ◽  
Marta Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Small Spatial Scale ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Single Locality

AbstractSpecies with small geographic ranges do not tend to have a high genetic structure, but some land snail species seem to be an exception. Xerocrassa montserratensis, an endangered land snail endemic to Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula), is an excellent model to study the processes affecting the phylogeography of specialized species of conservation concern. This species is restricted to xerophilous stony slopes and occurs within a small and fragmented area of ca. 500 km2. We sequenced the COI barcode region of 152 individuals from eight sites covering the entire range of the species. We found four genetic groups mostly coincident with their geographic distribution: a central ancestral group containing shared haplotypes among five localities and three groups restricted to a single locality each. Two of these derived groups were geographically and genetically isolated, while the third and most differentiated group was not geographically isolated. Geomorphologic and paleoclimatic processes during the Pleistocene can explain the divergence found between populations of this low dispersal species with historical fragmentation and secondary contacts. Nonetheless, recent passive large dispersal through streams was also detected in the central group. Overall, our study uncovered four evolutionary units, partially matching morphologically described subspecies, which should be considered in future conservation actions.

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